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PROCEEDINGS
CALIPORINGTA
AUADEMY OF SOLENGKS.
SECOND SERIES.
27/486
VOLENE: LV:
18938-18904.
San Francisco, 1895.
Committee of Publication:
H. W. HARKNESS. GULIAN P. RIXFORD. CARLOS TROYER.
Epitor: FRANK H. VASLITY.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
ASHMEAD, WiLtL1AM H. Some Parasitic Hymenoptera from Lower
GHITKONAME w, Sogdian wlacad podoua aco Moo eS onoed Cea Emon or 122
BRANDEGEE, KATHARINE. Studies in Portulacacew. ................ 86
Shrinhiss sh, (OCHO NI do pocsecapoos soOnoo coos Oss Hoes Sucar 173
CALvERT, Puitip P. The Odonata of Baja California............... 463
CRAMER, FRANK. Description of a Little Known Agonoid Fish, Hip-
PocephalUssaPOMIGUH. 4... 4.2) emie alist) eco ets ae 147
Cooper, J. G. On Land and Fresh Water Mollusca of Lower Cali-
Homey INOa tba ea crammed oes Oe OL Bebac tans neo oom adc 130
On Some Pliocene Fresh Water Fossils of California .......... 166
Eastwoop, Auice. Two Species of Aquilegia from the Upper Sonoran
Fonerot ColoradorandaUtaltrcue woeeise rere e sere sie 559
Fox, Witt1aAm J. Report on Some Mexican Hymenoptera, Principally
aon Won cere CLVMNGNAMEy HAAG Uc dem ened asubon doaubooHOT 1
Second Report on Some Hymenoptera from Lower California,
[MEGS COMM ee erates re terae tere ec se aie ates ay ereba pyc tole colt at sa) casera eet 92
Harriey, Ftora. Description of a New Species of Wood-Rat from
INAVAD OY! sae soto oto Dad Book Detbe Sold nop ese e Sb ord ac 157
Hotes, SamuEL J. Notes on West American Crustacea............ 563
Horn, Georce H. The Coleoptera of Baja California............... 302
JorpaN, Davip Starr. Description of Evermannia, a New Genus of
Groliwonel MIVSS oooug domes sonaoo SaounonondouneodcuoS 592
JorpaN, Davip 8. and CuaRites H. Giieert. Description of a New
Species of Ribbon Fish, Trachypterus Rex-salmonorum,
Teg soo [SHHay JMEANONSKCO, eo bon dosede oe cone a cacs somanous 144
Merriam, C. Hart. Descriptions of Four New Pocket Mice from
Lower California, collected by Walter E. Bryant......... 457
PERGANDE, THEO. Ona Collection of Formicide from Lower Califor-
Mfay AT CaS OO TAN AVLOKAGO! ss. y2.oe 21s eh jeraire fuciehel elaine o)e/* selene’ 26
Formicida of Lower California, Mexico............%.......... 161
Price, W. W. Description of a New Wood-Rat from the Coast Range
Gu (Ceimrinnll Ghibhieiiteysn oh hae Sebo ccs ap oaccianD oO cee 154
Rirrer, Witt1AM E. Tunicata of the Pacific Coast of North Amer-
ica. I.—Perophora Annectens n.sp...........-. -.... 37
ll TABLE OF CONTENTS.
TownseEnD, C. H. Tyter. On the Diptera of Baja California, Includ-
ing Some Species from Adjacent Regions......... ..... 5938
Unter, P. R. Observations upon the Heteropterous Hemiptera of
Lower California, with Descriptions of New Species. .... 223
Van DenspurGH, Joun. Descriptions of Three New Lizards from
California and Lower California, with a note on Phryno-
Boma Blainvillit’..2ci.5. cieca1 0 cececs terete etalk etek erate eee 296
Notes on Crotalus Mitchellii and ‘‘ Crotalus Pyrrhus”......... 450
Phrynosoma Solaris, with a Note on its Distribution.......... 456
Vopvcrs, A. W. Notes on Paleozoic Crustacea No. 4.—On a New
Trilobite from Arkansas Lower Coal Measures.......... 589
BROCEEDINGS isis ei cesr ste eres encbeieie: | cine Gace ce, tele yore hielo oeret hentai nae 621
IVINS UX st aS gd aye tat Sete, Slaue Pate erR'Si8 Sie 4 Sia ae oust ue oie re aWeuehe eRe seein ere en ee 643
List oF PLATES.
I-III. Perophora annectens.
IV. Lewisia Kelloggii.
V-VI. Lower Californian Mollusca.
VII-VIII. Coleoptera of Baja California.
IX. Trachypterus rex-salmonorum.
X. Hippocephalus japonicus.
XI. Neotoma californica.
XII. Neotoma albigula.
XIII. Neotoma mexicana :
XIV. Pliocene fresh water fossils.
XV-XVII. Odonata of Baja California.
XVIII-XIX. Aquilegia ecalcarata; Aquilegia micrantha.
XX-XXI. West American Crustacea,
INSEL DADISOIONM ES
—— OR
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY
——— 0 = —
Sea INU. SS.
REPORT ON SOME MEXICAN HYMENOPTERA, PRIN-
CIPALLY FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA.
BY WILLIAM Jj. FOX.
The collections on which this paper is based were
made principally throughout Lower California. I say
throughout, as collections were made, beginning at San
Quintin in the north, to San José del Cabo in the ex-
treme south, as well as in divers localities in the east and
west, such as Magdalena Island and San Juan. The
collection as a whole, though not very extensive, is, in
my opinion, one of the most important that has ever been
brought from that region, as not only do the specimens
bear the precise locality in which they were collected,
but have the date of capture as well, which, as every en-
tomologist must admit, is not only interesting but import-
ant. To Mr. Gustav Eisen, of the California Academy
of Sciences, my thanks are due for the opportunity of
examining these collections, and who collected those spec-
imens from SanJosé del Cabo and Hermosillo, Sonora.
The remainder were collected by Mr. Chas. D. Haines,
who deserves credit for the neat and careful way in which
he has prepared his specimens. My thanks are also due
Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead and Mr. Theo. Pergande, of
2p S=R., Vou. IV. September 14, 1893.
i)
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Washington, D. C., for determining the Parasitica and
Formicidae. (The latter will be found in a separate paper
by Mr. Pergande.) I might state that several species of
the smaller bees, which are evidently new, I have re-
frained from describing, as a lack of Mexican material
renders their identification ambiguous.
TENTHREDINIDA.
Prenus sp. El Paraiso, L. Cal. (//aznes). May.
NEMATUS (?) sp. Same locality as the preceding.
ICHNEUMONIDZ.
ENICOSPILUS (OPHION) GLABRATUS Say. Comondu
(Haines) March, and San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (sez).
1é and 2 females.
ENICOSPILUS (OPHION) PURGATUS Say. Margarita
Island, L. Cal. (Afaznes). March. Two females.
LIMNERIA Sp. One ?. San Quintin, L. Cal. (/aznes).
May.
AGRYPON sp. San Julio, L.-Cal. (f/ames). Apmil
Ome ?*.
EIPHOSOMA AZTECA Cress. One ¢. Comondu, L.
Cal. (Haines). March.
EXETASTES FUSCIPENNIS Cress. Two females. Mar-
garita Island, L. Cal. (A/aznes). March.
Exocuus sp. One broken ¢. Comondu, Ua @ar
(flatnes). March.
CRYPTUS CALLIPTERUS Say. Two females, 13 males.
San Quintin, San Borgia and El Paraiso (/Zaznes). May.
BRACONID.
IPHIAULAX (BRACON) MONTIVAGUS Cress. Two males.
San Julio, L. Cal. (Afaines). April.
IPHIAULAX (BRACON) EURYGASTER Brullé. One male.
San Quintin, L. Cal. (Haznes). May.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 3
BRACON spp. Four species not identified, trom several
localities (//azves).
RuyssAtus sp. One 6. Margarita Island, L. Cal.
(Haines). March.
CAINOPHANES spp. Three species of this genus, not
identified. El] Paraiso (flares). May.
RuoGas ATRICEPS Cress. Margarita Island, L. Cal.
(Haines). May.
APANTELES spp. Two species. Margarita Island and
San Julio, L. Cal. (/faznes).
Acatuis sp. El] Rosario, L. Cal. (Haines). May.
MIcRODUS ANNULIPES (?) Cress. Magdalena Island,
L. Cal. (Haines). March. Of this specimen Mr Ash-
mead writes: ‘‘I am not entirely satisfied the specimen
named here as Microdus annulipes Cr. is really that
species, although it agrees fairly well with the description,
except that the second segment is usually black. It is
probably a variety.”’
CRATOSPILA MEXICANA Ashm. n. sp.*
CHALCIDIDZA.
CHALCURA CALIFORNICA Ashm. One 2. Comondu,
ie Cale (CHacves).. March.
EurRyYTOMA spp. Two species of this genus. San
Jorge and San José de Gracias (/faznes). March and
April.
SMIGRA BIOCULATA “Cress. One 6. San LInis, L.
Cale Caines). April:
Torymus sp. One 2. No precise locality (//aznes).
Torymus Harnest Ashm. n. sp.T
* The description of this species will be published later.
t The description of this species will be published later.
4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CHRYSIDIDZ.
CHRYSIS SONORENSIS Cam. One specimen. San Este-
bamjelee Cals ~CAlaznes). uApiil.
CHRYSIS SELENIA Costa. Six specimens. San José del
Cabo (£#zsew) and Comondu, L. Cal. (/faznes). March.
PARNOPES CHRYSOPRASINA Sm.
Although this species was described from North Caro-
lina and to my knowledge has not been recorded from
any other locality, I feel compelled to refer a specimen
from San Borgia, L. Cal. (/famnes) May, to it, as the
specimen fits the description perfectly. It seems to me
that Smith has probably given an erroneous locality for
this species. Should this specimen prove not to be
chrysoprasina, then it is a new species, as it is distinct
from both Kdwardsi and fulvicornis.
MUTILLIDA.
SPH £ROPHTHALMA oORCUuS Cress. Five females. Santa
Maria, L. Cal. (Afaznes) May; Hermosillo, Sonora (£7-
sen) April. ‘The pubescence on abdomen of this species
varies from fulvous to bright carmine.
SPH4#ROPHTHALMA SACKENII Cress. One ¢. San
José del Cabo, L. Cal. (#zsez).
SPHZROPHTHALMA MAGNA Cress. Fourfemales. San
José del Cabo (#7sex) and San Esteban, L. Cal. (Haznes)
April.
SPHAROPHTHALMA ERUDITA Cress. San José del
Cabo, E..i@al. (Zzsen). ~Onexemale:
SPHZROPHTHALMA GLORIOSA Sauss. San Esteban,
April, and San Borgia, May (//azves), San José del Cabo
(Eisen). This species seems to have been overlooked
by previous authors as it is neither in Blake’s Monograph
of the Mutillide, nor in Cresson’s ‘‘ Catalogue.’’ It is
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 5
related to Sackenz?, from which it will be at once dis-
tinguished by the reddish body-color.
PHOTOPSIS CASTANEUS Cress. El Paraiso, L. Cal.
(Haines) May.
PHOTOPSIS NEBULOSUS BI. Five specimens. El] Pa-
raiso, May, and Calmalli Mines, L. Cal., April (AZaznes).
These specimens are very large for this species.
PHOTOPSIS GLABRELLUS Cress. San José del Cabo, L.
Cal. (Zzsen). One specimen.
PHOTOPSIS INCOoNsPICUUS Bl. Margarita Island, L.
Cal. (Haines). March. One specimen.
Puotopsis spp. ‘Twospecies, not identified. Comon-
du (March) and Calmalli Mines, L. Cal. (Haznes).
Puotopsis Nokomis Bl. Two specimens. San Jose
delGabpo, L.Cal--( Azer). Lhe color of the abdomen
in this species varies from dark ‘* honey-yellow ”’ to black.
PHOTOPSIS NIGRIVENTRIS N. sp.
6 .—Head scarcely as wide as the thorax, hind angles
rounded; vertex with strong, sparse punctures, those on
the front closer and not quite so strong; ocelli large and
prominent; scape punctured; mandibles strongly punc-
tured at base, which is produced outwardly into a strong
angular lamina or tooth. Clypeus strongly depressed:
thorax with coarse punctures, those on the prothorax,
metapleure: and scutellum more or less confluent and
those on dorsulum sparsest; the metathorax covered with
large fovee or pits, the base with a strong ridge medially,
extending about one-fourth the length of the metathorax,
on each side of this ridge there is a somewhat oblique and
shorter ridge; legs not at all spinose; abdomen fusiform,
the first segment above with strong, separated punctures,
beneath on same segment the punctures are stronger and
confluent, dorsalsegments 2-6 with fine punctures, which
6 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
are sparsest on second segment, ventrally these seg-
ments are more strongly punctured, particularly on the
second segment; wings subhyaline, stigma brown, nerv-
ures yellowish, with two submarginal cells (there is,
however, faint traces of a third); head and thorax of a
ferruginous brown, the antennz, palpi, tegule and legs
honey-yellow; abdomen, except first segment, which is
colored like thorax, and the ocellar region, black; man-
dibles with long golden hair, the rest of the insect with
long, rather dense, pale pubescence; segments of ab-
domen at apex with a fringe of short, white pubescence ;
the last dorsal segment with brown pubescence. Length,
16-18 mm.
Two specimens. San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (4zsez).
PuHotopsis BLAKEII n. sp.
6 .—Head scarcely as wide as the thorax, hind angles
rounded; vertex with strong, sparse punctures, those on
the front not much closer nor feebler: ocelli large and
prominent, the hind pair situated in strong pits; scape
punctured; outer margin of mandibles, with exception of
a slight emargination in middle, entire; thorax with coarse
punctures, those on prothorax and mesopleure more or
less confluent; scutellum with strong and not confluent
punctures; metathorax covered with large pits or fovee,
the base with a strong ridge medially, which extends over
one-third the length of the metathorax, on each side of
this ridge there is a much shorter, oblique ridge; legs not
at all spinose; abdomen fusiform, the first segment with
feeble and sparse punctures; the remaining segments
seem to be impunctate; ventrally the second segment has
a few scattered punctures; wings subhyaline, nervures
and stigma honey-yellow: two submarginal cells; head,
thorax and abdomen of a ferruginous brown, the antenne,
palpi, tegule and legs honey-yellow: ocellar region and
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 7
sides of abdomen faintly blackish; the whole insect is
clothed with a long, pale pubescence; segments of ab-
domen not fringed. Length, 16 mm.
Two specimens. San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (#7sev).
In one specimen the ridges on metathorax are very
short.
BRACHYCISTIS gen. nov.
General appearance of Photopsis. Width of the head
variable. Eyes large rounded-ovate, their inner margin
sinuous. Ocelli large, prominent, placed in the form of
a triangle. Antenne long, 13-jointed, situated very low
down, its scape and pedicellum united shorter than first
joint of flagellum. Mandibles strong, tridentate at apex.
Pronotum situated far below level of dorsulum, which ts
very strongly convex; wings ample, st7zgma large, one very
short, truncate marginal, which has a short appendicu-
lation at apex; three submarginal cells, the second of
which is usually triangular and sometimes petiolate, ve-
current nervures received by the second and third submar-
ginal cells. Legs not spinose, the middle tibia with one
spur, their coxe tolerably well separated. ‘Tarsal claws
curved, unarmed. Abdomen elongate, the form of the
first segment varying from petiolate to sessile with the
second segment, at the apex there is a single strong
curved hook or spine, which projects beyond the seventh
ventral segment and curvesupward. Size variable, 6-15
mm. Type, B. petzolatus n. sp.
This genus, the 4 only of which is known, as is like-
wise the case with several other allied genera, looks on
first sight to be Photopsis, but the larger stigma, the re-
current nervures being received by second and third sub-
marginal cells and the one-spurred middle tiba, will at
once distinguish it. The sculpture is much less strongly
marked than in Photops7s, some species being very smooth
8 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
and glabrous. Into this genus will fall the following
species of Photopsis:
P. ampla Blake, nztida Cresson, alcanor Blake, atrata
Blake, sobrina Blake, /epida Blake, castanea Cresson and
glabrella Cress. and the following new species:
BRACHYCISTIS PETIOLATUS N. sp.
6 .—Black, the antennz, mandibles, tegule and legs
except coxe and hind femora medially, pale-testaceous;
the pro- and metathorax, first segment of abdomen, coxe
and hind femora medially, castaneus; the whole insect is
sparsely clothed with long, pale-fuscous hairs; dorsulum
indistinctly punctured, the mesopleure distinctly so;
metathorax coarsely granulated or roughened, impressed
medially, the sides smooth: wings hyaline, stigma pale
testaceous, marginal cell very narrow, second submar-
ginal cell with a long petiole; abdomen petiolate, the first
segment or petiole thickened to the apex and is coarsely
punctured. Length 7-8 mm. .
Fourteen specimens, Calmalli Mines, L. Cal. (/Zaznes).
April.
SCOLUDZ.
MyZInE sp. Eight ¢ specimens of a species related
to MZ. fuliginosus. San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (£zsen).
PARATIPHIA ALBILABRIS Spin. Three female and fifteen
male specimens, collected by Haines, Calmalli Mines and
San Julio, L. Cal. (April), San Borgia (May). The
male is very variable in size.
SCOLIA BADIA Sauss. San José del Cabo, L. Cal.
(Eisen). One female.
ELiIs TOLTECA Sauss. About two hundred specimens
of this species, evidently all females. It varies greatly
in size, from 13-24 mm. Saussure gives measurement of
one specimen as 28 mm.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 9
POMPILIDZ.
PompiLus a:THIOPS Cress. Two female specimens.
El Paraiso, L. Cal. (aznes). May.
POMPILUS TENEBROSUS Cress. San Jorge, L. Cal.
(Haines). March. Two females.
PLANICEPS CONCOLOR Sm. Two females, which I refer
doubttully to this species, as they are much larger than
the measurements given by Smith, although otherwise
agreeing with the description. San Julio and Magdalena
Island, L. Cal. (Hanes). March and April.
MYGNIMIA MEXICANA Cress. San Julio, L. Cal.
(Haines). April. One small female.
PEPSIS ORNATA Lep. San José del Cabo, L. Cal.
(Eisen). One male.
PEPSIS RUBRA Drury. Ten females, five males. San
José del Cabo (£Zvsex), and Calmalli Mines, L. Cal.
(Haines), May; Hermosillo, Sonora (Z7sen), April.
SPHECIDZ.
SCELIPHRON LUCa Sauss.. San José del Cabo, L.
Cal. (Z£vsen). Three females, one male.
SCELIPHRON (Chalybion) c#RULEUM Linné. San José
del Cabo, L. Cal. (#7sen). One male.
SCELIPHRON (Chalybion) ZIMMERMANNI Dhlb. San
José del Cabo, L. Cal. (#7zsen). One female.
AMMOPHILA VARIPES Cress. Three females. San
Quintin (May), San Esteban and Lower Purisima, L.
Cal. (Haines). April. One male, San José del Cabo,
L. Cal. (Z7zsen).
AMMOPHILA LUCTUOSA Sm. Two females. San Jorge,
L. Cal. (Haines). March.
SPHEX CALIGINosus Er. One female. Hermosillo,
Sonora (Z7sen). April.
IO CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
SPHEX (/sodontia) ELEGANS Sm. San José del Cabo,
Cal. (Zzsex): “One female.
TRYPOXYLON sp.? A species related to 7. clavatum
Say, but the hind tarsi are entirely black. Calamujuet,
iE Cal. (7Zaznes) 7 May.
STENIOLIA DUPLICATA Prov. (=scolopacea Hdl.) San
José del Cabo (#zsen), Magdalena Island, March, Lower
Purisima and San José de Gracias, April (Hfaznes). The
size and markings seem to vary considerably in this
species.
MoNEDULA SPECIOSA Cress. One male. El Paraiso,
iCall, (anes). May:
MoNEDULA MAMMILLATA Hand.
I very doubtfully refer three male specimens from
Lower Purisima, L. Cal. (/faznes) April, to this species.
While agreeing tolerably well with the description of
mammillata, yet the markings on abdomen are different,
and when the locality of mammzllata (Georgia) is con-
sidered, I scarcely think these specimens are that species.
For the present, however, I can do nothing more than re-
fer them to it.
BEMBEX OCCIDENTALIS N. sp.
? .—Black, the head, thorax and first abdominal seg-
ment rather densely clothed with ashy pubescence, which
is longest on front and vertex; clypeus, labrum, man-
dibles except tips, inner and posterior orbits, scape ex-
cept black line above, flagellum beneath, prothorax ex-
cept the middle anterior portion above, tubercles, large,
somewhat angular mark on mesopleure, a smaller spot
behind it beneath the wings, greater part of tegule, a line
on each extreme side of the dorsulum, narrow line on
posterior portion of scutellum and post scutellum, that on
the former formed into a spot on each side, a transverse,
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. at
curved line, extending from side to side at apex of upper
face of metathorax, large spot on metapleura which is
emarginate above, legs entirely, including the coxe, a
broad fascia on abdominal segments 1-5, that on the first
greatly narrowed medially, that on the second scarcely
narrowed, but enclosing two transversely-ovate black
spots, on third, fourth and fifth segments the fascie have
two strong emarginations on anterior margin and a weaker
one on posterior margin in the middle, sixth dorsal seg-
ment entirely and fascize on ventral segments which (the
fascie) are more or less variable, all sulphur-yellow;
wings clear hyaline, nervures brownish; antenne rather
long, reaching beyond the tegule, the first joint of flagel-
lum fully as long as the second, third and half of the
fourth united; clypeus and labrum indistinctly punc-
tured; thorax microscopically punctured; posterior face
of metathorax with a large triangular depression at top;
tibiz and tarsi strongly spinose; anterior tarsi with a
well developed comb, the spines of which are shortest
basally, the longest spines equal fully the length of the
first joint; abdomen very finely shagreened. Length
21-23 mm.
6 .—Markings and coloration similar to the female, al-
though the coxe and trochanters are more or less black;
antenne scarcely reaching beyond tegule, joints 7-9
dentate beneath; legs armed as in the female; second
ventral segment with a strong, longitudinal central keel,
which is more prominent apically; sixth ventral with two
approximate teeth, which, when viewed from the side,
appear as one. Length, 20-21 mm.
Reno, Nevada (//7//man); California (coll. Am. Ent.
Soc:), and San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (Zzsen). Related
to and closely resembles B. nudbilipennis Cress., from
which it usually can be distinguished by the hyaline wings:
I2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
however, the wings of xabz/cpennis are sometimes hyaline,
so too much reliance must not be placed on that charac-
ter. The greater length of the antenne and longer tarsal
comb will help in separating the females, while the form
of armature on ventral segments two and six will dis-
tinguish the males.
BremsBex Luc Cress. El Paraiso and San Borgia, L.
Cal. (Hames). May. This species seems to be unde-
scribed, the name Luce being a manuscript one.
GORYTES EXIMIUS Prov. Onefemale. El Paraiso, L.
Cal. (//aznes). May.
MASARIDZ.
MASARIS MACULIFRONS N. sp.
¢.—Head and thorax with coarse, close punctures,
having the appearance of being granulated, the punctures
most distinct on the prothorax above and on the dorsulum
anteriorly; abdomen with exceedingly fine and close
punctures; marginal cell truncate at tip; deep black, sub-
opaque; a large semi-oval spot on clypeus at base (the
sides of the spot are emarginate), a pyriform spot just
above the insertion of antenna, a spot in the eye emargin-
ation, posterior orbits narrowly, an oblique elongate mark
on each shoulder, posterior margin of pronotum, outer
margin of tegule, large spot on mesopleure, spot at
apex of scutellum, and the angles of the metathorax
whitish; abdominal segments 1-5 above with their apical
margins whitish, that on the first, second and third seg-
ments interrupted on each side of the middle, so that it
represents three separate marks or spots, the laterals of
which are largest, ventrally the second segment has a
small spot on each extreme side, the third with a medially
interrupted fascia at apex, and the fourth with four small
spots, all whitish; the head and thorax are clothed with
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 1 34
a short, erect pale-fuscous pubescence, wings subhyaline,
fuscous in places, iridescent, stigma ferruginous, nervures
black; tibiz and tarsi more or less ferruginous. Length,
II mm.
El Paraiso, L. Cal. (Haines). May. Related to ™.
marginalis Cresson, from which it may be distinguished
by the spots on clypeus and scutellum, and by the coarse
sculpture of head and thorax. From the other North
American species, the white ornamentation will distin-
guish it.
EUMENIDZ.
ODYNERUS TOLTECUS Sauss. Hermosillo. Sonora.
April. (#zsen). One 6 specimen.
ODYNERUS MYSTECUS Sauss. San José de Gracias, L.
Cal. (Hammes). April. Two specimens 2 ¢. The 2
differs from Saussure’s description in having two ‘free
spots ’” on second abdominal segment.
ODYNERUS sp. Two specimens of a species related to
mystecus. Hermosillo, Sonora (# sen). April.
ODYNERUS SAUSSUREI n. sp.
? .—Clypeus pyriform, with a few coarse punctures,
strongest towards middle; the clypeus has also some
coarse, longitudinal folds or striw, its anterior margin
with two rather widely separated teeth; front with dense,
coarse punctures, which gradually become weaker and
sparser towards the vertex until they disappear entirely on
the occiput, the latter with a slight depression in the
middle; thorax as coarsely punctured as the front, but
not so closely; lateral angles of pronotum not dentate;
metathorax with its concave face, with a few irregular
striations, which are most distinct on apical portion, the
lateral angles rather sharp; first and second dorsal ab-
dominal segments, with exception of the apical border of
14 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the second, impunctate; the remaining segments coarsely
punctured, the second ventral sparsely so; black, a curved
mark around base of clypeus; anterior margin of pro-
notum, two spots on each tegula, spot beneath base ot
wing and the postscutellum, whitish: apical margins of
first and second dorsal and second ventral segment, also
whitish, that on second ventral interrupted medially;
wings, with exception of the marginal and median cells,
which are fuscous, hyaline, nervures and stigma black;
legs entirely black. Length, 12 mm.
San José del Cabo, LL. Cal. (47sen)>. Related to
Megera, foraminatus and leucomelas, but is very distinct
from all three.
VESPIDA.
POLISTES CARNIFEX Sauss. A variety of this species.
San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (#7zsen). Two specimens:
POLISTES BELLICOSA ‘Cress. -El Paraiso, aire ay
(7lavnes). May. One-specimen. There are: in) the
collection three other species of this genus, which at
present I am unable to identify.
ANDRENID.
Hatictus spp. Two specimens, representing two
species. San José de Gracias and San Jorge, L. Cal.
HALICTUS DESERTUS Sm. One ¢. Lower Purisima,
iCal. (Haines). April:
AGAPOSTEMON sp. One 6. San Jorge, L. Cal.
(Hanes). March. This species occurs also in the United
States.
ANDRENA spp. Two species of this genus, collected
by Haines in March at the following localities, viz.: Co-
mondu, El Paraiso and Margarita Island, L. Cal.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 15
APID Al.
PANURGUS HALICTOIDES nN. sp.
? .—Head and thorax coppery-green, the abdomen tes-
taceous; front and clypeus finely and closely punctured,
clothed sparsely with white pubescence; mandibles fer-
ruginous, darker at tips; flagellum beneath testaceous;
the cheeks with white pubescence; punctuation of the
dorsulum more distinct than that of the front; upper sur-
face of metathorax depressed and covered with strong,
somewhat irregular radiating ridges; the posterior face
of metathorax finely punctured; the whole thorax is
more or less covered with pale pubescence, which is
shortest and sparsest on dorsulum and scutellum and long-
est on the mesopleure; legs and abdomen testaceous,
more or less clothed with the usual pale pubescence, the
apical segment of the abdomen has the pubescence
somewhat fuscous; tegule testaceous; wings hyaline,
iridescent, nervures and stigma brownish. Length 4
mm.
One specimen. San José de Gracias, L. Cal. (Haznes).
April. This species resembles greatly some of the
smaller green species of //alictus, but can be distin-
guished from them by possessing but two submarginal
cells.
CALLIOPSIS sp. San Julio, L. Cal. (Haznes). One
specimen, evidently a new species.
CALLIOPSIS MARGARITENSIS nN. sp.
? .—Deep shining black, sparsely clothed with whitish
pubescence; clypeus with large, deep and separated
punctures and is tolerably well produced anteriorly ; man-
dibles reddish at tips; front and face with fine punctures,
those on the face sparse, while those between the antenna
and ocelli are compact, the punctures also sparse on the
vertex; flagellum beneath testaceous; dorsulum with
16 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
fine, indistinct punctures, shining; scutellum lkewise
and not impressed; metathorax above at base witha
rather narrow transverse, curved, depression, which is
rugose within; tegule testaceous; wings subhyaline,
strongly iridescent, nervures and stigma brownish, sec-
ond submarginal cell if anything narrowed a little less
than one-half at the top; tarsi apically testaceous, their
pubescence slightly brownish; abdomen with the apical
margins of the segments, particularly the dorsal ones,
testaceous, the last segment with subfuscous pubescence;
the ventral segments are rather strongly punctured.
Length, 5-5% mm.
Four specimens. Margarita Island, L. Cal. (//aznes).
March. Resembles very much our ornatipes and albi-
tarsts, but the dorsulum is much more finely punctured
than in either.
PERDITA sp. One specimen. Calmalli Mines, L. Cal.
(ffaines). April.
PERDITA SPARSA N. sp.
? .—Head and thorax light metallic green, clothed with
pale pubescence; clypeus in the middle, glabrous, im-
punctate, on the sides rather strongly punctured; front
with strong sparse punctures, very strongly furrowed
down the middle; antennz black, the flagellum beneath
testaceous; mandibles black, reddish at tips; labrum
black, with a very wide, longitudinal depression in the
middle; dorsulum and scutellum with distinct, separated
punctures, the metathorax, at least the upper surface,
smooth; legs testaceous, with pale pubescence, the apex
of fore femora and the fore and medial tibiz in front, yel-
low; a longitudinal, ovate mark on clypeus in middle,
two smaller marks on each side of it, the inner orbits as
far as their middle, two spots on prothorax above, tu-
bercles and tegule, all yellowish or whitish; wings hya-
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 17)
line, iridescent, nervures pale-fuscous, the stigma in the
middle pale; abdomen testaceous, the first segment above
with two small lateral spots, the second basally with a
transverse band, which is narrowed medially, the third
and fourth segments with a somewhat similar band, ex-
cept that it is not so narrow and is interrupted medially,
all yellow, the apical segments clothed with pale pube-
scence, the last segment reddish. Length, 7 mm.
Var. 2.—The greater part of clypeus, sides of face,
labrum, mandibles and anterior tarsi yellow; the two spots
on first abdominal segment coalesce and form a narrow
and sinuous band, the band on second segment not nar-
rowed medially.
6 .—Much smaller than the 2; labrum, mandibles,
sides of face, spot between antennz, scape and greater
part of flagellum entirely, yellow; the head very finely
and closely punctured; thorax more finely and closely
punctured than in the female; the metathorax also finely
punctured; bands on the abdomen narrower and are all
interrupted medially; the apex of all the femora are yel-
lowish. Length, 5 mm.
Two ? andone 6. Margarita and Magdalena Islands
(Haines). March. Related to a/bzpennis and zonalis,
from which it differs by the sparse punctuation of the
front, etc. The 4 may be distinguished from that of
8-maculata by the paler green of the head and thorax,
and by the almost entirely yellow color of the antenna.
PERDITA VENTRALIS N. sp.
? .—Head and thorax dark metallic green, sparsely
clothed with pale pubescence; face and clypeus with fine,
close punctures, the punctures becoming finer on the front
and vertex; labrum with a pit or depression at base; the
cheeks at the bottom are armed with a strong, blunt tooth;
frontal impressed line scarcely distinct; mandibles, except
2p SmER., Vou. IV. (2) September 14, 1893.
18 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY* OF SCIENCES.
tips, labrum, clypeus, a spot beneath the insertion of each
antennez, and the antenne beneath, yellow; the latter
above testaceous; dorsulum and scutellum glabrous,
seemingly impunctate; metathorax at extreme base trans-
versely roughened; tegule and greater part of four an-
terior legs yellow, the hind legs testaceous; wings hyaline,
iridescent, the nervures and stigma fuscous-white; ab-
domen testaceous, with an irregular band on segments
2-5, which is emarginate posteriorly; ventrally the ab-
domen is entirely yellow, in some specimens stained with
testaceous at base and apex; the apical segments are
sparsely clothed with pale pubescence. Length, 4 mm.
Three specimens. Margarita Island, L. Cal. (//aznes).
March. The entirely yellow ventral segments of the ab-
domen will distinguish this species.
PERDITA ARCUATA 0. Sp.
6 .—Head and thorax dark metallic green, sparsely
clothed with pale pubescence; clypeus with rather fine,
not very close punctures, its anterior margin strongly and
widely arcuated; antenna separated by a rather strong
ridge, which extends from base of clypeus almost to
anterior ocellus; front and vertex with exceedingly fine
and close punctures; cheeks rather sparsely punctured,
not dentate beneath; antenne dark fuscous, dorsulum
and scutellum very finely and closely punctured; tegulz
testaceous; wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures and stigma
testaceous; the second submarginal cell is almost triangu-
lar, being greatly narrowed above; legs brownish with
white pile, the fore femora at tips and tibiz in front,
yellow; abdomen black, the apical margins of the seg-
ments broadly rufo-testaceous; the mandibles, except
tips, and the labrum are yellow. Length, 4 mm.
Two specimens. Calmalli Mines, L. Cal. (/aznes).
April. This species belongs to Smith’s genus, J/acrotera,
which Cresson regards as a synonym of Perdta.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. IQ
EPEOLUS OCCIDENTALIS Cr. Two 2 and one 4 speci-
mens. Margarita Island, L. Cal. (Hazes). March.
ERICROCIS RUGOSA n. sp.
$.—Labrum rounded anteriorly, coarsely rugose ;
upper partof front and the vertex with distinct, but not deep,
separated punctures; ocelli forming almost a straight
line; antenne not reaching the apex of the tegule, the
flagellum scarcely narrowed to the apex, joint one of
flagellum a little shorter than the second, which is a little
longer than the third, joints 3-9 are about equal in length,
the last joint longest; dorsulum and scutellumsub-opaque,
impunctate, the scutellum strongly bituberculate, the
tubercles round and not dentate; legs robust, particularly
the hind pair; fourth ventral abdominal segment with its
apical margin somewhat reflexed. Black, the flagellum
beneath reddish-brown; front, clypeus,thorax onthe sides
and on the dorsulum anteriorly, three small patches on
the scutellum and dorsulum, abdominal segments 1-5 with
a large transverse patch on each side, either a dirty
yellowish-white or tawny*, the abdominal patches are on
the first segment ovate, on the second segment much
narrowed medially, and broadened on outer end, as are
likewise those remaining; on the thorax beneath the
pubescence is whitish; legs brownish, black in spots, the
tibie at base on outer side with a patch of pale pubescence:
wings sub-hyaline, the apical portion, including a part of
the marginal cell, stained with brownish, nervures ferru-
ginous; tegule and the apical margins of the abdominal
segments testaceous. Length, 12mm.
Santa Maria, L. Cals (Haines). May.
HERIADEs sp. San Luis, L. Cal. (Hanes). April.
“The specimen having been in alcohol, leaves me in some doubt as to
the original color of the pubescence.
20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ANTHIDIUM CALIFORNICUM Cress. San Esteban, L.
Cal. (/faznes). April. Differs from the typical form in
having the pubescence on thorax pale and by lacking the
yellow markings on legs.
LITHURGUS OBLONGUS 0. sp.
@ .—Labrum about as long as the mandibles, broadest
basally, coarsely and sparsely punctured, and just before
the apex bears a very strong, transverse ridge (in shape
the labrum is somewhat oblong): mandibles with coarse
punctures, much contracted on inner side at about the
middle, the apex tridentate; clypeus produced into a
broad flap-like projection, the fore margin of which is
broadly emarginate, its upper surface very coarsely punc-
tured and strongly furrowed down the middle; between
insertion of antenne there is a strong convexity; front
and vertex strongly and evenly punctured, the front more
strongly so; ocelli forming a curve, placed in pits; on the
vertex extending back a short distance, and dividing the
hind ocelli there is a strong impression; dorsulum and
scutellum punctured about like the front; first abdominal
segment, the basal portion of segments 2-5, and the
sixth entirely, above, with the punctuation finer than on
the remainder of the abdomen. Black, the tegule
yellowish-testaceous; sides of face, front behind the an-
tenne, cheeks, thorax and abdomen more or less with
white pubescence, dorsal abdominal segments 1-5 with a
short fringe of white pubescence; ventral scopa whitish;
pubescence on inner side of tarsi brownish; wings hya-
line, nervures and stigma black; mandibles fringed with
golden-brown hair. Length, 13 mm.
San Ignacio, L. Cal. (ffaznes). April.
MEGACHILE MEXICANA Cress. Six females. San José
deli@abo. Cal: i( zsen).
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 2
MEGACHILE. POLLICARIS Cress. One female. El
Paraiso, L. Cal. (Afaines). May.
MEGACHILE EXILIS Cress. One male. San Ignacio,
Ie Cal. (Alaines). . April.
CERATINA sp. Evidently a new species. Margarita
island, t.'Cal, (A/azmes). March.
MELISSODES SUFFUSA Cr. One female. San José del
Cabo, L. Cal. (#zsen). There are in the collection four
other species of this genus, which I have been unable
to identify.
DIADASIA APACHA Cress. J/elissodes apacha Cr. Proc.
Meade Nats oc ehila., 1676, p. 207.- Mive: specimens.
San Julio, San Esteban and San José de Gracias (April),
El Paraiso (May). All collected by Haines.
DIADASIA ENAVATA Cress. One male. Comondu,
ieeCal. (Hames). March.
DIADASIA DIMINUTA Cress. One male. San José de
Gracias, 1, Cal.'( aes); “April.
ANTHOPHORA MACULIFRONS Cress. One female. San
José del Cabo, L. Cal. ( £zsen).
ANTHOPHORA sp. San Esteban, L. Cal. (/faznes).
April. A species closely allied to A. urbana Cress.
ANTHOPHORA sp. San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (sez).
Occurs also in California proper. A small species re-
lated to A. exzgua Cr.
XYLOCOPA ARIZONENSIS Cress. Comondu (March),
El Rancho Viejo (April) and El Paraiso (April and May).
Collected by Haines. Six females.
XYLOCOPA ORPIFEX Sm. Comondu (March), El Pa-
raiso (May). Collected by Haines. Seven females, one
male.
XyuLocopa sp. A large black species, which may be
22 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the aenzpennis DeG. San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (£7zsen).
Twenty females, nineteen males.
XYLOCOPA VARIPUNCTATA Patt. Five females, two
males. This species is closely allied to the West Indian
X. cubecola, but is larger, the vertex is more closely
punctured and the wings of the female are darker. The
6 is as in cubeco/a entirely fulvous. San José del Cabo
(Eisen) and Comondu (/fazves), March.
CENTRIS LANOSA Cress. San José del Cabo (£7zsen),
Calmalli Mines, April and Calamujuet, May (//aznes),
and Hermosillo, Sonora (#7sen) April. This species is
very likely identical with C. mexzcana Sm.
CentTrRis sp. A male specimen from San José del
Cabo, L. Cal. (#zsen), which is evidently a new species,
but unfortunately is too poor for describing, having been
in alcohol. The whole insect is covered with a dense
ashy-grey pubescence.
CENTRIS EISENII n. sp.
® —Black; a-transverse mark on anterior part jon
clypeus, from the middle of which there extends a line
nearly to the base of clypeus, sides of face, labrum and
spot at base of mandibles, whitish-yellow; flagellum be-
neath except first joint, testaceous; front and cheeks
clothed with whitish pubescence, that on the vertex a very
dark brown; dorsulum and scutellum with a brownish-
yellow pubescence, darkest on anterior part of dorsulum;
the thorax on sides and beneath with pubescence similar
to that on the cheeks; the four anterior legs clothed
with a short brown pubescence in front, behind with
long whitish pubescence; scopa of posterior legs darker
than the pubescence on sides of thorax and much paler
than that on the dorsulum; abdomen above sparsely
clothed with a short black pubescence, the second, third,
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 23
fourth and fifth segments with a broad, bright yellow
band; ventrally the abdomen on the sides is fulvous, the
middle part black, segments two to five with a fringe of
long, white pubescence; wings sub-hyaline, nervures and
stigma black; clypeus strongly and sparsely punctured;
labrum densely clothed with pale pubescence, which is
longest anteriorly. Length, 16-20 mm:
Guaymas, Mex. (/7sen). May. Resembles very much
and is related to Centris fasciata Smith, from Jamaica,
but is distinct in having the pygidium larger, the pubes-
cence on thorax darker and the scape is entirely black.
BoMBUS CALIFORNICUS Sm. El Rosario, L. Cal.
(Haines). May. ‘Two specimens.
BoMBUS SONORENSIS Say. San José del Cabo (£vsez)
and Comondu (/faznes), L. Cal. March. Seven females
and six neuters.
Apis MELLIFICA Linn. San José del Cabo (£7zsen).
Calamujuet, San Borgia and E] Paraiso, L. Cal. (/Taines).
May. Numerous specimens.
ADDITIONAL SPECIES.
Since compiling the preceding paper Mr. Eisen has
sent me a small collection from San José del Cabo, which
contains the following additional species:
NOTOGONIA ARGENTATA Bve. (=Larra argentata Bve).
One 4 specimen.
POMPILUS CONNEXUS DN. sp.
@ .—Head {and thorax black; abdomen dark ferrugi-
nous; head, thorax and legs covered with a plumbeous or
cinereus pile, except the vertex, dorsulum and scutellum,
the pronotum above also lacks this pile medially, the pile
on its posterior margin connected with that on its anterior
portion by a narrow central line of pile; wings blue-
black, third submarginal cell not at all petiolate, with a
24 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
distinct radial or marginal side, and receives the second
recurrent nervure at about the middle; flagellum of an-
tenne not pilose, its first joint about as long as the sec-
ond and two-thirds of the third; clypeus slightly in-
curved medially; posterior margin of pronotum bowed
(in one specimen slightly sub-angular); metathorax with
a slightly impressed line; tibiz and tarsi armed with stout
spines; claws armed with an acute tooth near the base;
comb on fore tarsi composed of long and stout spines,
which are nearly as long as the first joint; longer spur
of hind tibia equal to about half the length of the first
hind tarsal joint; abdomen much longer than head and
thorax united, apically with a few black hairs. Length,
14-16 mm.
San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (#zsen). Two specimens.
Evidently related to P. apzculatus Smith, from Vera
Cruz.
AGAPOSTEMON NASUTUS Sm. Three specimens.
CENTRIS MUSTELINA N. sp.
? .—Head and thorax black, the abdomen and legs
tawny, mandibles at base and apex yellow; clypeus, la-
brum and first three or four joints of antenna also
tawny; flagellum beneath, particularly towards apex, tes-
taceous; head, thorax, first abdominal segment entirely,
a fringe at apex of fifth segment, and likewise at apex of
ventral segments, with pale ochraceous pubescence, that
on the clypeus very short and appressed; mandibles
fringed with long pubescence; hind tibia and tarsi dark
brownish, their pubescence tawny; wings sub-hyaline,
not iridescent; excluding the long hairs, the abdomen is
more or less covered witha short appressed pubescence;
apical ventral segment emarginate; tegule testaceous.
Length, 18 mm.
é .—Colored like the female, except that the most of
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 2
On
the clypeus and labrum is yellowish; pubescence on legs
very short when compared to the other sex; sixth dorsal
abdominal segment armed with a large tooth on each ex-
treme side, the seventh dorsal large, subquadrate, its sides
contracted, and with two strong, widely separated and
slightly converging ridges, which extend from the base
to near apex, the latter is slightly reflexed and black, the
last ventral segment is depressed on each side, the de-
pressions bounded outwardly by an oblique ridge, near
the apex of this segment there are two widely separated
tubercles, which are sometimes connected with the oblique
ridges which margin the lateral depressions. Length,
18 mm.
San José del Cabo, L. Cal. (Z#zsen). One 2 and eight
6 specimens.
EXOMALOPSIS PULCHELLA Cress. One female speci-
men, that seems to be this West Indian species.
ON A COLLECTION OF FORMICIDA FROM LOWER
CALIFORNIA AND SONORA, MEXICO.
BY THEO. PERGANDE.
The determination and description of Formicide can
only be accomplished in a satisfactory way if large series
ot specimens, taken from the colonies, are available for
examination and comparison. It was with some reluc-
tance, therefore, that I have undertaken the task of de-
termining the small collection of ants which was brought
together by Mr. Gustav Eisen and Mr. Chas. D. Haines
of San Francisco, Cal. If I have ventured to describe
some of the species as new, it has been done after a
thorough study of the literature on the subject and after
a careful comparison with the material at my command.
FORMICIDE.
I. CAMPONOTUS MACULATUS Fab., race OCREATUS Em.
One 8 major, one & minor. San Luis and San Es-
teban.
This race is found as far north as the Panamint Mount-
ains, Cal:
The description of this new race by Prof. C. Emery
will shortly be published in the Zoologische Jahrbicher.
2. CAMPONOTUS FRAGILIS N. sp.
S major: Length, 7-9 mm. MHoney-yellow; posterior
angles of the head, the femora and scale somewhat paler ;
the face between the eyes, the clypeus, disk of pro-
thorax and the abdomen above, except a broad anterior
margin of the second and third segments, brownish.
Scape blackish beyond the middle. Eyes black. Man-
dibles reddish. Pubescence yellowish, long and slender,
densest on the head, thorax and abdomen, sparse along
external edge of anterior femora, with a few hairs only
at the basal third or fourth of the external edge of the
2p SER., Vou. IV. September 19, 1893.
FORMICID4At FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 2
“I
median and posterior femora. A few shorter and stiffer
hairs may also be observed at the apex of the femora.
Appressed pubescence minute, intermixed on the scape
with fine, erect hairs. Head about one-third broader
than the thorax, broadest at posterior angles and gently
decreasing in width towards the mandibles, emarginate
behind, with the posterior angles rounded. Clypeus trun-
cate in front, its median carina distinct. Surface of head
and thorax densely and finely granulated and sparsely
punctured. Abdomen with a still finer sculpture and
somewhat transversely striated. Mandibles smooth, with
scattered piliferous punctures; their apical edge with six
black teeth. Antenne slender, the scape reaching a
little beyond the posterior angles of the head. Scale
ovoid, broadest beyond the middle, stoutest at base,
slightly arcuate in front, almost straight behind. Legs
long and slender.
6 minor: Length, 5-7 mm. General color somewhat
paler than in the 8 major, the head and thorax without
darker shadings, the abdomen either faintly brownish
or only the sutures somewhat darker. Median and pos-
terior femora almost white. Head about twice as long
as broad, scarcely broader than the thorax; its sides
parallel, rounded beyond the eyes. Antenne longer and
more slender, the scape reaching nearly to the meso-
thorax.
It is a very delicate looking species.
The % minor resembles very much that of Camp.
melleus Say, though it is smaller, more delicate, with
the head not emarginate. Camp. melleus differs from it
also in the absence of erect hairs on the scape and in the
stouter scale.
This species resembles also somewhat Camp. atlantis
Forel, differing from it however in the form of the cly-
258 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
peus, which, in that species, is narrower and considerably
extended beyond the insertion of the mandibles.
Many specimens. ‘Taken at San José del Cabo and at
San Fernando.
3. CAMPONOTUS FUMIDUS Rog.
Camp. fumidus Rog., Berl. Ent. Zeitsch., vii, p. 151.
One 9. San Julio:
4. CAMPONOTUS MARGINATUS LItr., var.
Formica marginata Ltr., Hist. Fourm., p. 103.
Camponotus marginatus Rog., Berl. Ent. Zts., 1862, p. 292.
Formica fallax Nyl., Form. Fr., p. 57.
Camponotus fallax Mayr, Europ. Form., p. 56.
Formica discolor Buckley, Pr. Ent. Soc. Phil., 1866, p. 166.
Formica San Sabeana, Buckley, ibid., p. 167.
One 8. San Julio.
This variety is black and polished, with the scape of
the antenna and the legs dark brownish.
Similar forms are found at Washington, D. C., and in
Florida. This form differs from them, however, in hav-
ing a distinct constriction or suture between the meso-
and metanotum and in the shape of the scale. It may
possibly represent a new species, though I am not pre-
pared to describe it as new from a single specimen.
5. CAMPONOTUS ERYTHROPUS D. sp.
% major, 5-7 mm; & minor,4—5mm. Opaque black,
the abdomen slightly polished. Mandibles and anterior
margin of head dark cherry-brown. Antenne, tibia and
tars1 reddish, the tarsi somewhat darker; rest of legs
black. In the smaller specimens the middle and posterior
tibia are sometimes blackish beyond the middle. Eyes
brown. Pubescence white, glistening, rather long and
quite profuse. Hairs on the head above insertion of an-
tennze as well as those on the thorax and base of first
abdominal segment finer and more slender than those on
the abdomen. Hairs in front of the insertion of the an-
FORMICIDA! FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 29
tenne and those on the mandibles, short and stiff. Pu-
bescence of the legs still shorter and more or less ap-
pressed, excepting a few longer and erect hairs at the
knees; a few longer hairs may also be observed on the
scape of the antenne.
Head of % major about one-half broader than the
thorax, though but slightly broader in the % minor; shghtly
longer than wide, somewhat broadest behind; its sides
above insertion of the antenna almost parallel, gently
curving towards the mandibles, distinctly emarginate
behind in the % major, but almost straight in the &
minor. Clypeus straight or but faintly emarginate in
front; its median carina rather indistinct. Frontal area
‘minute, triangular. Eyes ovoid and considerably above
the middle of the face, their upper edge almost in a line
with the upper angles of the frontal carina; those of the
% minor almost lateral. Antenna of the § major rather
stout, the scape scarcely reaching beyond posterior angles
of the head, more slender and longer inthe % minor.
Mandibles with five or six teeth, their basal half or more
finely striated, the rest smooth and with scattered pilifer-
ous punctures. Head and thorax finely and densely
granulated, with coarse punctures between the frontal
carine and short, radiating, linear depressions on the
vertex of the % major. Prothorax somewhat flattened
above.
Scale stout, broadest and truncate at apex, with the
hind angles rounded; of equal thickness from base to
about two-thirds its length; apical third inclining back-
ward; the posterior face perpendicular. Abdomen with
dense and fine transverse striae and scattered piliferous
punctures.
This species appears to be related to Camp. novogran-
adensis Mayr, from which it differs, however, in its
30 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
flattened and more angular prothorax, the stouter scale,
finer pubescence and in the coloration of antennae and
legs.
Described from many specimens, taken at San Esteban,
San Jorge, El Paraiso, San Julio, San José de Gracias
and San José del Cabo.
6. MyRMECOCYSTUS MEXICANUS Wesm.
Myrmecocystus mexicanus Wesm., Bull. Ac. r. sc. et bell. lett.
BEUxs Vay 630; ps a1:
One &. Santa Maria:
7. DORYMYRMEX PYRAMICUS Rog.
Prenolepis pyramicus Rog., Berl. Ent. Zts., 1863, p. 160.
Formica insana Buckley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1866, p. 165.
Dorymyrmex insanus McCook and var. flavus McCook, Cotton Ins.,
1879, pp. 185 and 186.
Two 8%. Magdalena Island.
Differs from the typical form only in the entirely black
antenne and legs.
8. TAPINOMA SESSILE Say, var.
Formica sessile Say, Boston Journ. N. H. §., I, p. 287.
Tapinoma boreale Rog., Berl. Ent. Zts., 1863, p. 165.
Tapinoma boreale Mayr, Myrm. Beitr., Sitzb. d. k. Acad. d. Wis-
sensch., lil, 1866.
Formica parva Buckl., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1866, p. 159.
Fifteen 8 8. Margarita Island and San Jorge.
The genus Tapinoma, as far as known at present, is
represented in North America by but one species with
numerous varieties, varying in size and coloration, all of
which pass so gradually from one to the other that it is
almost hopeless to separate them satisfactorily. The
present form is smaller and paler than most of those
found in the United States, and comes nearest to var. 7.
boreale Rog.; I hesitate, therefore, without having a
knowledge of the sexes, to describe this form as new.
FORMICIDA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 31
MYRMICIDZ.
g. PSEUDOMYRMA sp.
One %. Calmalli mines.
This may be but a variety of Pseuwdomyrma thoracica
Nort., though the specimen is only about half the size.
The principal difference appears to be its coloration.
Sufficient additional material would be needed to settle
the question of identity.
10, . ATTA-VERSICOLOR 0; sp.
%. Length, about 6 mm. Color reddish-brown.
Eyes and apical edge of mandibles, black. All de-
pressions and all prominences appear to be black in a
certain light, while the nodes and the abdomen, if viewed
from above or in certain directions from the side, have a
bright coppery reflection.
Head wider than long, deep and angularly emarginate
behind; a rather broad, shallow frontal channel and
laterally carinated area beyond insertion of antenne.
Posterior angles of head rounded and with a row of six
or more short denticles, the last one somewhat longest;
three or more teeth may also be observed along the pos-
terior ventral edge each side, the anterior one of which
being longest. Frontal lamina broad, somewhat longer
than wide, bifid at upper angle; interno-ocular carina
distinct, curved inwards. -Clypeus broadly triangular,
slightly arcuate in front, with a slight median emargina-
tion. Mandibles large, triangular, their apical edge al-
most straight and furnished with four to six blunt, rudi-
mentary teeth. Scape of antenne rather short, reaching
but little beyond posterior angles of the head. Thorax
of the usual shape in this genus.
Prothorax with two stout spines each side, the anterior
pair farthest apart, longest, inclining forward, the other
two stouter, directed backward and outward; two short,
32 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
stout, backward directed median tubercles or spines in
front of the middle of the mesothorax and a still shorter
one each side of them at the anterior margin. Meta-
thorax with a deep median depression, the upper edges
quite acute, terminating anteriorly in a small tooth-like
projection. Metathoracic spines rather long and slender,
curved backward and outward.
First node of petiole triangular from a lateral view, its
two dorsal and the lateral faces quite flat, the edges
acute; the upper edges are provided anteriorly with two
short, stout teeth, and laterally with two to three smaller
denticles each side; there is also a forward directed,
acute ventral tooth at base. Second node wider than
long, rounded in front and at sides, truncate behind, con-
cave above, the edges acute and beset with four or five
short, acute teeth; there is also a prominent lateral carina,
furnished with four or five teeth, and two ventral teeth.
Abdomen of the normal shape, the first segment with
a depressed median line, and each lateral half with about
twenty-five teeth, some of them bifid, arranged in irregu-
lar rows. The other segments without teeth or tubercles.
Head, pro- and mesothorax rugoso-granulate; the
metathorax, legs, nodes and abdomen densely and finely
granulate. Erect pubescence stiff and blackish, the
appressed pubescence yellowish.
Two %. Taken at Calamujuet.
This appears to be related to A. coronata Fab., which
differs from this species in the comparatively smoother
surface of every part of the body, the longer mandibles
and antenne, more numerous and longer denticles of the
head, much longer spines of the thorax, lower anterior
node and larger and more flattened posterior node of the
petiole.
FORMICIDZE FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 33
Iz. POGONOMYRMEX BADIUS Ltr.
Formica badia Ltr., Hist. Fourm., p. 238.
Myrmica californica Buckley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1867, p. 336.
Pogonomyrmex badius Mayr, Verh. d. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch.,
1870, p. 971.
One 8. San Fernando.
12. PoGONOMYRMEX BADIUS Ltr., var. ESTEBANIUS
n. var.
2. Length, about 9 mm. Color yellowish-red, the
abdomen darker; the first segment with broad, black-
ish apical and lateral margins. Eyes black. General
sculpture nearly identical with that of the typical form.
but slightly stronger on the declivity of the metanotum
and nodes. The first node is also somewhat larger, its
sides more parallel, and the apex of the hump not so
acute; while the stigma is black instead of being yellow.
%. Length, 6-7 mm. Color darker red than in the
typical form; the apical third, or more, of the abdomen
more or less blackish, and the nodes often brown; the
petiole is more slender and the first node longer and less
erect; the apex rounded or sometimes but slightly
pointed.
Two 2? and many §8 8. Calmalli Mines, San Es-
teban.
A few specimens from Margarita Island and San Bor-
gia have the entire abdomen and the first node black, or
very dark brown, while the second node is generally
either brown or reddish and only occasionally black.
13. APHA=NOGASTER PERGANDEI Mayr.
Aphenogaster Pergandei Mayr, Verh. d. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch.,
1886, p. 448.
Twenty 8%. San Borgia and Calamujuet.
This species has been found as far north as San Ber-
paramo Gor, Cal.
2D SER., Vou. IV. (3?) September 19, 1893
34 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
14. APHANOGASTER SONORZ N. sp.
%. Length, 7-9 mm. Reddish-brown; declivity of
metathorax, inner face of its thorns and more or less of
base of first abdominal segment reddish. Eyes blackish-
brown. The whole insect is highly polished and rather
sparsely beset with medium sized, erect, pale and glisten-
ing, stiff hairs, which are densest on the head and ventral
side of the abdomen, longest and finer on the under side
of the head, the coxe and ventral side of abdomen; those
on under side of head are longest and gently curved for-
ward, similar to those of Pogonomyrmex. Pubescence
of antenne shortest and somewhat appressed.
Head almost twice as long as broad, slightly broadest
at insertion of mandibles, gently rounded beyond the
eyes, with the posterior emargination almost semicircular,
and about as broad as the prothorax. Its surface is
densely and finely striated, the stria extending but little
beyond the eyes, except those along the middle of the
face, which extend a little farther back, their ends curv-
ing inward and becoming confluent. Spaces between
the striza dense but finely granulated. Lower portions of
cheeks and the vertex beyond the striz polished and
faintly shragreened. Clypeus broadly triangular, slightly
arcuate in front; the spaces between the stria smooth.
Frontal area small, triangular, smooth or faintly granu-
lated posteriorly. Mandibles large, densely striated, with
a few coarse, scattered punctures; their apical edge pro-
vided with two large teeth at the apex and two or three
rudimentary teeth along the edge. Antenne long and
slender, the scape reaching beyond the posterior margin
of the head; the first joint of the flagellum is about five
times as long as wide, the others gradually decreasing in
length, the last somewhat longer than the penultimate
joint.
FORMICIDZA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 35
Thorax much elongated, almost twice as long as the
head, the divisions but feebly indicated. Prothorax and
dorsum of mesothorax polished and delicately shagreened ;
the metathorax and sides of the mesothorax with dense,
transverse striae; the posterior declivity and thorns of the
metathorax smooth and polished, the thorns with longi-
tudinal striz at base. Thorns large, gently curved, in-
clining backward. Nodes of the petiole polished, faintly
shagreened, each with two longitudinal, impressed lines
above; the highest point of the first node slightly inclin-
ing forward; second node pyriform, stoutest posteriorly.
Abdomen highly polished, with scattered piliferous punc-
tures, those of the first segment prolonged posteriorly in
a depressed line of the length of the hairs. Legs long,
slender and highly polished, the hairs denser and shorter
than on the rest of the body.
Four % %. Hermosillo, Sonora.
This may possibly be but a variety of ADA. albisetosa
Mayr, from the description of which it appears to differ
in the shape and sculpture of the thorax.
I5. SOLENOPSIS GEMINATA Fab.
Atta geminates Fab., Syst. Piez., p. 423.
Myrmica paleata Lund, Ann. Sc. Nat., 1831, p. 116.
Solenopsis mandibularis Westw., Ann. Mag. N. H., vi, 1841, p. 87.
Myrmica Gayi Spin., Hist. Chile, vi, 1851.
Myrmica virulens Sms., Cat. Brit. Mus., 1858, p. 132.
Atta clypeata Sm., Cat. Brit. Mus., 1858, p. 169.
Myrmica sevissima Sm., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., n.s., iii, 1855, p. 166.
Solenopsis cephalotes Sm., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., iii, 1859, p. 149.
Cremastogaster laboriosus Sm., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., v, suppl., 1861,
Dog:
Diplorhoptrum Drewseni Mayr, Europ. Form., 1861, p. 73.
Myrmica glaber and polita Sm., Trans. Ent. Soc., 3d Ser., 1862, p. 34.
Atta coloradensis Buckley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, 1866, p. 346.
Solenopsis xyloni McCook, Rep. on Cotton Ins., 1879., p. 188.
Four % & major, three 8 % minor. Comondu and
Patrocinio.
36 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
The varieties of this species are almost as numerous
as its synonyms. Very common in the West Indies,
Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, California, Mexico,
Central and South America.
16. CREMASTOGASTER LINEOLATA Say.
Myrmica lineolata Say., Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., 1, 1857, p. 290.
Cremastogaster lineolata Mayr, Verh. d.k.k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch.,
1866, p. 901.
Myrmica noveboracensis Buckley, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., 1866, p.
337.
Myrmica (Monomorium) marylandica Buckley, tbid., p. 339.
Myrmica (Monomorium) columbiana Buckley, ibid., p. 340.
(codoma (Atta) arborea Buckley, ibid., p. 349.
Cremastogaster coarctata Mayr, Neue Formiciden, 1870, p. 992.
Cremastogaster lineolata McCook, Cotton Ins., 1879, p. 187.
Oremastogaster lineolata Mayr, Verh. d. k. k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch.,
1886, p. 462.
Five &%, San Jorge, San José de Gracias, San
Ignacio.
This species is represented in North America by
numerous forms, some of which, after careful study of
long series of colonies from different parts of the country,
may at least be entitled to variety names.
TUNICATA OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH
AMERICA. I.—PEROPHORA ANNECTENS N. SP.
BY WILLIAM E. RITTER.
While the summer work in biology of the University
of California was being carried on at Pacific Grove, dur-
ing the month of July, 1892, my special attention was
given to the Tunicates of that locality. All the rocky
shores of Monterey Bay, particularly those of the south-
ern, or Monterey side, are very rich in this group of
animals.
A large collection was made by myself and students,
and the paper here presented is a portion of the results
of the study begun on the living animals at the seaside,
and continued on preserved material brought back to
Berkeley. In my efforts to reach conclusions concerning
the variations that were early found to be conspicuous in
the form under observation, I have been able to compare
a larger number of individuals than would have been
possible but for the assistance rendered me by one of
my students, Mr. S. J. Holmes, who has prepared many
specimens for examination. I may here say, however,
that although I have examined many hundreds of indi-
viduals, and with considerable detail, as far as general
anatomy is concerned, I am satisfied that I have not pur-
sued the subject to the extent that it deserves. I antici-
pate that further study along this line will yield interest-
ing results.
The species in hand is a Perophora, as I believe the
sequel will show to the satisfaction of every one acquainted
with this genus and its nearest congeners. But the in-
teresting fact may be pointed out at once that the char-
acteristic of chief importance for distinguishing it from
the other species of the same genus, would, according to
2D SER., VOL. IY. October 26, 1893.
38 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
some of the schemes of tunicate classification recognized
at present, place it ina different family from that to which
the genus Perophora is assigned; or, by other schemes, in
a different suborder. The character to which I refer is
this: J/z very many, though not all, of the colontes the
ascediozoords are as completely imbedded in a common test
as they are tn Botryllus or Goodstria.
The distinction between ‘‘ simple ’’ and ‘* compound,”’
as applied to Ascidians, the importance of which has
diminished in the same ratio that our knowledge of the
group has increased, is reduced to 27/ by the discovery of
this form, so far as its value in determining affinities is
concerned.
Down to Savigny’s time (716) the compound Tunicates
had not been distinctly recognized as Tunicates, but had
been generally regarded as Alcyonaria. This author
made clear their true nature, and grouped them together
under the name 7¢¢hys composées, as opposed to the 7¢thys
simples .*
After this Lister (°34) made the first of the long series
of discoveries that has finally resulted in establishing a
most perfect gradual transition from the one group to the
other. Itis an interesting fact that his discovery was
that of the first Perophora known to science. In it he
showed that the ascidiozooids of a colony are all con-
nected together by stolons, through which the blood flows
constantly and regularly from one to another. Clavelina
was known to Savigny, but he seems not to have been
aware that it reproduces by gemination, and he placed it
among his 7¢¢hys semples. ‘The discovery of this latter fact
was made by Milne-Edwards (’42). This author invest-
igated this and its allied forms in his usual careful manner,
“I have not had access to any of Savigny’s original works, but take this
from Jones (48, pp. 5 and 7).
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 39
recognized its intermediate position between the simple
and compound Ascidians, because of its power of repro-
ducing by budding, and in conclusion he says: ‘“ Je
proposerai aussi de donner a ce groupe intermédaire le
nom de: SECTION DES ASCIDIES SOCIALES’’ (p. 266).
And in this new section he placed also the one species ot
Perophora then known. The two divisions of Savigny
were retained, with simply the substitution of the name
ewAgcigies . dor ° sl éthys.+
These three co-ordinate sections, thus established by
Milne-Edwards, were recognized by many writers, and
not particularly opposed by any, until Herdman’s (80)
preliminary report on the Tunicates collected by the
Challenger Expedition was made. In this collection this
author discovered a new genus, belonging to the same
family as Clavelina, named by him Ecteinascidia, which
difters from Ciona, a genus of simple Ascidians,
chiefly in the fact that it reproduces by budding. But
he affirms that both Ciona and Ascidia are sometimes
found to possess stolons (’82, p. 238). He concluded
that the transition between the ‘‘Asczdzes simples’? and
the ‘*Ascrdies sociales’’ of Milne-Edwards is so complete
that the latter can no longer be regarded as a natural
group. He therefore discarded it and united all the
genera included in it (Herdman, ‘91, p. 599*, and Gars-
tang, 91, pp. 50, 57 and 62), in one family, the Clavel-
inide of the Ascidiz Simplices.
Finally, Garstang (91, pp. 48 and 49) declares it as his
belief that ‘‘ the division of the Ascidiacea into the sub-
orders Ascrdie@ simplices, Ascidie composite and Ascidie
* The conjecture here made by Prof. Herdman, that Clavelinopsis rubra
Fewkes, from the California coast, does not belong to the Clavelinide, is
correct. It is not a Bo/tenia, however, but a Styela, probably an unde-
scribed species, though I have not yet studied it with sufficient care to say
with certainty.
40 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
salpiformes, so completely disregards the admitted inter-
relationships between various sections of these groups,
that its adoption seems to me to involve the rejection of
any morphological, and therefore genetic, meaning in
classification altogether.’’ This author, therefore, drops
these three suborders entirely, and simply groups the
genera together into families.
As already said, incidentally, the first Perophora was
described by Lister (’34). He did not name it, however,
this having been done by Wiegmann (735 ),who established
the genus for it and designated it specifically by the name
of its discoverer.
Since that time, three more undoubted species, includ-
ing the one that is the subject of the present paper, have
been added to the genus.
The first of these three, P. Wutchinson7, from Austra-
lia, was described by Macdonald (’59). The second,
from the New England coast of North America, was de-
senbed by Verrll (71).0 Whistise?:. wexcdes.
In recognition of the interesting transitional character
of the one here made known, I propose for it annectens
as a specific name.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE SPECIES.
Colonies irregular in form and size, the larger ones two or more inches in
length. Mostly encrusting on sticks, stones, sea weeds, and on other
Tunicates, particularly Clavelina. Color—pale greenish yellow.
Zooids about 14 mm. long by 1 mm. wide, short-oblong, laterally com-
pressed, generally crowded together, and wholly embedded in the com-
mon test, but frequently remote and with only the basal portion of the
body embedded in the thick testicular mass surrounding the stolons.
Test mostly thick, forming a common envelope for the ascidiozooids and
stolons. Transparent.
Stolons much branched, anastomosing freely, provided with numerous
lateral and terminal knobs, these confined to the layer of test corres-
ponding to the bases of the zooids.
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 41
Apertures both terminal, branchial six lobed, atrial five or six lobed
(though the number of lobes is not constant for either orifice). A ya-
riable number of yellow pigment spots on the lobes of the branchial
opening.
Tentacles about twelve in number (frequently more), of different lengths,
irregularly scattered on the inner surface of the branchial siphon.
Irregular in arrangement.
Branchial Apparatus. Stigmata in four circles, about eighteen in each
half circle. Horizontal membranes present. Internal papille con-
spicuous, each consisting of a post-like connecting bar, from near the
inner end of which project two processes, the one anterior, the other
posterior. Dorsal languets three in number, one for each transverse
vessel. Each turned to the right side.
Duct of the neural gland is funnel-shaped, opening to the right of the
median line.
Genitalia situated in the loop of the digestive tube, the testes exceedingly
variable as to the number of its lobes, from one to eight having been
observed in different individuals.
I. GENERAL DESCRIPTION.
As thus defined, the species is not certainly known to
exist elsewhere than in Monterey Bay. I have collected
Perophora at Point Reyes, north of San Francisco Bay,
and at Santa Catalina Island, off the coast of Southern
California. But at neither of these points, nor elsewhere
on our coast, though I have searched quite carefully at
several places, have I found the compounded form. In
addition to the difference in this regard, there are cer-
tain other differences, greater or less in different colonies,
and apparently different localities, that may be sufficient
in extent and constancy to make it worth while to recog-
nize other species than the one now described.
I leave the question as to what shall be done with the
Perophora of our coast that can hardly, in the present
state of our knowledge, be included in the new species,
as I have defined it, because it seems to me wiser to ten-
tatively leave a partially known group without a name,
pending further investigation, than to tentatively name
42 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
such a group, as is the practice of systematists in some
quarters, with a large probability that the literature of the
subject will thereby be permanently befogged for future
students.
At extreme low tide, the species is abundant at Pacific
Grove, though rather less so than numerous other
species of compound Tunicates with which it is associated.
It grows upon rocks, sea weeds, larger sertularian
hydroids and other common objects of the shore, but
particularly on another Tunicate, a large, undetermined
species of Clavelina, that is common here. To what
depths it extends I do not know. None have been taken
by the dredge, for our dredging at Monterey was con-
fined to sandy bottoms where the Perophora would not
be likely to occur to any considerable extent.
The colonies in which the ascidiozooids are most com-
pletely embedded in the common testicular mass and are
most crowded, are found on such objects as present a
rather even surface, over which they may spread. Thus
in many instances the large individuals, an inch and more
in length, of the Clavelina, already mentioned, are found
to be almost completely covered over by a coating of the
Perophora colony.
Fig. 2, pl. i, represents asmall portion of a colony of this
kind, twice its natural size, situated ona twig of sea weed.
Only the basal portion of the colony is figured, the pur-
pose being to show not only the crowded condition of the
zooids, but also the fact that a few individuals (7. zo.) of
the colony are isolated. It should be mentioned, how-
ever, that in no case have I found one of these isolated
zooids, in a colony of this kind, raised at all from the
stolon ona peduncle, as is the case in some of the species
ofthegenus. Fig. 4, pl.i, represents the margin of another
colony of the same kind on a leaf of eel grass. The con-
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 43
dition here shown is quite characteristic. At the extreme
edge of the colony there is a narrow, irregular belt of the
testicular mass, in which only the stolonic vessels with
their numerous short, knob-like: branches, their anasto-
mosings, and young zooids are seen. This is Par excel-
lence the growing region of the colony. One rarely, if
ever, finds young buds in other than this marginal zone,
though in some cases they are found in what might be
called the proximal portion of the colony, where there
are long stretches of stolonic vessels bearing few zooids.
The region in which the isolated zooids are shown in fig.
2 is one of this kind, and some of these are not fully de-
veloped. Why few or no zooids are present in these re-
gions I am not sure, but think it possible that they have
died and fallen away. It will be seen in fig. 4, pl. 1, that the
vessels do not extend into the test which is situated around
and between the zooids; they are confined, for the most
part, to the layer that forms the contact with the substratum
of the colony. Their branching is mostly in a plane par-
allel to the surface on which the colony rests. his latter
condition is well shown by the section represented in fig. 7,
pl. i. A section of a portion of the testicular mass in which
zooids are present, but vessels are not, is shown in fig. 5,
pl.i. In some cases, the partition of test that separates two
zooids is exceedingly thin, while in other cases it is of
considerable thickness. In certain colonies, the zooids are
so closely crowded together that they appear on cursory
examination to have acommon test; more careful inspec-
tion, however, discovers that this is not so; that the test is
not continuous from zooid to zooid; they are only in con-
tact with oneanother. This having been found to be the
case in some colonies, it seemed quite possible that in other
cases, where the test appeared to be a unit for the whole
colony; where the zooids could not be separated by me-
44 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
chanical means, that this might be due to a still closer
crowding together of the zooids, and that sections would
reveal planes of contact between the tests of the different
individuals. However, such examination proves beyond
the possibility of a doubt that no such contact planes
exist. As is shown by fig. 5, pl. i, which is drawn
from a section of one of these colonies, the test is con-
tinuous from one zooid to another, entirely without inter-
ruption.
From the facts thus presented, the question arises, has
this fully compounded condition been produced by such a
crowding of the adult zooids of the colony that the tests
have become fused by mutual pressure, aided, perhaps,
by the constant renewal of the test by growth? Is
it not possible that since these individuals of a colony
have a common blood system, their tests grow together
when brought in contact, after something the same fashion
that the severed surfaces of a wound grow together when
brought in contact? And it is possible that the process
may be assisted by the slight irritation that would be pro-
duced on the surfaces in contact. One fact seems to
favor such a view. Colonies may be found in which the
individuals, though each possessing its own test, are still
so closely pressed that they adhere to one another to such
an extent as to admit of separation only with considerable
force. That complete obliteration of the plane of contact
ever takes place in this manner, I have, however, not
been able to demonstrate. But even if the compound-
ing is ever produced in this way, or was so produced
phylogenetically, it is very easy to show that it is not now
so produced ontogenetically. The developing individuals
in these colonies are from the beginning as completely
buried in the common test as are the adults. Figure 1
represents a small portion of the tip of one of the much
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 45
crowded, but not compounded colonies. This is natural
size, and the number and arrangement of the zooids are
reproduced as faithfully as possible.
The appearance of the zooids when taken from the
test is fairly well represented by fig. 3, pl. i, the outlines
of which were drawn by the aid of a camera lucida. As
compared with the other known species of the genus, the
approximately spherical form and the terminal position of
both orifices are noticeable. When the anterior end of
the fully expanded living zooid is looked down upon, the
outline presented is that of a rather broad ellipse with the
two orifices situated at the foci.
The ease with which the zooids can be removed from
the test in the fully compounded colonies is worthy of
mention. In a preserved colony that has been cut in
pieces, they may be picked from their little cavities in the
test, reminding one of the way in which very young frog
embryos may be picked from their gelatinous envelop.
The only points at which they seem to be adherent are
the extreme edges of the orifices, and the point of pas-
sage of the blood vessel from the body into the stolon.
When we come to examine the minute structure of the
test and the body layer in contact with it, we shall see
that the union between the two is much more intimate
than appears on gross dissection.
Another point to which attention may well be called
in connection with the general appearance is the course
of the transverse vessels of the branchial sac. The body
is sufficiently transparent to permit these to be seen with
considerable distinctness in a good light. As may be
seen by fig. 3, the planes of these circular vessels are
not situated at a right angle to the antero-posterior axis of
the body, but they all converge on the dorsal side of it.
This convergence is associated with a slight dorsal curv-
46 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ature of the antero-posterior axis itself. As compared
with the form, of -P..“zsfe72, (ister) 345 \pll. taaiyaio ge)
it is as though the dorsally directed atrial siphon of this
latter species had been brought to an anterior direction
by bending dorsalward the entire posterior portion of the
body. When well distended, the siphons are distinct in
specimens removed from the test; and in such cases the
marginal lobes of them, though not large, may yet be
clearly seen with a slight magnification. In the individual
shown in fig. 3 there were six lobes on the branchial
siphon and five on the atrial. These are the most usual
numbers, but they are not altogether constant. In several
instances I have found six on the atrial also. The size
of the lobes and the spacings between them may vary
considerably. Thus it will be observed in fig. 3, that
the interval between two of the atrial lobes is considerably
wider and deeper than are those between the others.
2. THE LEST AND THE ORIGIN OF ITS) CELLS:
In a majority of the sections which I have examined, the
test presents a uniformly hyaline matrix, in which are
scattered a few cells (figs: 29, 30,31 and 32, Zs... 7765)
The structure is not, however, so simple as this in all
cases, for in several instances a vast number of exceed-
ingly fine granules have been found in the matrix. This
condition I first observed in sections stained on the slide
in Delafeld’s hematoxylin; and as the granules appeared
to be of the color of the stain, I was inclined to think that
they had been deposited from the stain. However,
further examination of sections stained by various other
methods shows that this, at least, is not their origin. In
some cases they are not stained at all, but are seen be-
cause of their being somewhat more refractive than the
testicular matrix. They are not cut fibers, since they
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 47
never show as anything else than granules. They are so
excessively small that I have not, even witha ;y oil
immersion objective, been able to determine much of their
nature. From what I have seen in a single specimen
‘stained in borax carmine, I have thought it possible that
they may be bacteria. My grounds for this conjecture
are not, however, very good.
It is a fact worth mentioning, perhaps, that in many
cases there is a layer on the external surface of the test
that takes the stain considerably more readily than do its
remaining portions. This I have observed in sections
stained in various ways. The layer is not, however, an
external epithelium, such as is described by Maurice
(788, p. 58), in the larva of Fragroides. There is, I be-
lieve, but one kind of cells in the test, and this is an im-
portant fact in connection with what I shall maintain to
be their origin. Figs. 29 and 30, pl. 111, represent portions
of test containing several of these cells. The figure was
drawn with great care, with the aid of a Powell and Le-
land ,', oil immersion objective. The more usual condi-
tion is that shown in fig. 29. Here the cells are seen to
be situated in cavities which they do not fill. The nuclei
are by far the most distinct parts of the cells. Indeed, it
is not until one examines them very carefully with high
magnification and with the most favorable light, that he
is able to convince himself that a cell-body can be seen
at all.
I have not attempted to represent the spaces in which
the cells are situated in any of the other figures, and in
many cases they cannot be seen. Occasionally one finds
cells in which the protoplasm is stained somewhat, though
never so deeply as the nucleus. Instances of this kind
are Seen at 7..¢., igs. 29 and 30. It happens not in-
frequently that two cells are found in one capsule (fig.
48 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
29). It is probable that division has recently taken place
in such cases, though I have never noticed a cell in the
act of division.
Two papers have recently appeared which call seri-
ously in question the view generally held by students of
the Tunicata that the cells of the test are of ectodermal
origin. The papers referred to are those of Salensky
(91) and Kowalevsky (’92). The first-mentioned author
refers to the fact that Della Valle has observed the wan-
dering out of ectodermal cells from the ectoderm into the
‘* cellulose mantel,’’ there to become transformed into the
cells characteristic of this layer, and he then adds: ‘‘ Ich
kann eine solche Auswanderung auch fiir die Pyrosomen
gelten lassen, muss aber annehmen, dass der grosste
Theil der ausserhalb des Cyathozoids lhegenden Zellen
von asgewanderten Mesenchymzellen stammt ”’ (p. 12.)
‘* Wenn diese Zellen auswandern, so kann man sie leicht
zwischen den Zellen des Ectoderms erkennen, und
dadurch wird die Entscheidung der oben aufgestellten
Frage tiber die Natur der ausserhalb des Embryos le-
genden Zellen bedeutend erleichtert ’’ (p. 13.)
And the author illustrates the conditions thus described
by figs. 30a and 31.
It was with special reference to this point that Kowal-
evsky’s paper was written, and he dwells upon it in his
text and illustrates it in his plates so fully that there can
be no doubt that in the larval development of Pha//usza
mammilata the species in which he studied the question,
cells of the test are derived from mesenchyme cells which
migrate through the ectoderm.
‘¢ Somit steht es,’’ writes the author (p. 7), ‘‘ wenigsten
fiir die einfachen Ascidien und speciell fiir Phallusia fest,
dass deren Mantelzellen aus dem Mesoderm abstammen;
allen Wahrscheinlichkeit nach wird sich derselbe Process
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 49
auch bei den socialen und zusammengesetzten Ascidien
99
constatiren. Salensky’s paper having appeared about
the time, or only shortly before Kowalevsky’s observa-
tions were being made, the latter seems not to have been
aware of what the former had said on this point.
As the testicular mass in these fully compounded col-
onies of Perophora is presumably growing constantly, it
seemed to me that they offered a good opportunity for
testing the assumption of Kowalevsky, quoted above, that
in the social and compound ascidians, also, the test cells
have a mesodermal origin. I have accordingly studied
the point with considerable care, with what results the
sequel will show.
The cells of the test of the growing colony must be
derived from one or more of three sources: First, they
may be the direct descendants of the original cells of the
test of the larva from which the colony has been produced.
Second, they may arise by division from the growing por-
tions of the epithelial linings of the stolonic vessels, or,
what is the same thing, the external epithelium of the
body of the zooid. This epithelium is ectodermal, as we
know from the method of development of the stolon, as
first shown by Kowalevsky (’74). Third, they may arise
from the mesenchymatous cells contained in the blood.
Their origin by the first method I can neither affirm nor
deny, as I have studied neither the development of the
larva nor its first-formed stolons. Even if some of them
do have this origin, certain it is that not all of them do,
as the following account will show.
Their origin by the second method, 7. e., from the
ectoderm, I fully believe does not take place. I have
searched through many sections prepared by many meth-
ods for evidences of it, but have failed utterly to find it.
There remains, then, only the third method by which
2p SER., VOL. IV. (4) October 26, 1893.
O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
on
they may originate. The evidence on which I base my
belief that they arise by this last method is threefold:
First, the cells of the test are wholly unlike the cells of
the endothelial lining of the stolonic vessels, even at the
tips of the vessels where the endothelium is thickened
because of the growth that is there taking place. Both
the endothelial cells and the test cells are shown in figs.
30 and 31, ed.v. The former invariably contain large,
clear nuclei, usually spherical in regions where growth is
taking place, but sometimes slightly flattened in the plane
of the membrane to which they belong. These nuclei
are from 4 ». to 6. in diameter. Each contains one
large distinct nucleolus. The cell protoplasm, which is
in considerable quantity, stains more distinctly than does
the nuclear matter. There is no cell membrane, and the
cells are irregularly stellate in form, this form being de-
termined in part, no doubt, by mutual contact, though in
preserved specimens they do not appear closely crowded ;
in fact (fig: 3%, pl.. 11) there are often seen aurregulan
spaces between them. This is probably due to slight
shrinkage.
The nuclei of the test cells are, on an average, about
one-half the size of those just described, z.¢., 2% yp. in
?
diameter. (Bigs. 29, 30.and 31; 2. G2, mm. G. and 77miG-s)
A nucleolus can usually, though by no means always, be
detected; but nearly the whole body of the nucleus stains
deeply, so that the nucleolus is never seen in the midst of
a large clear space, as in the case of the nuclei of the
endothelium. In by far the greater number of instances
the cell-body is not seen at all, excepting by the greatest
care and with the aid of high powers and favorable light.
When recognizable, it is sometimes disposed in a uniform
layer around the nucleus, giving the cell, as a whole, an
approximately spherical form; but, more commonly, one
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 51
or more blunt processes are seen projecting from it. As
already said, these cells are very frequently situated in
spaces, or capsules in the test matrix. Whether this is
wholly due to the shrinkage of the cells I am not sure.
Even when these cells are found so close to the endothe-
lium as to be actually in contact with it, as very frequently
happens, they are still of the same form, size and struct-
ure. This, of itself, is strong evidence against their
having arisen from this endothelium. It is almost con-
clusive proof that they are not endothelial cells which
have migrated into the test; and if they had arisen from
these cells by division, it would still seem improbable that
they should at once be so different from their mother
cells. Again, it would seem that if they have such an
origin, cases in which the division is going on might be
found. Although I have searched diligently for such
cases my efforts have been in vain.
My second reason for believing the cells of the test to
be derived from the contents of the vessels and the body
spaces is that cells are found here which are, so far as lam
able to make out, precisely similar to the test cells. Figs.
30 and 32, m. c’., pl. iii, show some of these, or rather their
nuclei, in the first figure taken from one of the stolonic
vessels, and in the second from the body space in the
region of the branchial siphon.
Fig. 37, pl. ii, represents three of them from one of
the vessels as they appear under the ;', oil immersion
objective. These are so similar to the cells of the test
in size, form and behavior toward stains that they need
no description. That which has already been given ot
the one applies in every respect to the other.
The third point which I present in evidence for my
contention is that I have found the cells in the process ot
migration through the endothelium. The most convincing
52 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
instance of this is shown in fig. 30, m.c., pl. iii. Although
neither nucleolus nor cell-body could be distinguished in
this, still it differs in no way from many nuclei that are
found on both sides of the membrane, 7. e., within the
vessel and in the test. ‘That it is embedded in the pro-
toplasmic portion of the cells of the endothelium does
not, I think, admit of doubt. I suppose it is passing
between the two cells, the nuclei of which lie each side
Of iit:
The same process of migration is seen also, I believe,
in fig. 31. This is from a section which cuts the endo-
thelium of a vessel tangentially, or rather at a very oblique
angle. Onone side of the section test alone appears,
while on the other side endothelium appears only. It
will be seen that in the region where there is no test three
of “these ‘nucle1, are found. Ofcourse, there is ;enear
danger of error here, since the endothelium is very thin
and cells on its surface on either side may easily be mis-
taken as being situated within it. With this chance of
error in mind, I have studied this and many other similar
sections with care, and have convinced myself that several
instances have been found where the migrating cells are
in the same plane as the nuclei of the endothelial cells.
Figure 32, pl. iii, represents an interesting condition,
which strongly confirms the belief here maintained. The
section is through the point at which the branchial siphon,
already fully formed, so far as the ectodermal membrane
is concerned, is about to break through the test.
What is taking place will be made apparent by com-
paring this figure with fig. 33, which represents a sim-
ilar section of an earlier stage in the formation of the
siphon. Shortly after the breaking through is com-
pleted at the point of fusion of the invaginated ectoder-
mal layer with the wall of the branchial sac, a prolific
-PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 53
migration of cells takes place into the plug of test that
fills the cavity of the ectodermal invagination. These
cells are always strongly contrasted in their appearance
with the ectodermal cells, and are entirely similar to cells
of the kind already described, which are abundant in the
blood spaces of this region. Although none of these
cells have been found in the process of passing through
the ectoderm at this point, it is still quite possible that
such migrations may have been taking place without
having been detected. All my sections that have shown
this stage of development have been rather densely stained
in this region.
It is thus seen that my results add one more instance
to the two furnished by Salensky and Kowalevsky, in
which cells of the tunicate test are not derived from the
ectoderm but from mesoderm, or rather in the case here
presented, from cells derived from mesoderm; for that
such is the origin of the original cells of the blood in
Tunicates is well known; the source from which the
blood cells are renewed in adult lite is, however, not so
well known. It is quite certain, from the instances of
division of some of them, as is shown m® fig. 36a, that
they are the source of their own renewal—that some of
them, at least, always retain the power of reproduction.
All the cells of the blood are frequently spoken of by
writers on the tunicate morphology as ‘‘ mesenchyme cells
swimming in the blood plasma,”’ e. g., Seeliger, ’82, p.
405.
I must mention here that since completing these ob-
servations on this point, I find that Kowalevsky himself
seems to have seen the same migration of cells from the
blood into the test in Perophora Listerz, twenty years ago.
Thus he says: ‘‘ Souvent encore, ou peut réussir a voir
des globules sanguins hors de la cavité des stolons, contre
54 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
les parois du corps dans le manteau extérieur; ces globules
ont perdu en partie leurs granulations graisseuses et se
sont transformés en cellules voyagueses, puis ont formé
les cellules. manteau,’’ p. 6. He then says he has never
seen the direct passage of these ‘‘ cellules amoeboides ’’
through the wall of the stolon. I am ata loss to know
why Kowalevsky does not recur to this in his recent
paper—whether he does not consider it a case in point,
or whether he had forgotten it.
I have never seen any indication of these cells per-
forming a phagocytic function such as is described by
Metschinkoft and Kowalevsky as taking place in the tests
of other Tunicates. A considerable variety of foreign
bodies is found on the surface and imbedded within the
test of Perophora, but I have searched in vain for any
signs of their being surrounded or ingested by the, test
cells. I have thought it possible that the unusual accu-
mulation of the cells at the point where the branchial
opening is about to form might mean that they are in
some way instrumental in effecting the breaking through
of the test. Of this I have no other proof, however, than
the mere fact of their numerous presence at this point.
It seems to me that a sufficient number of cases suf-
ficiently widely distributed through the Tunicata are
now known to warrant the conclusion that a mesodermal
origin of the cells of the test is very general in the group.
However, with the large amount and excellent quality of
the positive testimony that the ectoderm gives origin to
them also, we are not justified in believing the mesoderm
to be their only source. It is worthy of notice, though,
that numerous writers, particularly recent ones, that
might be cited, have simply taken for granted their ecto-
dermal origin.
I have no evidence that the matrix, or cellulose portion
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS.
OL
Sal
of the test is produced as a secretion of the mesodermal
cells imbedded in it. It seems rather to be the product
of the ectodermal cells by which it is lined; and this
agrees with the more usual view of its origin. In many
places, both in the stolons and in the developing zooids,
the cells of the ectodermal layer have such a form as is
shown in fig. 39, pl. iii. I believe this to be due to the
fact that the cellulose substance of the test is here being
formed. The processes are probably similar to the ones
described by Salensky (’91, p. 14), in Pyrosoma, as like-
wise projecting from the ectoderm cells into the test.
This author also regards the processes as having to do
with the formation of the cellulose substance. He says,
however, that they are found only at an early stage in the
development of the individual.
3. THE MUSCULATURE.
The musculature of the mantle is confined to the
anterior end of the body, as in other species of the genus.
As seen in the whole animal, when examined as a trans-
parent object, the longitudinal fibres are most conspicuous
as they run backward, separated by wide and quite regular
intervals, into a region where the test is particularly thin
and transparent. (Fig. 3, 7. m., pl. i.) As seen by this
figure, they are radially arranged, each bundle of fibres
growing gradually smaller as it passes backward, finally
disappearing entirely, usually before the second transverse
branchial vessel is reached. A small fragment of the
mantle from the branchial siphon is shown in fig. 18,
pl. ii. The specimen is seen upon its external surtace,
consequently the circular fibres are generally situated
internally to the longitudinal fibres. This, however, is
not always the case, as for example, the radial bundle
r. m.’ passes under some of the circular bundles and
56 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
over others, so that in part the two layers are interwoven.
It is also an interesting fact that not infrequently fibres
may be seen to branch off from a circular bundle and
pass into, and become a part of a longitudinal bundle.
4. THE PHARYNGEAL APPARATUS.
To find some typical arrangement as to number, form
and position of the tentacles, has been an object of much
search, and this the more because of the unqualified
statements on this point by Herdman (’9r) with refer-
ence to the other species of the genus, and by Garstang
(91); with reference to 7. Lzstevz. After examining a
very large number of specimens, I believe the question,
as I have treated it in the diagnosis, is as nearly definite
as the facts will permit. In the fully compound colonies
I have found in some individuals fourteen, in one at least
eleven, and in another ten. As to length and distribu-
tion, fig. 20 illustrates an average condition. There are
almost as many different lengths as there are tentacles,
the shortest being mere buds, while the longest are of
considerable length. The longest are generally situated
nearest the peripharyngeal band.
In fig. 21, pl. ii, the tentacles of an ascidiozooid from
one of the crowded but not compounded colonies are rep-
resented, and the arrangement above mentioned is here
particularly well seen. <A noticeable difference between
the two specimens shown in these two figures is seen in
the fact that in fig. 21 the shortest tentacles —the ones
situated nearest the branchial orifice, are placed upon a
low, circular ridge, a sort of velum, extending entirely
around the orifice. This I have never seen in the fully
compounded torms. In the crowded forms the number
of tentacles is greater, also, by about six on an average,
though here again I have found as many as twenty in
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 57
some specimens, and as few as sixteen in others, the
shortest ones often being so short as to be nothing more
than buds that can be seen only by the aid of consider-
able magnification. It seems to me not at all impossible
that new tentacles are constantly being formed for a long
time after the individual animals have reached the adult
condition. There is an evident tendency in some cases
for the shorter and longer tentacles to alternate, though,
as already said, the circles of shorter and probably younger
ones are always nearer the orifice than are the circles of
longer ones.
@. PARASITES OF THE TENTACLES.
At this point may be described an interesting tentaculif-
erous infusorian that occurs parasitic on the tentacles and
neighboring inner surface of the branchial siphon, usually
on or near the peripharyngeal band. A group of the in-
fested tentacles and a few of the parasites on the peri-
pharyngeal band are shown in fig. 16, pl. 11, and a single
tentacle is shown, more highly magnified, in fig. 17,
pl. 11. The impression received at first sight is that one has
before him abnormally shaped ciliated tentacles, the cilia
being disposed in tufts. As seen by the figures, each
tentacle is club-shaped, the terminal knob bearing a tuft
of the coarse, usually long cilia. Besides the terminal
knobs there are numerous others scattered irregularly on
the sides of the tentacles, also bearing the cilia in most
cases, though not always. As just stated, most of the
Cilia are long. Not unfrequently, however, tufts are seen
in which they are short and distinctly clavate (fig. 17).
These latter are generally more numerous in each tuft
than are the longer ones. Almost without exception the
knobs, whether at the ends of the tentacles or on their
sides, or on the peribranchial band, contain from one to
several very distinct round cells, each cell having an
55 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
equally distinct, centrally situated round nucleus. The
large knobs terminally situated on the tentacles usually
contain more of the cells than do the lateral ones.
That we have here one of the tentaculiferous Infusoria
I think there can be no doubt, but I have been much
puzzled to know what interpretation to put upon several
appearances presented. It may be supposed that the
cells described as being situated within the knobs are the
anamalcules that have made their way into the tissue of
the host, and that the knobs are produced as a patho-
logical growth from the infected tissue. The parasite
might then be regarded as belonging to the genus Sphe-
rophrya of Claparede and Lachmann. However, there
are several difficulties in the way of this view, one of
which is, I think, fatal in itself. It will be noticed that
the tentacles (of the parasites, for such undoubtedly are
the structures which I have described above as ‘‘ coarse
cilia’) are always situated, not on the cells embedded
in the knobs, but clearly on the knobs themselves (figs.
166) and 17. p). a1).
The explanation that seems to me to be most in accord
with the facts observed is that the knobs, whether ter-
minal on the tentacles of the host or otherwise situated,
are the foreigners, and that the contained cells described
are endogenously produced spores.
The terminal knobs are so perfectly continuous with
the tentacle of the host itself that it is impossible, in any
instances which I have seen, to fully satisfy ones self that
the whole structure is not a tentacle. Furthermore, I am
not able to find with certainty the nucleus in what would
be, according to this view, the parent infusorian, though in
the specimen shown in fig. 17 it may be present as a
deeply stained irregular structure shown at z?. The
cavernous spaces seen occupying the whole central por
tion of this knob I suppose to be contractile vacuoles.
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS.
S
Gt
Another point that adds weight to the interpretation
adopted is found in the fact that close examination does
not discover in the knobs any of the cellular structure
characteristic of the normal tentacle, and I believe that
there is a thin ectosarc on the outermost surface of
the knob; though of this I am not fully satisfied.
This view of the matter would seem to make the or-
ganism allied to the genus Podophrya as defined by Kent
(’81-’82, vol. 11, pp. 806 and 813).
However, more study of the animal will be necessary
to fully determine its affinities. JI have not seen any liv-
ing specimens. Only a small number of the infected
colonies have been found, and these were all in my col-
lection of preserved material.
b. THE BRANCHIAL BASKET PROPER.
As seen by fig. 3, pl. 1, the long axes of the stigmata take
the direction of the curved antero-posterior axis of the
branchial sac as a whole. The convergence of the circles
of the transverse vessels on the dorsal side, already men-
tioned, produces the effect that the stigmata are longest
at the ventral, or endostylar side of the branchial sac, and
become gradually shorter toward the dorsal side.
The papillz of the transverse vessels are easily seen
through the walls of the body when the animal is removed
from the test and viewed by transmitted light (fig. 3 7.f.).
There are from about six to eight’ on each half of each
transverse vessel, making on the average about one papilla
for each two stigmata, though the first in each row from
the median dorsal line is removed five, or six, or more
stigmata from this line, and are farther from this line
than are the first ones on the ventral side from the en-
dostyle. The middle papilla of each series.on each side
of the body are somewhat larger than those nearer the
60 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
endostyle on the one hand or the dorsal lamina on the
other. Figure 13, pl. ii, represents one of the papille of
about the average size and shape. The lateral processes
are always present, and of varying length, each one some-
times nearly equaling half the distance between the hori-
zontal vessels. Ihave, however, never found them con-
nected with the corresponding processes of the adjacent
series to form complete internal longitudinal bars, as is
said by Garstang, 91, to be the case in some instances in
P. Listert, and as sometimes happens, as I have observed,
in P. viridis. There is considerable variation in the
lengths of the middle portion (/. fig. 13) in the different
papille. In some cases it is relatively considerably longer
than in the specimen here figured, being nearly as long
as the lateral processes. The papilla and their processes
always contain a lumen continuous with that of the blood
vessel on which they are situated, as represented in this
figure; and the walls of the proximal, or convex sides
of the processes, are always thickest. The cells here
are large and round or even columnar, while those of the
concave sides are much smaller and often flattened. The
dorsal lamina is represented by a low ridge (fig. 21, pl.
ii, @./.) scarcely noticeable, even on sections. The lan-
guets, three in number, turned to the right, have been
sufficiently mentioned above.
Ge THE ENDOSTYLE.
But little need be said about this organ, since it is so
similar to what has been abundantly described for many
other tunicates. Fig. 34, pl. ili, represents a cross sec-
tion of it. All the parts described and figured by Fol
(°76) for Salpa and other tunicates are here present,
though presenting some differences in details of structure.
These differences pertain chiefly to the two ‘‘ interme-
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 61
diary bands’”’ (m.z. 6. and 0.72. 6.) of Fol, and the cells
carrying the long cilia at the bottom of the furrow
(PNG ces)
Both the intermediary bands are ciliated, though the cilia
are quite different in the two cases, those of the outer band
being considerably shorter and more spike-like than those
of the middle band (vd. figure). Likewise, there is quite a
marked difference between the cells of the two bands, asthe
figure shows. Those of the middle band form but a single
layer, and are cuboid, with round nuclei; while those ot
the outer band are two or three deep, and are consider-
ably elongated, and contain spindle-shaped nuclei. And
further, the latter stain much more deeply than the former.
In this respect they resemble the cells of the middle cili-
ated band, mm. c. c., much more closely than those of the ©
inner ciliated band. The middle band is, however, but
one cell deep, these cells being very long funnel-shaped.
Their broad ends are directed inward, and bear the ex-
tremely long cilia so characteristic of the tunicate endos-
tyle. The distinctness with which these cells are stained
by acetic acid carmine, as compared with those of the
glandular pads on either side of them, renders them very
striking in the sections. The glandular pads (7. 9. c.,
m. g.c. and o. g. c.) are usually considerably thicker in
proportion to their width than in the section here figured,
this being caused by the cells being longer, not by the
pads being more than one cell deep.
d. THE SUB-NEURAL GLAND.
The duct, particularly the opening of it, differs some-
what from that of P. Lzsterz, as described and figured by
Garstang (’91, p. 60, and fig. 5).
As seen by fig. 21, pl. u, d. ¢., and as already men-
tioned in the diagnosis, the opening is not in the median
62 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
line, but is thrown off considerably to the right. (The
figure represents the parts as seen from within the branch-
ial basket.) It appears from Garstang’s figure that there
may be a tendency of this kind in P. Lzsterz, but he says
nothing about it in his description, and certainly if it were
so strikingly true as is the case in this species, he would
not have failed to mention it.
There is a distinct thickening of the lip of the peri-
pharyngeal groove in the vicinity of the opening of the
duct, and at a high focus, when the structure is seen from
the inside, it is found that the wall of the duct becomes
continuous with this lip of the groove (figs. 15 and 21,
pl) iu, ¢. 7./and Dp. 6. 2.) By the same figures itis seen
that this thickened lp of the groove makes a U-shaped
bend at this point, in the median line, the convexity of
the U being directed posteriorly, or toward the ganglion.
The mouth of the duct is always, so far as I have ob-
served, at the right of the U. The “‘raiséd triangular
area whose apex is posterior,’” mentioned by Garstang,
is probably represented in my fig. 21 by the thickened
posteriorly curved band behind the U. Although ata
high focus the lip of the peripharyngeal groove is con-
tinuous with the walls of the duct (fig. 15), at a deeper
focus this continuity is lost, while the outlines of the
mouth of the duct are still distinct, thus indicating that
most of the orifice of the duct is dorsal to the lip.
4- DIGESTIVE TRACT.
Concerning the position and relations of the digestive
tract as a whole, I have nothing to add to what is well
known as ‘pertaining to the other species of the genus.
In several details of structure, however, there are addi-
tional facts that deserve to be dwelt upon somewhat. I
have been surprised that all the published figures of this
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 63
organ fail to adequately represent the differentiation of it
into the well-defined sections that actually exist in it.
I had thought, before having an opportunity to examine
any of the other species, that since none of the descriptions
or figures of the organ under consideration show in any but
a most indistinct and partial way several features that are
quite obvious in this species, that perhaps a considerable
difference existed here between this and the other species.
As, however, I find on examining P. v7r7d7s that essentially
the same structure here obtains, it is quite certain such is
likewise the case throughout the genus. Fig. 9, pl. i,
represents the digestive tract as it appears when dissected
from the animal and examined in toto. There are five
quite distinct regions to be recognized, instead of three,
as described by R. Hertwig (72, p. 90), and many other
writers, for many tunicates. Whether these all cor-
respond, both morphologically and physiologically, to the
five regions described by Milne-Edwards (’42, p. 275),
in the same organ in Clavelina, I am not sure; neverthe-
less, I use his terms to designate them. These are: @.,
cesophagus; s¢., stomach; 7z/.” duodenum : ént.’’ intest-
ine consisting of: ch. v., the chylific vesicle, and vc., the
rectum.
Maurice (’88) finds five regions in the digestive tract
of Fragroides, to which he also applies the same terms.
The cesophagus is short and wide, and there is no valvu-
lar constriction at its entrance into the stomach, as is the
case in some tunicates. At the passage from the stomach
into the duodenum there is a pronounced constriction, and
the narrow proximal end of the duodenum is thrust into
the much wider stomach, to which it is joined so that a
pronounced lip, or fold is formed around the orifice. This
structure is readily understood by reference to fig. 22, pl.
iii, which represents a nearly longitudinal section through
64 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
this region. The index lines s¢. are directed to the lip on
opposite sides of the orifice. The figure also shows that
the lumen of the duodenum becomes considerably ex-
panded immediately behind its junction with the stomach.
But it is at the entrance of the duodenum into the chylific
vesicle that the most pronounced valve occurs. This is
shown in part in fig. 9, pl. i, but much better in the series
of figs. 23, 24, 25 and 26, pl. ili, taken in serial order from
the duodenum toward the chylific vesicle; /. d. in each
section indicating the lumen of the duodenum. It will
be seen that in 25 the lumen has become much narrowed,
while in 26, where the cceca of the chylific vesicle be-
come confluent with it, it is almost closed. These four
sections also show well the relations of the ceeca. The
section shown in fig. 25 is three sections—about 40 »—
farther back than that shown in fig. 24; and the one
shown in 26 is two sections—about 24 »—back of the one
shown in 25. It is thus seen that they are not deep. Fig.
26 is taken from the region where they all become con-
fluent with the chylific vesicle, just at the entrance of the
duodenum into this latter.
I should call attention to the deep pits in the inner sur-
face of the wall of the duodenum. ‘These are shown in
figs. 23 and 24 9. cw. They are in many cases quite
deep, and make the wall less than half its normal thick-
ness at their bottoms; and frequently the wall bulges out
somewhat where the pit is situated. What the significance
of these may be I am not certain, though it seems prob-
able that they are for the purpose of increasing the inner
surface of this portion of the tract. Although the figures
do not show this to be the case, it is nevertheless true that
the perforated cuticulum, which will be described as be-
ing present on the inner surface of the wall of the duo-
denum, extends down into these pits. This would appear
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 65
to indicate that they have no function to perform different
from that performed by the remaining portions of the
epithelium. Iam also unable to determine that the cells
are essentially different in them. :
Histologically the digestive tract likewise presents some
conditions of structure that are worthy of notice. The
wall of the cesophagus is composed, as is apparently uni-
versal in Tunicates, of very regular, columnar, ciliated
epithelium, with a thin basement membrane on its ex-
ternal surface. In almost all cases the inner third of the
cells stains much more deeply than do the remaining por-
tions.
As we pass to the walls of the stomach, a pronounced
change in structure is seen. The cells become much
higher and the cilia are absent. Fig. 27, pl. iii, represents
the typical structure in this region. As here seen, the
wall appears to be made up of uniform, high, cylindrical
cells, that are not in contact with one another. These
cells stain readily in hematoxylin, carmine or cochineal,
and each contains a distinct, round, clear nucleus, in the
center of which is seen a single large nucleolus. The
nuclei are situated, on an average, about one-fourth of
the length of the cells from their outer ends, and are
usually so great in diameter as to make them appear to
extend entirely across the cell. I have said that the epi-
thelium appears to be made up of these cells, which are
not in contact. What the actual structure is, becomes
obvious when a tangential section is examined, particu-
larly where such a section is at the niveau of the nuclei of
the cells described. A drawing of such a section, highly
magnified, is shown in fig. 28, pl. iii. We here see the
same large, clear nuclei, c. d., with a thin layer of stained
protoplasm around them, and among these cells numer-
ous much smaller, unstained, clear, circular areas, c. c.
2D SerR., Vou. IV. (bi) October 26, 1893,
66 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
These again are separated from one another by a small
quantity of fine granular matter—intercellular substance, I
take it to be. The bodies c. c. are probably small cells,
since in many of them what seem to be nuclei are
found. The large, distinct cells are undoubtedly digest-
ive cells, since the secreted matter can often be seen
forming globular or semi-globular masses at their
inner extremities. They seem to be similar to the gland
cells found in the stomach of other Tunicates (Sheldon,
288; Roule, 35; R. Mertwio,))472,, and others) iq) tris
possible that Roule (’85) may have seen cells similar to
the small, clear ones described above, in Polycarpa var-
vans. After speaking of the glandular and_ hepatic
cellssin the stomach on this «species, the says-) “9\@er
taines cellules méme sont entierement hyalines, et
possédent laspect typique des cellules calicinales a
mucus’? (p. 65). This structure of the stomach of Pero-
phora as shown in fig. 28, pl. 11, resembles considerably
a figure representing a surface view of the wall of one of
the coecal appendages of the stomach of Salpa, given by
Dolley C387, fio. 1m pl. xm): "inthe text, howeversahc
describes the ‘‘ corsely granular pyramidal cells ’’ as be-
ing ‘* separated from one another by lighter, finely gran-
ular spaces, which, when viewed from the surface of the
coecum (fig. II), present a reticulated appearance ’”’ (p.
303).
As seen by fig. 22, pl. iii, the lumen, which leads from
the stomach into the duodenum, is very narrow («#’ is at
entrance of this passage). The walls of this section are
composed of cells of quite a different character from
those which enter into the structure of the stomach.
They are scarcely, if at all, granular, and their nuclei are
generally invisible. What I suppose to be the cell bound-
aries are very distinct, particularly in about the outer half
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 67
otethe’ walla 1! is ‘seen in ‘section’ (fig. 22 sz*., pl. i),
giving a striated appearance to the sections. These cells
bear short cilia, and on the inner surface of the entire
epithelium is found a series of very regular elongated
granules deeply stained by hematoxylin (fig. 22 c. g.)
Whether or not these granules are produced by an artifi-
cial breaking to pieces of a cuticular lining of the epithe-
lium I am unable to say positively. However, from their
constancy and regularity, and from the fact that in some
regions their greatest length is directed at right angles to
the surface of the epithelium, I believe the intervals be-
tween the blocks are the expression of fine pores which
penetrate a cuticula. I have not been able to decide
whether the cilia are situated within or between the pores.
This porous cuticula, if such it be, extends through the
entire length of this portion of the intestine, even into
the mouth of the ceca at the junction of these with the
chylific vesicle. It does not, however, extend into the
extremerdepths of the Cocca’ (fg. 26, pl-tmi).”
Two kinds of cells enter into the structure of the walls
of the ceeca themselves. The proximal portions, and a
greater part of their extent are composed of cells quite
similar to those found in the walls. of the duodenum.
Their nuclei are, however, more distinct here than there
(ips 24 25 and) 26, pl. 11). Atithe extreme: tips of the
cceca are found a comparatively small number of cells con-
siderably larger than those of the other portions. The
boundaries of these are also more clearly defined, as are
*It is possible that these structures axe similar to the enlarged portions
of the ‘‘cordons protoplasmiques ” described by Maurice (’88, p. 168) as
existing in the epithelium of the csophagus and rectum of Fragroides.
However, in Perophora they are found in the duodenum and not in the
cesophagus and rectum. Moreover, I cannot make out that they are con-
nected with the cilia, or that there are any protoplasmic filaments running
down into the cells from them.
68 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
also their nuclei, and the protoplasm is recognizably
granular (fig. 26°, pl. iii g.c.) I have no sufficient reason
either for or against the supposition that these are hepatic
cells. They are apparently quite different from what
have been regarded as cells of this kind in many other
Tunicates. Maurice (’88, p. 178), considers Milne-Ed-
wards in error in regarding the ‘‘ ventricule chylifique ”’
as being glandular, and he states that in Fragroides the
epithelium lining it is the same as that lining the cesopha-
gus. Such is certainly not the case in Perophora. The
cells are not ciliated as in the cesophagus. They are,
also, considerably higher here than there, and as far back
toward the rectum as the folds which lead to the ceca
extend, pellicles of secretive matter are abundant on their
inner ends. It appears to me that this part of the diges-
tive tube, including the ceca, is undoubtedly secretory,
and that exclusively.
The walls of the whole rectal portion of the intestine,
including the posterior part of the region over which the
‘‘organe refringent ’’ of Girard ramifies, is composed of
a single layer of rather low epithelial cells which are
ciliated, but do not have the cuticula characteristic of
the cells of the duodenum. They are quite uniform in
size and structure and do not appear to be secretory in
function, excepting in a region that is transitional from
the chylific vesicle. It seems to me probable that this is
pre-eminently the absorptive portion of the digestive tract.
In contradistinction to what is known to be the case in
many other Tunicates, | am unable to find muscle fibers
in any portion of the digestive tract. This agrees with
Kowalevsky’s (’74, p. 17), observations on P. Lasterz.
In his description of the ‘‘ organe réfringent”~” or
‘* pyloric gland,’’ Chandelon (75, p. 922), says that the
‘‘ramifications sont maintenues en place par une mem-
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 69
brane tres-délicate qui les fixe assez lachement a l’intes-
tine.’’ And he further states that in some cases the am-
pullz sometimes project into the blood space surround-
ing the intestine without being at all in contact with the
latter. I believe the structure is considerably more in-
timately related to the intestine than the description of
this author would lead us to understand. In sections
through this region (which he seems not to have made),
one sees that in general the exceedingly thin walled am-
pullz are so closely applied to the intestinal wall that it is
often impossible to distinguish more than one layer sep-
arating the lumen of the ampulla from that of the in-
testine.
This fact may be important, it seems to me, as bearing
on the question of the function of the organ. I have
likewise failed to find the sudden and marked transition
from the flat cells of the ampulle to the much higher
cylindrical cells of the ducts, as described and figured
by Chandelon; and I can find nothing in the structure of
the organ to warrant the assumption that its function is
secretory in the strict sense of the word.
I have never found an individual in which the organ
was wanting, as Girard (’72) states to be the case occa-
sionally in some Tunicates, according to his observations.
PARASITES IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT.
In fie. 22) pl. nina, «rand «*, I have represented some
bodies concerning the nature of which I am in much
doubt. That they are a stage in the life of some gre-
garine, seems to be the most reasonable suggestion that
I can make, and this seems the more reasonable since an
undoubted representative of this group of protozoa is
found in the stomach, not only of this same individual,
but also of several others. As to what stage it represents,
7O CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
or to what species it belongs, I have, however, not been
able to gain any satisfactory clew. Lacaze-Duthiers
(74) has described and figured several parasites found
by him ‘ flottant dans le liquide du corps de Bojanus’”’
of Molgula, one of which (fig. 4) he represents as having
irregular circular bands, apparently of some such char-
acter as those of the bodies here described. Beyond
this, however, there would seem to be little similarity
between the two parasites, Some of the organisms here
described by Lacaze-Duthiers he thinks are gregarines;
these particular ones, however, he says, are ‘‘ evidently
vegetable.’’ .
As seen by the figure, the bodies which I find are quite
large. The largest reach a length of gov. These larger
ones are always considerably longer than broad, though
their proportions vary considerably. Usually they are
somewhat egg-shaped, with a slight prominence project-
ing from the smaller end, reminding one of the epistomium
of some of the gregarines. The smallerones are spherical,
or very nearly so.
Perhaps the most characteristic feature of these struc-
tures is found in the bands, always three in number, so
far as I have seen, by which they are girdled. These
are made up of many elongated granules, possibly cutic-
ular in their composition, though they seem to take stain.
My first thought upon seeing the bodies was, that they
were probably peritrichous infusorians that had been
taken into the digestive tract as food; that the cilia had
been removed by partial digestion. This might not be an
unreasonable suggestion, but for the fact that they un-
doubtedly bore through the wall of the digestive tube,
and enter the surrounding blood spaces. As shown by
the figure, some («) are wholly outside the digestive
lumen; some («’’) are wholly within it, while others
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. Hf At
again («) are buried in the wall of the organ, undoubt-
edly on their way through.
My reason for thinking that they pass from within out-
wards is, that one finds, as he examines carefully the
wall just beneath where one pierces for a little way in
from the outside, that there is a slight break in the wall;
whereas no such break is found when the body pierces
part way into the wall from the inside.
In many, though not inall, a well defined nucleus is pres-
ent. The bands are absent from the smallest ones. I
have found them only in the duodenum and _ chylific
vesicle—never in the stomach itself, where the undoubted
eregarines are found.
©: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM.
The only point in connection with the reproductive
organs about which I need speak relates to their variabil-
ity. Lhis applies particularly to the’ testis. Thus; in
fourteen individuals examined in one colony, the testis
had either one lobe, or one lobe with a trace of a second.
In seven others of the same colony it had three lobes.
In a second colony fourteen individuals were also ex-
amined, and in all cases here there were many lobes, so
many as to make it impossible to count them with certain-
ty. Six other individuals of this same colony had a less
number, varying from one to four.
In twelve specimens examined from a third colony no
trace of either testis or ovary could be found. And, it
should be said, that this entire absence of the genital
glands is very common in the species. Indeed, my ob-
servations seem to indicate that it is a rule rather than an
exception, particularly as regards the fully compounded
colonies. I ought to mention here that none of the
numerously lobed testes have been found in these colonies,
72 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
and this is one of the facts that leads me to think it
possible that another species may be recognized on further
study. Certain it is, however, that the point cannot be
fully determined until representatives not only of numer-
ous localities, but also of numerous ages of the colonies
and individuals, and of different seasons of the year,
have been carefully studied.
Kowalevsky has stated ('74, p. 18), and his state-
ment has been confirmed by other observers, that in P.
Lister? the male genital products are matured before the
female; so that the hermaphroditism is protandric.
Whether this is true or not for this species is uncertain;
but the facts so far observed do not seem to indicate it.
In many cases, as e. g. the one represented in fig. 19, pl.
11, in which both sperm and ova are well developed, I see
no grounds for considering either as more nearly mature
than the other. In some individuals the ovary is consid-
erably more voluminous than the testis, while in others
again the reverse is true. I have never seen either sperm
or ova in the process of being discharged.
fis CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND BLOOD.
The observations which I have made on this system
that seem to add anything to what is already known from
the study of other Tunicates, relate to the movements of
the heart and the character of the blood cells. As is the
case with other species of Perophora, so also in this one,
the great transparency of the living animal makes it very
favorable for studying the movements of the heart and
blood streams. I find that there may be great variations
in the number of beats ina given direction before the
reversal takes place to the opposite direction. Thus by
some observations made at Santa Catalina Island, during
the past summer, it was found that in about 4,000 strokes
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. He
counted in five individuals, the maximum in one direction
without a reversal was 208 in 2 min. and g sec., while the
minimum was 25 in I min. and 53 sec.
In another individual examined, the examination begin-
ning without counting, the contractions were found to
continue in the same direction for so long a time that I
began to wonder if this individual formed an exception
to the rule governing the heart movements in Tunicates.
With this I began to count, and 302 strokes in the same
direction were performed in 7 min. before the reversal
took place. As I am quite certain that at least an equal
number of strokes were performed before the counting
began, and an equal time had elapsed, it would thus fol-
low that the strokes in the same direction without reversal
continued 14 minutes and were about 600 in number.
Of course, I have no means of knowing how long it may
have been running in the same direction before my exam-
ination began.
From my observations, it seems quite certain that the
total number of strokes in one direction is considerably
greater than those in the reverse direction.
Thus, in one individual, of the 2,392 strokes counted,
1,485 passed from the ventral toward the dorsal side of
the animal, and 807 in the opposite direction; and in
every instance of reversal but three, the greater number
was in this direction. Similar results were obtained by
observations upon several other individuals. Whether
the greater number of strokes is in the same direction for
all individuals, I am not certain.
As one watches attentively the movements of the heart,
the impression is received that toward the close of a
period of contraction in a given direction, the fluid has
become condensed in the arterial vessels. A tendency
to regurgitation is frequently noticed at such times, indi-
74 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
cating that the fluid is under pressure, Indeed, I am in-
clined to think that such is the case; and it appears to
me highly probable that to this is due the origin of this
method of heart movement. We know from the studies
of Lacaze-Duthiers, Roule, Herdman and others, on
various groups of Tunicates, that what, for the present
consideration at least, corresponds to a quite extensive
system of systemic capillaries exists in many species.
Besides, the area of surface of the containing vessels
within the branchial apparatus must be much greater than
that of the afferent vessels; consequently the friction
which the moving fluid must here overcome must be cor-
respondingly increased.
So far as the retarding influence upon the blood of the
capillaries is concerned, we may then regard the blood of
Tunicates as having to be driven through two systems of
them, i. e. a branchial and a systemic, by the same i1m-
pulse of the heart in either direction.
Now, it would seem that the collateral aids to the work
of the heart, which are made use of in various ways and
to varying degrees in most other animals in which a well-
formed blood circulatory system is found, are very poorly,
if at all, developed here.
In the first place, the blood vessels, even where they
reach their highest development are scarcely more than
channels through the musculo-connective tissue. This
being the case, they can have very little of the elasticity
of vessels with true muscular walls; and this fact, taken
together with the entire absence of valves, renders it quite
impossible that the vessels outside the heart should exer-
cise any power in propelling the blood through the capil-
lary system—properly here a lacunar system.
Concerning the structure of the vessels as they exist
in the Cynthiade, which may be taken to represent as
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. WS
high a grade of development as is found in any Tunicate,
I may quote Roule ’85, p. 106: ‘‘ Les canaux sanguins,
saut le cceur, n'ont pas de parois propres, isolables du
tissu environnant; les plus simples d’entre eux ne pos-
sedent que leur mince endothélium, et resemblent tout a
fait aux espaces laissés, chez les animaux supérieurs,
entre les faisceaux du tissu conjonctif; les plus complexes
ont une enveloppe musculaire, mais les éléments de cette
enveloppe ne lui appartiennent pas en entier, et font aussi
partié en substratum conjonctivo-musculaire environnant.
Le coeur seul possede des parvis propres.’’ This rudi-
mentary condition of the vessels is still more pronounced
in such comparatively primitive forms as Perophora,
where even the main vessels or merely such channels, 1.e.,
the median ventral, and the median dorsal trunks, possess
the thinnest, most imperfect kind of a wall of connect-
ive tissue fiber and endothelium. I can detect no trace
of muscle fibers in them.
Considering then the tunicate blood system in the ight
of Weber’s ‘‘ Schema of the Circulation,’’ we may fairly
conjecture that by the retarding effect upon the blood
stream produced by the systemic lacune and the branchial
network of small vessels, and by the absence of elasticity
and valves from the larger vessels, before a degree of
pressure was reached in the arterial system sufficiently
great to force the blood through the two connecting
systems rapidly enough to return as much blood to the
heart by the veins as was being forced from it into the
arteries, a regurgitation of blood into the heart resulted
which in some way produced a reversal in the direction
ot the contractions.
Since reaching this conclusion concerning the cause ot
the reversed movements of the heart, I find that Roule
(°85) has arrived at one apparently somewhat similar.
76 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Thus at the close of his ‘‘ Considerations Générales ”’
on the circulatory system of the Cynthiadie, he says, p.
93: ‘‘ Enfin, cette structure spéciale de l’appareil circula-
toire a déterminé, conjointement peut-étre avec la position
interne de l’organe de la respiration, le changement alter-
natif du sens des courants circulatoires, afin que le sang
artériel puisse parvenir a tour de role dans tous les organes
(voy. mémoire, No. 40, p. 141 4 151).’’ Unfortunately
I have been unable to consult his paper here referred to.
The peculiar twisting of the heart during systole, such
as has been shown by Girard (’72) and Della Valle (81),
is represented in figure 11, pl. i. It is worthy of men-
tion that the twist is in the same direction which ever
direction the wave of contraction may be passing.
THE BLOOD.
As is apparently the rule among Tunicates, so likewise
in this species, the cells of the blood present a great
variety of size, form, and behavior towards reagents.
It is exceeding difficult to decide which of these are the
most typical and constant, or what is the relation between
the different varieties. After considerable study it seems
to me that four varieties may be recognized.
One of these is represented by figures 35, 354, 354
and 35c; a second by 36 and 36a; a third by 37, anda
fourth by 38, pl. iii. I describe the variety shown in 36 and
36a first, because these differ less from the typical cell
than do any of the others—they are the least differen-
tiated. The form is usually nearly spherical; the nu-
cleus is large and round, contains a well defined nucle-
olus and a very distinct nuclear membrane. The cell
protoplasm, rather small in quantity in proportion to the
size of the nucleus, is generally more deeply stained than
the body of the nucleus. ‘Fhe only cases of cell division
among the blood cells have been found in cells of this
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. ah
variety. One of these is shown in fig. 36a. No metotic
figures have been seen.
The variety represented by figure 37 is less regular
in form, is usually considerably smaller than the pre-
ceding, and the cytoplasm is generally almost wholly un-
stained, thus rendering the outlines of the cell very in-
distinct. The nucleus is relatively considerably smaller
than that of the preceding variety, containing less nuclear
sap. These are the cells that are like the ones found in
the test, hence their relations to these latter have already
been sufficiently dwelt upon. The next kind of cells—
or rather of bodies, for they can hardly be called cells—
is represented by fig. 38. They are distinctly marked
generally by their large size, their being densely stained,
and usually, though not in all individuals, by their irreg-
ular form giving them the appearance of having been
greatly contracted. And this, I think, is undoubtedly
the case since in a few specimens I have found them
usually large and regular in outline. In the shrunken,
deeply stained ones, no nuclei can be seen; but in the
ones not thus shrunken and stained a relatively small,
well stained nucleus is present. The plump ones, as
they may be called, are very large—several times the
volume of the largest ones of the first described variety—
and the protoplasm has a fine granular structure.
The fourth variety, shown in figures 35, 35a, 350 and
35¢ seem to correspond to what are usually described in
other Tunicates as pigment cells; though if the granules
which are so conspicuous in them are pigment, which
I greatly doubt, they are certainly, in this species, quite
different from any pigment known to me; they seem to
me to be fragments of the broken-down cell body. In
hemytoxalin they become intensely stained, but some
other stains, e. g., Mayer’s cochineal, attack them very
little or not at all. lam pretty well convinced that these
78 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
are cells of the first variety breaking to pieces; they are
worn-out blood cells. Several stages in the process are
represented in the figures referred to. In 35, the gran-
ules are for the most part confined to a single layer on
the surface of the cells; many cases can be seen in which
they are found exclusively thus disposed. In such cells
the nucleus is still intact and distinct. The other figures
taken in order explain the various stages of disintegration
as I suppose it to take place. The nucleus is the last
portion of the cell to disappear. Many of the detached
fragments are found in some specimens scattered among
the cells in the blood.
I have no convincing evidence concerning the relations
existing between the other varieties.
Since my manuscript passed into the printer’s hands,
ecliger’s recent paper (/93) om the origin on the )%ex
ternal mantle ’’ of tunicates has reached me. This au-
thor, instigated by the observations of Kowalevsky, has
reviewed the question of the origin of the cells of the
test with the result that Kowalevsky’s conclusions are
fully confirmed, excepting in Appendicularia. In this
latter group (Oikopleura cophocerca was the species
studied) the author finds that ectodermal cells pass into
the substance of the ‘* haus,’’ while no mesodermal cells
were observed to do so.
The other species studied by Seeliger were Salpa
democratica and Claveilina lepadiformis. In both of these
the migrating mesodermal cells are abundantly described
and illustrated, and the ectodermal cells were not found
to participate in the process.
The protoplasmic processes of the ectodermal cells
projecting into the hyaline matrix of the test are also de-
cribed, and the author regards them as ‘‘ Sekretfaden,’
thus agreeing entirely, as he says, with Salensky as to
their significance.
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. 79
LIST OF THE WORKS REFERRED TO IN THIS PAPER.
"16. Saviany, J. C. Recherches Anatomiques sur les Ascidies Com-
posées, et sur les Ascidies Simples. Svo. Paris.
"34. Lister, J. J. Some observations on the Structure and Functions
of Tubular and Cellular Polypi and of Ascidia. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc.
London, 1834, pp. 365-388.
°35, WIEGMANN, A. F. A. Ueber die Perophora. Archiv fiir Natur-
gesch. Bd. i, p. 309.
"42. Mitne-Epwarps, A. Observations sur les Ascidies Composées des
Cétes de la Manche. Mém. del’Acad. Roy. des Sci. de l’Inst. de France,
T. xviii, pp. 217-326.
"48. Jones, T. Rupert. Tunicata. Cyclopedia of Anatomy and Phy-
siology, pp. 1-61.
59. MacpoNaLp, JoHN Denis. On the Characters of an Australian
species of Perophora. Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxii, pp. 377 and 378.
62. Scuuuze, F. E. Ueber die Structur des Tunicatenmantels und
sein Verhalten im polarisirten Lichte. Zeitsch. f. wissensch. Zool. xii
Bd., pp. 175-188.
‘68. CLAPAREDE ET LacuMann. Etudes sur les infusoires et les rhizo-
podes. Genéve et Bale.
‘71. Verritt, A. E. Brief Contributions to Zoology from the Museum
of Yale College; Descriptions of some imperfectly known and new As-
cidians from New England. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, ser. TAG, AOL abl Foy,
359.
‘72. Grrarp, ALFRED. Recherches sur les Ascidies Composées ou Synas-
cidies. Théses, Paris, pp. 1-204.
72. Hertwic, O. Untersuchungen iiber den Bau und die Entwickel-
ung des Cellulose-Mantels der Tunicaten. Jenaische Zeitschrift, vii Bd.,
pp. 46-73.
72. Hertwic, R. Beitrage zur Kenntniss d. Baues d. Ascidien.
Jenaisch. Zeitsch., vii Bd., pp. 74-102.
74, Kowa.Levsky, A. Sur le Bourgeonnement du Perophora Lesteri,
Wiegm. (Traduit par Professeur Alfred Girard.) Reyue des Sciences
Naturelles (Septembre, 1874).
‘74, DLacaze-DutHiers. Les Ascid. Simp. des Cotes de France. Arch.
de Zool. Exp. et Gen., T. iii.
‘76. Foi, HERMANN. Ueber die Schleimdriise oder den Endostyle der
Tunicaten. Morphologisches Jahrbuch, i Bd., pp. 222-240.
‘79-80. Herpman, W. A. Preliminary Report. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin.,
p. 714.
So CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Sl. Detia VALLE, A. Nuove Contribuzioni alla Storia naturale delle
Ascidie Composte del Golfo di Napol. Atti della Accad. dei Lincei,
Trans. vi, p. 14. -
81-82. Kent, W. Savitte. A Manual of the Infusoria. London,
David Bogue. é
82. SEELIGER, OSwALp. Zur Entevicklungsgeschichte der Ascidien.
Sitzungsber. d. Math-Naturwiss. Classe d. Kaiser. Akad. d. Wissensch. zu
Wien, Ixxxv Bd., pp. 361-410.
°82. HerrpMan, W. A. Report on the Tunicata collected during the
Voyage of H. M. 8. Challenger. Part 1. Challenger Reports, Zoology,
vol. vi.
85. Roursz, L. Recherches sur les Ascidies simples des Cotes de Pro-
vence. Ann. des Sci. Nat. (Zool.), T. xx, pp. 1-229.
87. Dowtiry, CHas. §. On the Histology of Salpa. Proc. Acad. Nat-
Sci. Phil., vol. xxxix. pp. 298-308.
88. Maurice, Cu. Etude Monographique d’une Espéce d’Ascidie
Composée. (Fragroides aurantiacum, n. sp.) Theses, Liége, pp. 1-315.
SS. SweELDON, Lintan. Note on the Ciliated Pit of Ascidians and its
Relation to the Nerve-ganglon and so-called Hypophysial Gland; and an
Account of the Anatomy of Cynthia rustica(?) Quar. Jour. Mic. Sci.,
vol. xxviii, pp. 131-148.
'89. Burscuut, O. Protozoa, iii Abth. Infusoria. Braun’s Klassen u.
Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs.
91. Garstanc, WALTER M. A. Report on the Tunicata of Plymouth.
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, new
ser., vol. ii, No. 1, 1891, pp. 47-66, pl. i.
‘91. SALENSKy, W. Beitrige zur Embryonalentwicklung der Pyro-
somen. Zoologische Jahrbicher, v Bd., 1 Heft., pp. 1-94.
92. Kowatrvsky, A. Einige Beitrige zur Bildung des Mantels der
Ascidien. Mem. l’Acad. Imp. des Sci. de St. Pétersbourg, viit Série, T.
xxxvill, No. 10, pp. 1--20.
92. Oka, Asasrro. Ueber die Knospung der Botrylliden. Zeitsch. f.
wissench. Zool., xlv Bd., pp. 522-547.
93. SEELIGER, O. Einige Beobachtungen wtber die Bildung des ius-
seren Mantels der Tunicaten. Zeitsch. f. Wissensch. Zool., lvi Bd., pp.
488-505.
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS. Sr
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.
Notr.—All the figures, excepting 1, 2, 3, 10, 11 and 26a, were outlined
with the Abbe camera lucida, and as much of the details were drawn by
the same means as the nature of the object would permit.
Prats I.
Fig. 1. Small portion of a colony of Perophora on aleaf of Phyllospadix.
Natural size. ;
Fig. 2. Small portion of a colony on a piece of sea weed. In this colony
the ascidiozooids are mostly much crowded and wholly embedded
in the common test; but a few (7. zo.) are isolated. XX 2.
Fig. 3. A single zooid removed from the test. In the colony from which
this individual was taken the zooids were much crowded, and almost
completely covered a large Clavelina. 30.
Fig. 4. An enlarged portion of a colony, wholly compounded form, on a
leaf of Phyllospadix. The figure shows the edge of the colony
where the branching and anastomosing of the stolonic vessels, and
the knob-like terminations are well seen. X 23.
Fig. 5. Small portion of a section of a colony, to show the completeness
with which the zooids are enveloped in the common test. X 25.
Fig. 6. Section of a small portion of the tip of a stolon, with its thick-
ened epethelial lining (ep. v.), and two very young buds (bd.). & 53.
Fig. 7. Cross section of a stolonic mass enveloping a sartularian hydroid
(hy.) stem. X 50.
Fig. 9. Digestive tract. 109.
Figures 10 and 11, drawn from the living animals, to show the spiral form
assumed by the heart wall during systole.
PREArh ire
Fig. 12. Small portion of most anterior transverse vessel with its papille,
the dorsal lamina and one of the dorsal languets. Seen from within.
S09:
Fig. 13. A single papilla. X 350.
Fig. 14. The branchial orifice and its lobes, seen from the outside, the
zooid removed from the test. 109.
Fig. 15. Ganglion and subneural gland and its duct, seen from within.
ialG:
Fig. 16. Some of the tentacles, with parasites seen from within. X 115.
Fig. 17. Section of one of the infected tentacles, more highly magnified.
X 280.
Fig. 18. Small portion of the musculature of the branchial siphon, seen
from the outside, test removed. 230.
Fig. 19. Testis and ovary of the Santa Cruz Perophora. X 109.
2p SeER., Vou. IV. (6) October 26, 1893.
Fig.
Figs
Fig.
Figs.
Figs.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
g. 20. Tentacles and peripharyngeal band, seen from within. The fully
compounded form. Dorsal tubercle not well seen in this specimen.
x 109.
.21. Corresponding parts and same view, excepting that more of the
dorsal portion of the branchial sac is seen, of the much crowded
not compounded form. X 109.
PLATE IIL.
22. A nearly longitudinal section of the stomach and duodenum.
X 230.
. 23, 24, 25 and 26, represent transverse sections of the posterior of
the duodenum, passing, in the order of the numbers, toward and
into the chylific vesicle. X 109.
. 26a. Diagramatic figure of the glandular portion of a ccecum of the
chylific vesicle.
9
. 27. Cross section of the wall of the stomach. X 475.
g.28. Small piece of a tangential section of the wall of the stomach.
x 820.
. 29. Small piece of a section of the test. X 700.
. 30. Cross section of test and the epithelial lining of the stolonic
vessel. > 790.
9
. 31. Portion of a tangential section of the test and its epithelial
lining. xX 640.
g. 32. Section through the point at which the branchial siphon of a
developing bud is about to break through the test. 475.
g, 33. A section similar to the preceding, but at a considerably earlier
stage. X 475.
34. Cross section of the endostyle.
35, 35a, 35b, 35c. Several varieties of the coarse granular cells of
the blood. 840.
36, 36a. Cells of the blood with large nuclei, the latter just divided.
x 840.
37. Three of the amceboid cells of the blood. x S840.
38. Three of the “irregular bodies” of the blood. x 840.
39. Small portion the epithelium of the exterior of the branchial
siphon, showing the drawn-out protoplasmic portions of the cells.
x 840. ;
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS.
(ee)
ioe)
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS USED IN THE FIGURES.
a. anus.
at. atrium.
at.o. atrial orifice.
6b. c. blood corpuscle.
bd. buds.
6. s. blood sinus.
br.o. branchial orifice.
br.s. branchial sac.
c.b.b. inner ciliated band.
c.c. Clear cells of stomach.
c.d. digestive cells of stomach.
¢.g. cuticular granules on the inner surface of the wall of the duodenum.
c.g. coagulated blood plasma (?).
c.m. circular muscle fibres.
c.m’.andr.m. circularand radial fibres which interweave.
con. d. connecting duct of internal papilla.
ce. caecum of chylific vesicle.
¢.v. vessels crossing peribranchial chamber.
d.g. subneural gland.
d.l. dorsal lamina.
d.m. dorsal muscle fibres.
d.t. dorsal tubercle.
dv. duct of dorsal gland.
ed. endostyle.
ep. v. epithelium lining stolonic vessel.
ed. v’. epithelium of stolonic vessel in tangential section.
ep. b, epithelium of exterior of body.
ep.i. epithelium of inner surface of branchial siphon, with long pro-
cesses.
ep. s. epithelium of interior of branchial sac.
g.c¢. glandular cells of intestinal cceca.
g. ca. pits of the duodenum.
gl. ganglion.
ht. d. heart diastole.
ht. s. heart systole.
hy. lydroid stem.
i.g.c. inner glandular cushion.
i. 20. isolated zooids.
mt. intestine.
int’. duodenum.
int’. intestine proper.
z.p. internal papilla.
J. languet.
84 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
1. d. lumen of digestive tube.
l. p. lateral processes of papilla.
m.¢. wigratory cell passing through epithelial lining of vessel.
m.c’. migratory cell in test.
m.c%, migratory cells within the vessels.
m. c.c. median ciliated cells.
m.i.b. middle intermediary band.
m.g.c. widdle glandular cushion.
n. nucleus of ‘*swarm spores.”
n?. probable nucleus of parent parasite on tentacle of host.
@. cesophagus.
o.g.c. outer glandular cushion.
o.i.b. outer intermediary band.
ov. ovary.
p. inner end of connecting duct of papilla.
pe. pericardium.
p.6.g. peripharyngeal band.
re. rectum.
r.m. vadial muscle fibres.
sep. Septum of stolonic vessel.
st. stomach.
st’. cells transitional from stomach to duodenum.
sti. branchial stigmata.
st. v. stolonic vessels.
é. tentacles.
t. p. pouches of testis.
tr.v. transverse vessel.
ts. test.
w.d. wall of digestive tube.
x. large banded cells in blood sinus outside digestive tube.
a. same cells passing through wall of same.
«’. same cells within lumen of same.
y. ‘‘plyoric gland.”
y.p.s. yellow pigment spots.
/
2.2’. line of contact between two testicular masses.
PEROPHORA ANNECTENS.
Introductory........
Historical account of
SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS.
our knowledge of the genus Perophora
DIR SMOSISCOM Lee CNRNCCLEN Sm sat ochre sues Sages aye talons ies) Ska 5 eevee sl aay ape ae
1. General description of the species
The test and the mesodermal origin of its cells
The musculature
The pharyngeal apparatus
a. Parasites of the tentacles
6. The branchial basket proper
c. The endostyle
d. The subneural gland and its duct
5. The digestive tract ....
Histology of the several parts
The pyloric gland
Parasites of the digestive tract
6. Reproductive system
He oo dO
Study of the movements of the heart, witha suggestion as to
the cause of the reversal in the direction of its contractions.
iMhiexblood corpusclesisast. 22 ao deds: as octane eo aiee woke oeergareate
7. Circulatory system and blood
Bibliography. ......
BD xplanatlomyo fe i outes es) sne ei eerie ere ers:
List of abbreviations
STUDIES IN PORTULACACEA.
BY KATHARINE BRANDEGEE.
Many of the plants of this order are difficult of investi-
gation in herbarium specimens. The texture of the co-
rolla is often so delicate that it can only be unfolded with
considerable trouble. The frequently minute crustaceous
seeds are equally troublesome. The slow process of
germination can only be resorted to in a few species at
once, and in dissection they require more than usual
care. That they have been neglected is evidenced’by Dr.
Gray’s remark concerning the accumbent cotyledons of
Lewitsia rediviva, ‘‘So far as we know, it is not so in any
other Portulacaceous plant, not even in ZL. drachycalyx.’”*
This supposed exceptional position of the embryo is the
character relied upon by Mr. Howell in separating the
second species of Lewisia, and with it aggregating all
the forms of Claytonia and Calandrinia having a circum-
scissle capsule, under the generic name of Oreobroma.f
The discovery of some undescribed forms in the herba-
rium of the California Academy of Sciences having led
to the investigation of the embryos of all the accessiblet
genera, the results reached were somewhat unexpected,
but sufficiently show that the position of the cotyledons is
of no generic significance, and in those forms in which
they are oblique (it is often impossible to be sure whether
they are obliquely incumbent or accumbent) perhaps not
even specific.
* Proc. Am. Acad., xxii, 276.
t Erythea, i, 31.
t No specimens seen of Talinopsis, Pleuropetalum, Grahamia, Anacam-
peros.
2p S=eR., VOL. IV. March 26, 1894.
STUDIES IN PORTULACACE. 87
Cotyledons incumbent.
Calyptridium.
Monocosmia.
Sylvza.
Spraguea.
Lewisia brachycalyx.
Claytonia ambigua.
Claytonia rupestris.
Calandrinia maritima.
And all the species examined of Portulaca and Talinum.
Cotyledons accumbent.
Montia tontana.
Claytonia perfoliata and all its varieties, parviflora, spa-
thulata, etc.
Claytonia Sibirica.
Claytonia Chamissonis.
Claytonia linearis.
Claytonia lanceolata.
Lewisia rediviva.
Calandrinia pygmea.
Calandrinia oppositifolia.
Calandrinia Columbiana.
Calandrinia Menziesii, somewhat oblique.
Calandrinia Brewerl, es if
Cotyledons oblique.
Claytonia parvifolia.
Claytonia diftusa.
Claytonia megarrhiza.
Lewisia Kelloggii.
Calandrinia Nevadensis.
Calandrinia Cotyledon.
Calandrinia Howellii.
88 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Cotyledons conferruminate.
Claytonia Virginica.”*
Claytonia triphylla.
The circumscissile species included in the proposed
Oreobroma show examples of all these different positions
of the embryo. The tetrasepalous calyx, which, accord-
ing to Dr. Gray, makes the only difference between
Lewisia and Calandrinia, fails in the variety described
below. Mr. Howell is, I think, quite correct in saying
of L. brachycalyx, ‘‘sepals apparently 4,’’ for the lower
sepals are plainly seen to be bracts, often indeed at a
considerable distance below the others.
LewisiA Ke_Loceir.—Caudex and fleshy root 4-5 cm.
long: outer bracts scarious, 11%4-3 cm. long: leaves 2-3
cm. long; petiole thick, broad and flattened, wrinkled in
drying, narrowing upward, to the shorter obovate blade:
peduncles stout, terete, 6-15 mm. long, jointed at the very
base, broad at the summit: sepals 4, ovate-lanceolate, 8-10
mm. long, glandular on the margins: petals (9 1n the only
flower unrolled) oblanceolate, unequal in breadth, 8-12
mm. long: stamens about 15 (too many in the figure),
style 4-5 lobed; capsule thin, circumscissile at the base,
splitting upward into four or five segments; seeds oblong,
2mm. long, tuberculate in longitudinal rows, minutely
strophiolate near the angle of the longer side; cotyledons
oblique.—‘‘ Camp Yuba (Cisco), Sierra Nevada, Cal.,
June 27, 1870. Flowers creamy white. Granitic sand
among rocks.’’—Dr. Albert Kellogg.
From Z. red7viva it differs in its broad leaves, narrow
and glandular sepals and in its peduncle jointed at the
very base and in its oblique cotyledons.
~The only specimen seen with ripe seeds was from New Jersey, col-
lected by the late Harry Edwards. No fruiting specimens seen of C. Car-
oliniana, lanceolata, umbellata ov arctica.
STUDIES IN PORTULACACE. S9
LEWISIA REDIVIVA, var.? YOSEMITANA.—Caudex very
short; fleshy root very slender: leaves succulent, linear
or spatulate, 1-2 cm. long: pedicels cylindrical, 4-1 cm.
long, jointed just below the flower and crowned by three
ovate scarious bracts: sepals 2, broad, concave, emarginate
or more deeply notched at top: petals 5, about 2 cm. long,
exceeding the sepals: stamens about 15: style rather
shortly cleft; ovary circumscissile from a broad base;
seeds too young for description. The flowers fall from the
jointed pedicel, in drying, even more promptly than in
the type.—Collected somewhere about Yosemite Valley,
by Mrs. Willie F. Dodd, in the summer of 189I.
This plant has so much the aspect of a depauperate
L. rediviva that in lack of mature fruit, I prefer to de-
scribe it as a variety of that species. Whether it prove
to be distinct or not, it is plainly related more closely
to L. rediviva than is any other species, and effect-
ually breaks down the remaining barrier between Lewisia
and the Lewisioid section of Calandrinia. There re-
mains then only to consider whether all these species shall
be united with Lewisia on the common characters of the
circumscissile capsule and persistent style, or whether
Lewisia shall be merged into Calandrinia. I think the
first would be the more convenient. Dr. Gray says that
circumscissile dehiscence occurs in some South Am-
erican species of unlike habit, but does not specify which.
There are in the herbarium of the California Academy
about thirty species from that region, none of which
seem to be circumscissile, though it must be confessed
that several of them are too young to admit of certainty.
If Montia and Claytonia are both to be maintained,
it must be on the lines laid down by Mr. Howell—all
3-ovuled species remanded to the first, and those with 6
gO CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ovules retained in Claytonia. The character isa shght
one, but is assisted somewhat by the habit.
The annual Calandrinias are probably none of them
natives of North America. All the forms of C. Menziesi¢
appear to be represented by Chilian species; C. Brewer7
is inseparable, at least in our herbarium specimens, from
C’. compressa Schrad., and C. maritima belongs to the
picta group, from some of which, in our herbarium, it is
distinguished with sufficient difficulty. It often shows
the replum-like threads separating from the margins of
the valves so characteristic of Zalinum parvifolium.
If Zalinum humile had been known to Fenzl his
opinion of the relationship of Portulacacee to Ficoidez
would have been materially strengthened. 7. Aumzle
has a 3-celled and loculicidally dehiscent capsule, re-
minding of Mollugo. The septa are however very thin
and traces of similar structure in the form of central
vertical folds on the valves are to be found in various
species of Talinum, in Calandrinia maritima, Claytonta
Chamissonis, Montia fontana, etc.
It is well known that seeds are viable before maturity.
This fact has a direct and important bearing upon the
accurate description of the embryo. In examining a
great number of seeds of the same species in this order,
the principal variation was found to be in the length of
the cotyledons. In those which had evidently reached
a sufficient age to germinate, the embryo ranged ac-
cording to degree of maturity, from sickle-shaped to a
nearly complete circle, and even, in some; the tips of
the cotyledons were hooked. In seeds having foliaceous
cotyledons the difference between the embryos viable
but immature, and mature seeds, is much greater. Bot-
anists who describe the embryo from germinating seeds
only, are therefore liable to be much misled.
STUDIES IN PORTULACACEZ.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Lewisia Kelloggii, whole plant.
A. Ovary opened, showing the upward splitting.
B.C. Stamens.
D.E. Petals.
F. Pedicel and calyx above the joint.
Gs, leat:
H. Embryo seen from within.
I. Embryo seen from the side.
J. Seed.
OI
SECOND REPORT ON SOME HYMENOPTERA FROM
LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO.
BY WILLIAM Jj. FOX.
Through the courtesy of Dr. H. W. Harkness I have
had the opportunity of examining another collection of
Hymenoptera made by Dr. Gustav Eisen in the Cape
Region of Lower California.
The collection is much larger than the one previously
reported on, and, as may be expected, contains numer-
ous species not before recorded from that region. Prob-
ably the most interesting accession to the fauna of Lower
California is the discovery of a new species of Oxea, a
genus which has heretofore been restricted to South
America, and to which no species has been added since
1865, when Sichel published a monograph of the genus.
As far as the Hymenoptera are concerned, the fauna is
more closely related to that of the southern part of Califor-
nia proper, Arizona and New Mexico, than it is to that of
Mexico, and it is not until the extreme southern end of
the peninsula is reached, which is included in the Torrid
Zone, do the Mexican species show themselves to any ex-
tent, and even there the Boreal forms dominate. The
parasitic Hymenoptera will be included in another paper
by Mr. Ashmead, as will likewise the Formicide, which
are in the hands of Mr. Pergande for study. Unless
otherwise stated, the specimens were collected by Mr.
Fisen in the fall of last year.. The types’ of the new
species described herein are in the collection of the Cali-
fornia Academy of Sciences.
CHRYSIDID2.
CHRYSIS SELENIA Costa. Several specimens. San
José del Cabo, October.
2p SgER., VoL. III. April 19, 1894,
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 93
MUTILLIDE.
SPHAROPHTHALMA SACKENII Cress. San José del
Cabo; October. Three 6 specimens.
SPH4ROPTHALMA MAGNA Cress. San José del Cabo,
October; west side of El] Taste, September; Mesa Verde,
October. Eighteen specimens, sixteen of which are
from the first mentioned locality, which seems to denote
that the species is more abundant in the warmer part of
the peninsula and that its true home is in the tropics. In
distribution this species ranges into California and Ne-
vada. The specimens before me show great variation in
size, 13-25 mm.
SPH#ROPHTHALMA GLORIOSA Sauss. San José del
Cabo and Mesa Verde, October. Numerous specimens.
SPH ROPHTHALMA FERRUGINEA Sm. A _ specimen
from San José del Cabo, October, I feel obliged to refer
to this species, although in Smith’s decription there is no
mention made of the pale golden pubescence on second
abdominal segment; otherwise the specimen fits the de-
scription well.
SPH ROPHTHALMA ZAPOTECA Bl. One specimen. San
José del Cabo, October.
SPH ROPHTHALMA ERECTA 0. Sp.
? .—Ferrugineus; clothed with sparse, long, erect,
black hair; mandibles at tip, tibia and tarsi, and apical
margin of first and second abdominal segments slightly,
blackish; pubescence of cheeks and abdomen beneath,
pale; in certain lights there is seen an appressed, silvery
pubescence on the dorsal segments of abdomen; on the
basal portion of the second dorsal abdominal segment
there are two longitudinally parallel, elongate, yellowish
marks, and on the apical portion there are two similarly
colored, semiovate spots. Head very large, much wider
94 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
than the thorax; deeply punctured, the cheeks not armed
beneath; third joint of antenne longer than the three fol-
lowing joints united; thorax shaped somewhat like a
fiddle, its lateral edge crenulated; above the thorax is
coarsely punctured, the punctures becoming gradually
larger posteriorly until they form shallow fovez on the
metathorax; sides of thorax glabrous; abdomen much
more finely and closely punctured than the head and
thorax; on the sides of the second dorsal segment and
on the same segment ventrally the punctures are sparse;
tibiz with strong, reddish spines, their calcaria whitish ;
on the pleurz over the four hind coxe there is a large
patch of silvery pile. Length, 9 mm.
West side of El Taste, September. Is related, though
not closely, to S. canadensts, contumax, chiapa, cruczata
and petricola.
SPH ROPATHALMA SCABER DN. Sp.
2 .—Black, clothed above with dense pale ochraceous
pubescence: cheeks, thorax on sides and beneath, abdo-
men ventrally and the legs with a much sparser and paler
pubescence, through which the black ground color shows
plainly; at the base of the second dorsal abdominal seg-
ment there is a large patch of black pubescence, the
hinder part of which is angulated; the entire insect is
deeply punctured, especially on the second ventral seg-
ment, which is almost scabrous; four hind tibiz with two
rows of strong spines; pygidial area rugose. Length
13-14 mm.
San José del Cabo, October. I have seen three speci-
mens of this species, two in the present collection and
one in the former lot. In general shape it is much like
S. pacifica and aureola, but the head is smaller. In ap-
pearance it resembles magna and erudita, from which it
differs by the black spot on second segment.
—
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 95
PnHotopsis NEBULosus Bl. El] Chinche, September.
E] Taste, 3,400 feet. Five specimens.
Puoropsis MELLIPES Bl. El Chinche, September.
El! Taste, 3,400 feet. Two specimens.
Puoropsis MELICAUSA Bl. Four specimens. El Chin-
che, September. El Taste, 3,400 feet. One specimen
differs from the typical form by having the greater part
of the four hind femora and the second abdominal seg-
ment, laterally, black.
Puoropsis sp. A small species related to P. clara Bl.,
from which it differs by the finer sculpture of head. San
José del Cabo, October.
BRACHYCISTIS CASTANEUS Cress. San José del Cabo,
October. El Taste, 3,400 feet. Eight specimens. Rather
small for this species, to-r2 mm.
SCOLIIDA.
MyZINE CONFLUENS Cress. Five 9 specimens. San
José del Cabo, October.
MyZINE TOLUCA Cam. Two 2 specimens. San José
del Cabo, October.
MyZINE HAMATA Say. El Taste, 3,400 feet. Eight 9
specimens, which I refer to this species. They differ
but little from specimens from the Eastern United States.
MyZINE nYALINA Cress. San José del Cabo, October.
Seven 6 specimens.
MyziInE spp. Two species, from San José del Cabo,
that I am unable to identify.
Trpuia sp. El Taste, 3,400 feet. A single specimen,
perhaps a new species, evidently related to ¢réchiosoma
Cam., and zztricata Sm., but seems to be distinct from
both.
96 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PARATIPHIA A2QUALIS N. sp.
? .—Head with large, deep punctures, sparser on the
vertex, finer and closer on the cheeks; front before the
ocelli smooth and glabrous; clypeus rounded anteriorly ;
flagellum stout, the first joint slightly shorter than the
second; scape strongly punctured and bearing white hair ;
ocelli placed in pits; prothorax above, except hind mar-
gin, with coarse, somewhat confluent punctures; dorsulum
with large scattered punctures, the lateral impressions
deep; scutellum and postscutellum punctured like the
dorsulum, the scutellum strongly impressed medially;
metathorax above finely shagreened, and at the apex with
some strong folds or rugz, the posterior face more strong-
ly shagreened and indistinctly punctured; propleure
strongly punctured, sparsely so on lower portion; meta-
pleure with coarse striations; spines of tibia and tarsi
reddish testaceous, the calcaria white; first and second
dorsal abdominal segments about equally punctured, the
second ventral a little more strongly so; the remaining
segments more closely punctured; last dorsal segment,
except apical portion, coarsely roughened. Black; head,
thorax, especially on fore part of prothorax and legs, with
pale pubescence; a fringe at apex of ventral abdominal
and the sides of the dorsal segments of whitish hair;
mandibles medially and tip of last dorsal abdominal seg-
ment reddish. Length 11-12 mm.
é .—Head rather finely punctured; antenne stout, the
first joint of flagellum a little more than half as long as the
second; in length the antenne reach slightly beyond the
tegule; prothorax rather finely punctured, its lateral
angles not acute; punctuation of dorsulum and scutel-
lum stronger and sparser than that of the prothorax;
upper surface of metathorax with two approximate fovee
in the middle, on each side of these tovez the metathorax
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 97
is finely punctured, and just behind them, on the verge of
the truncation, there is a transverse row of similar fovez
extending from side to side; propleura punctured, with
some striations on lower portion, the metapleure coarsely
striated: the abdomen punctured similarly as in the 2 ;
last dorsal segment strongly carinated medially. Length
Q-II mm.
San José del Cabo, October; El Chinche, September.
Nine specimens. The black clypeus of ¢ and color of
wings of ? will separate it from a/ézlabris. The wings
of ¢ are subfuscous, with the nervures and stigma black.
In the ¢6 they are subhyaline, with a fuscous stain at tip
of marginal cell. The punctation of abdomen will
separate it from Paratiphia (EH pomidiopteron ) Smithii
Cam.
SCOLIA BADIA Sauss. El Taste, on the west side, Sep-
tember, and 3,400 feet. San José del Cabo, October.
The ¢, which has hitherto been undescribed, is colored
like the @ , except that the vertex, scape and greater part
of dorsulum are black; sometimes the dorsulum is en-
tirely black.
Scotia LEconrTEI Cress. Three specimens. San José
del Cabo, October. One specimen lacks the yellow on
scutellum and first and second abdominal segment, and
the yellow on pronotum is reduced to two small spots
on anterior portion.
SCOLIA CONSORS Sauss. One specimen. San José
del Cabo, October.
ScouiA Ripinesit Cress. San José del Cabo, October.
There exists a remarkable similarity between this species
and lis xantiana ¢. The ground color and markings
are almost exactly the same, and ata first glance these
species would be taken to be one and the same.
2p SER., VOL. IV. (7) April 19, 1894.
98 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ELIs XANTIANA Sauss. San José del Cabo, October,
and El Taste, 3,400 feet. Numerous specimens. The
males appear to be much commoner than the females.
Exits porRSATA Fab. (¢o/feca Sauss.) Numerous speci-
mens. San José del Cabo, October, and El Chinche,
September.
ELis TRIFASCIATA Fab. I refer to this species, with
some doubt, six male specimens from San José del Cabo.
POMPILIDZ.
PompPiLus #THIOPS Cress. E] Taste, 3,400 feet. One
2 specimen.
POMPILUS PORUS N. sp.
? .—Clypeus rounded anteriorly; front with a faintly
impressed line from lower ocellus to base of antenna;
hind ocelli separated from each other by a greater dis-
tance than they are from the nearest eye-margin; anten-
nz slender, the first joint of the flagellum much longer
than the second; eyes converging towards the ver-
tex; posterior margin of prothorax arcuate; metathorax
rounded behind, not impressed; tibia and tarsi strongly
spinose, the fore tarsi with a well developed comb; longer
spur of hind tibiz equal to about two-thirds the length of
the first hind tarsal joint; abdomen a little longer than
the head and thorax; the apical segments sparsely clothed
with black hairs. Black; hind femora except the base,
and the tibia reddish; anterior and posterior orbits, pos-
terior margin of the prothorax, and a spot just before
the scutellum pale yellowish; the whole insect is clothed
with a sericeous pile; the face, prothorax, apex of meta-
thorax, hind coxe and the first segment of abdomen more
or less with silvery pubescence; wings subhyaline, their
apices broadly fuscous, third submarginal cell much nar-
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 99
rowed at the top, receiving the recurrent nervure a little
beyond the middle; the cheeks possess some long white
hairs. Length, 9 mm.
é .—Differs from the ¢ by the short, stout antenne, the
first joint of flagellum being but little longer than the sec-
ond, by the white calcaria and spines of tibiz and tarsi,
and by having the base of the third and the last dorsal
segment entirely, whitish; only the apical part of the hind
femora and basal half or two-thirds of their tibia, red-
dish. Length, 7 mm.
San José del Cabo, October. Three specimens. Closely
related to posterus Fox and exactus Cam. From the former
it differs by the lesser distance between the eyes at the
top and the narrower third submarginal cell; from the
latter species it differs chiefly by the hind ocelli being
more widely separated from each other than they are
from the nearest eye-margin; and moreover the four an-
terior lees are black. “The 61s evidently the “° small
form ’’ mentioned by Cameron under the description of
exactus.
POMPILUS CORUSCUS var. JUXTA Cress. Five ? and
3 6 specimens. San José del Cabo, October.
POMPILUS INTERRUPTUS Say. San José Cabo, Octo-
ber. One 4 specimen. The coloration of this speci-
men agrees better with the description P. da/teatus Cam..,
than zzterruptus, but the fore margin of clypeus is not
incurved.
POMPILUS EQUUS N. sp.
¢ .—Bluish-black; clypeus black, planate, finely and
sparsely punctured, subtruncate anteriorly; just above
the base of antenne there is a short longitudinal im-
pressed line; eyes, if anything, slightly diverge towards
the vertex; hind ocelli separated from each other by a
100 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
distinctly shorter distance than they are from the nearest
eye-margin; first joint of flagellum distinctly longer than.
the second; scape shining, punctured, in length about
equal to the pedicellum and first joint of flagellum united ;
prothorax long, rounded at the sides anteriorly; meta-
pleure and the lateral part of posterior face of meta-
thorax, with coarse, transverse striations, the metanotum
without striz and on its apical part with a medial impres-
sion; legs darker than the thorax, tibia and tarsi toler-
ably well spined; fore tarsi without comb, although there
is a row of very short spines on the first joint; longer
spur of hind tibia equalling less than one-third the length
of the first hind tarsal joint; wings blue-black, darker at
the apex; length of the second and third submarginal
cells at the top about equal, second recurrent nervure
received in the middle of the third submarginal cell; ab-
domen half again as long as the head and thorax, com-
pressed apically, last segment sparsely clothed with black
hairs, Wength, 17. mm.
El Taste, 3,400 feet. Related to macronotum Kohl and
levifrons Cress., from both of which it differs by the
first joint of flagellum being longer than the second; from
telemon Cam., it differs by the smooth top of metathorax
and by lacking the channel which connects the hind ocelhi
with the eyes. This species probably belongs to Kohl’s
group 18 (=Pedinaspis Kohl).
Pompiuus sp. A 8 specimen from Todos Santos, Oc--
tober, that seems to represent an undescribed species.
The head just behind the ocelli is strongly swollen, which
gives it quite an odd appearance.
PEPSIS TERMINATA Dhlb. (=ornata Lep.) San José
del Cabo, October, and El Taste, 3,400 feet.) a hree
females.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. IOI
PEPsIS RUBRA Drury. About forty specimens of this
common and widely distributed species. San José del
Cabo and Todos Santos, October. El Taste, 3,400 feet.
The series before me shows considerable variation, some
lack the white tip to wings, and in several males the ful-
vous is confined to the central part of the wing. One
specimen measures but 2I mm.
PEPSIS HESPERLZ Patt. One 6 specimen. West side
of El Taste. This species seems to be closely allied to
P. Andrei Mocs., to which species I had at first referred
the specimen.
Myenimia sp. El] Taste, 3,400 feet. A specimen that
differs only from wstu/atus by the distance between the
hind ocelli and the eyes being about twice greater than
the space between them.
SPHECIDZ.
AMMOPHILA QUADRIDENTATA Cam. West side of El
Taste, September. One specimen.
AMMOPHILA S4@VA Sm. El Taste, 3,400 feet. One
specimen. A. strzolata Cam., seems to be very close to,
if not identical with, this species.
AMMOPHILA MACRA ? Cress. Three 6 specimens from
El Taste, 3,400 feet, that differ somewhat from macra.
They may represent the 6 of seva.
AMMOPHILA PRUINOSA Cress. San José del Cabo,
October. Seven specimens.
AMMOPHILA YARROW! Cress. Numerous specimens.
San José del Cabo, October. The ¢ is larger than the
é , the thorax more densely pruinose, the red on legs and
abdomen brighter and more extended.
AMMOPHILA sp. Eight ? and nine ¢ specimens of a
species that I cannot place. San José del Cabo, October.
102 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
AMMOPHILA FEMUR-RUBRA D0. sp.
? .—Clypeus depressed in the middle anteriorly, with
rather strong separated punctures on tore portion, its an-
terior margin slightly incurved medially; front and vertex
very finely and closely punctured, the former deeply
channeled down the middle; vertex a little depressed on
each side of the hind ocelli; space between the hind ocelli
much less than the distance separating them from the
nearest eye margin; first joint of flagellum about equal
to the length of the two following joints united; prothorax
and dorsulum strongly impressed down the middle, with
a rather indistinct punctation; scutellum longitudinally
striated on apical half, impressed; sides of metanotum
with longitudinally oblique striations, those in the inclosed
space transversely oblique; propleure indistinctly striated
below; mesopleurz sparsely punctured; petiole of ab-
domen composed of two segments. Black; abdomen,
except spot at the base of second segment of petiole, large
spot on third and fourth and the dorsal and ventral apical
segments, pale red; all the femora, except a black line
on top the anterior and posterior, also red (sometimes the
fore tibiz and tarsired) ; front, clypeus, cheeks, tubercles,
large elongate mark on meso- and metapleure, posterior
face of metathorax anda spot on the median and hind
coxe, of silvery pile; clypeus, mandibles and cheeks
with long, sparse, pale pubescence; wings subhyaline,
slightly darker on apical margins, second submarginal
cell at the top wider than the second. Length 18-20 mm.
San José del Cabo, October. Seven specimens. The
red femora and black tibia and tarsi will distinguish this
from any of the North American or Mexican species of
Ammophila now known.
SPHEX (Chlorion) NEARCTICUS Kohl. One ?. El
Waste, 3,400 feet.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 103
SPHEX PENNSYLVANICUS Linné. I refer to this species
a 6 specimen from E] Taste, 3,400 feet, which differs
from the typical form by being slightly stouter and by
having the reflection of wings bluer.
SpHEex Luca Sauss. West side of El Taste, Septem-
ber; San José del Cabo, October. Three males. These
specimens are entirely black, except the first two or three
abdominal segments on the extreme sides, which are ruto-
testaceous.
SPHEX HABENA Say. San José del Cabo, October.
Three specimens. S. speuiger Kohl, from Mexico and
Brazil, is very likely synonomous with this species.
SPHEX DUBITATA Cress. One specimen. Same local-
ity as the preceding.
SpuEex (/sodontia) ELEGANS Sm. Three specimens.
Same locality as the preceding.
ScELIPHRON (Chalybion) ZIMMERMANNI Dhb. Four
specimens. San José del Cabo, October.
SPHECIUS CONVALLIS Patt. (=raptor Hdl.)
Stizus gran@is Pack., Proc, Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, p. 442.
Sphecius speciosus var. convallis Patt., Bull. U. 8. Geol. Survey, p.
342, 1880. Q¢.
Sphecius raptor Handl., Sitzb. d. k. Akad. der Wissensch. Wien.
Mathem.-naturw. Classe, xcvili, p. 461.
Three female specimens. San José del Cabo, Octo-
ber. Why Handlirsch renames this insect raptor when
it already possessed a name, given by Patton, which re-
quired but elevation to specific rank, he does not state,
and as there seems to be no reason that Patton’s name
should be placed in the synonomy, it is but just to give
the credit to the latter author.
BEMBEX OCCIDENTALIS Fox. San José del Cabo, Oc-
tober. Twelve specimens. One specimen, a ¢, lacks
TO4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the yellow marks of the center of dorsulum, and the mark-
ings on metanotum.
BEMBEX MONODONTA Say. Three specimens. San
José del Cabo, October.
MoNEDULA SPECIOSA Cr. Two specimens. San José
del Cabo, October.
BEMBIDULA VARIEGATA Oliv. San José del Cabo, Oc-
tober. Three specimens.
STENIOLIA DUPLICATA Prov. San José del Cabo, July
and October.
ST1zus GopMaNI Cam. (=agz/is Cam. non Sm.) Nu-
merous specimens, 28 ?,1 6. San José del Cabo, July
and October; El Taste, 3,400 feet.
STIzUS FLAVUS Cam. El Taste, 3,400 feet; San José
del Cabo, October. Nine specimens. This species oc-
curs also in New Mexico and Colorado.
STIZUS LINEATUS Cam. San José del Cabo, October.
Two specimens. Resembles favus greatly, but the thorax
is less yellow, the legs slenderer, and the space between
the eyes at the clypeus narrower.
STIZUS UNICINCTUS Say. San José del Cabo, October.
This is the first specimen of this species seen by me that
has the abdomen entirely black.
TRYPOXYLON PROJECTUM Fox. San José del Cabo,
October. One 6. This specimen differs only from those
from Louisiana and Florida by the black hind tarsi.
TACHYTES DISTINCTUS Sm. (4 = elongatus). Six 4
specimens that represent probably a slight variety of this
species. The apex of the femora and the hind tibiz are
not yellowish as in the specimens from the United States.
San José del Cabo, October.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. TO5
TACHYTES sp. One 6, related to serzcatus Cress.
San José del Cabo, October.
TACHYTES EXORNATUS Fox.
Ina paper onthe North American Larride,* I described
a new species of Zachytes from New Mexico, based on
a @. There are before me three females from San José
del Cabo, October, and El Taste 3,400 feet, that evidently
belong to this species. They may be characterized as
follows:
@ .—Black; the legs, except coxe and trochanters,
and the abdomen red, except a blotch on the third dorsal
abdominal segment, the fourth and fifth dorsals entirely,
and spots or blotches on the ventral segments, all of
which are black; basal half of mandibles, spot at apex of
scape beneath and the tegule, also reddish; head in front,
dorsulum, especially on sides, mesopleure, with pale golden
pubescence, that on the other parts of the thorax and on
the occiput, grayish; cheeks, legs more or less and the
apical margin of dorsal abdominal segments 1-4, with
silvery pile, that on the pygidium golden; wings yellow-
ish, iridescent, dusky at apex; nervures reddish testa-
ceous. Anterior margin of clypeus somewhat rounded-
out and armed with two teeth on each extreme side; space
between the eyes at the top less than the length of an-
tennal joints 2 and 3 united; first joint of flagellum scarcely
one-quarter longer than the second; scutellum not im-
pressed; metanotum not furrowed, the fovea at apex dis-
tinct; tibia and tarsi strongly spinose; longer spur of
hind tibiz slightly longer than the first joint of hind tarsi;
ventral abdominal segments 3-6 sparsely punctured, and
segments 2-5 with a transverse row of bristles before
their apices. Length 18-19 mm.
* Proceedings of the Acad. Nat. Sciences, Phila., 1893, pt. 3.
106 CALIFORNIA* ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
TACHYSPHEX TARSATUS Say. One 2. San José del
Cabo, October.
ASTATUS BICOLOR say. One ¢. Same locality as
preceding.
GORYTES SPILOPTERUS Handl. San José del Cabo,
October. One specimen.
GORYTES sp. ‘San’ José del Cabo, October. One 6;
related to hamatus Hdl. and may be the 4 of Punctifrons
Cam., from Mexico, a species that is said to be allied to
hamatus, and of which only the ? is known.
CERCERIS spp. There are in the collection three species
of this genus, none of which I have been able to identify.
All are from San José del Cabo, October.
PHILANTHUS VENTILABRIS Fab. (4 = frontalis.) <A
variety of this species, red, with the usual yellow mark-
ings, is represented by a single 6 specimen from San
José del Cabo, October.
APHILANTHOPS HISPIDUS N. sp.
6 .—Black; the head, thorax, femora and first seg-
ment of abdomen densely clothed with long, whitish hair,
as are likewise the ventral segments of abdomen, but not
so densely; clypeus tridentate, finely punctured; hind
ocelli separated from each other by a slightly less dis-
tance than they are from the eye-margin; first joint of
the flagellum nearly as long as the three following, united,
the second joint roundly and deeply emarginate beneath ;
thorax indistinctly sculptured, evidently very finely punc-
tured, or granulated, on the meso- and metapleure ; dor-
sal abdominal segments 6 and 7 distinctly punctured;
mandibles, except apex, head below the antenne, scape
in front, posterior orbits narrowly, line on pronotum, tu-
bercles, tegule, apex of four anterior femora, spot on
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 107
hind femora above, all the tibiz at base and on outer
side, spot on each side of first abdominal segment, which
is (the spot) drawn out into a point within, fascia on apical
part of segments 2-6, that on the second interrupted me-
dially, on the third very nearly interrupted, the fourth
and fifth emarginate on each side anteriorly, sixth*indis-
tinct, and spot on each side of second and third ventral
segments, all pale yellow, or whitish; wings subhyaline,
darker towards apex, nervures black, stigma testaceous.
Length, 13 mm. San José del Cabo, October.
OXYBELUS VENTRALIS N. sp.
? .—Produced medial part of clypeus anteriorly with
a large tooth laterally and slightly produced in the middle;
there is alsoa strong tubercle or production on the clypeus
near the base; front and cheeks with strong, separated
punctures, the vertex more strongly punctured and with-
out a tubercle behind the ocelli; eyes converging a little
towards the vertex; dorsulum as strongly punctured as
the vertex, at the apex, just before the scutellum, there is
a transverse row of elongated tovez; scutellum sharply
carinated and with the punctures stronger; spine ending
in sharp point, the squama terminating in a curved spine;
base ot metathorax with radiating ridges, the posterior
surface roughly punctured and with the usual carine;
metapleure irregularly striated; mesopleura with large,
scattered punctures, which are more or less connected by
some coarse striae; abdomen coarsely punctured espe-
cially the first segment. Black; head clothed with sil-
very pubescence, particularly the lower part of the cheeks;
dorsulum with a short, pale fuscous pubescence; flagel-
lum beneath, tore tibiz in front, and the tarsi reddish
testaceous; basal half of mandibles, tubercles, outer
margin of tegule, two spots or pronotum above meso-
sternum, all the coxe beneath, spot at base of the tibia,
108 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
on the anterior pair drawn out into a line, anterior and
middle femora beneath, large spot on each side of first
dorsal abdominal segment, narrow line at apex of the
remainder interrupted medially, apical margin of second
ventral and greater part of ventral segments 3-5, white;
wings subhyaline. Length, 10 mm.
San José del Cabo, October. Related to cornutus Rob.,
but lacks the tubercle on vertex, the punctuation is decid-
edly stronger and the markings are white.
CRABRO IMBUTUS DN. Sp.
? .—Clypeus strongly carinated, the produced medial
portion with its fore margin subtruncate; head finely and
closely punctured, finer on the cheeks, and sparsely
clothed with long, pale-brownish hair; frontal depression
distinct; on each side of it and the median lobe of cly-
peus with a pale golden pubescence, that on the lateral
clypeal lobes and the cheeks, silvery; hind ocelli separated
from each other by a much less distance than they are
from the eye-margin, the fore ocellus separated from the
posteriors by about half the distance that separates them;
from the fore ocellus there is a distinct, though not strong
carina, extending back to the occiput; first joint of fla-
gellum more than one-quarter, but less than one-third,
longer than the second, the latter longer than the third;
dorsulum closely and coarsely punctured, depressed lon-
gitudinally in the middle; scutellum impressed, the punc-
tures more distinct; metathorax furrowed its entire length,
much more deeply on posterior face, the latter is coarsely
and transversely striated, the upper surface longitudinally
and obliquely so; mesopleurae coarsely punctured and
striated; a distinct furrow between the epimerum and ept-
sternum of the mesothorax; episternum of metathorax
coarsely striated; metapleure finely striated; first seg-
ment of abdomen sparsely punctured basally, rather
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 10g
strongly so on apical portion, the remaining dorsal seg-
ments very compactly punctured, the dorsal segments
sparsely so; pygidial area long, much narrowed apically,
depressed and coarsely punctured. Black; tegula, tro-
chanters and femora, except apex and the fore pair be-
neath, reddish; basal half of mandibles, scape, prono-
tum above, tubercles, elongate mark on episternum of the
mesothorax, two spots before scutellum, fore margin of
the latter, postscutellum, fore femora beneath, apex of
femora, tibia, tarsi (obscurely), a somewhat drepaniform
mark on each side of first dorsal segment, two large
elongato-triangular ones on central part of second, nearly
meeting in the middle, a broad band, narrowed medially,
on middle portion of 3-5, sides of the sixth, and a band
on ventrals 2-5, all bright yellow; thorax very sparsely
clothed with pale hair; wings yellowish, fuscous on apical
third, stigma and costal nervures reddish-testaceous.
Length 13% mm.
San José del Cabo, October. Related to C. sonorensis
Cameron.
EUMENIDZ.
EUMENES PEDALIS N. sp.
? .—Clypeus convex, with strong, scattered punctures
notched anteriorly, the teeth not very prominent and
flattened; head coarsely and closely punctured, most
strongly so just before the ocelli, and more sparsely in the
emargination of the eyes; thorax coarsely and closely
punctured; metathorax presenting two strong convexities,
coarsely and confluently punctured; petiole of abdomen
much widened apically, sparsely and strong punctured,
the broadening beginning at a distance from the base that
is equal to about one-quarter of the length of the petiole, the
apical margin thickened and the apical half is strongly
furrowed down the middle; punctures of second segment
TeLn© CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
finer than those of the petiole, sparse on anterior portion
and very close and still finer on apical portion, the apical
margin greatly thickened; petiole beneath with stronger
punctures than above. Black, including the scape en-
tirely; tegulae, apex of femora and tibie and tarsi, dull
red; basal third of clypeus, spot above the antenna, small
spot on posterior orbits, line, narrowed medially, on fore
margin of prothorax, spot beneath tegule, postscutellum,
spot at top of each convexity of the metathorax, apical
margins of the first to fourth abdominal segment, small
spot on each side of petiole just behind the middle,
and an elongate mark on each side of the second segment,
all yellow: head and thorax rather densely clothed with
pale fuscous pubescence; abdomen with sericeous pile;
wings subhyaline, darker along the costa and in the
marginal cell, nevures black. Length 14 mm.
6 .—Clypeal teeth prominent, triangular, the notch
deeper; scape and antennal spine black; very similar to
the ? ; clypeus entirely yellow; spotson metathorax small;
marked otherwise as inthe ¢ ; the middle femora above,
in both sexes, at the apex, sometimes are yellow. Length
13 mm.
EHl- Taste; 4200 feet; San José) del ‘Cabo, “October:
Seven specimens, including several examples of the nest.
The markings seem to be unusually constant. It re-
sembles mostly “£. coloradensis Cress., but differs not
only by the color of legs and scape, but also by its more
compact sculpture; from /fraternus it is easily distin-
guished; from g7lobu/osus it differs by its much finer
sculpture of petiole; and the width of petiole and dis-
tribution of markings are quite different from &. z/urbzde
Sauss.
MONOBIA CALIFORNICA Sauss. El Taste, 3,200 feet.
One specimen.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER: CALIFORNIA. Cy Gt
ODYNERUS ANORMIS Say. San Esteban, April (/Zaznes).
Two specimens. I refer doubtfully to this species an-
other specimen from the same locality, which differs by
the shallower punctation of the thorax.
ODYNERUS (Auncistrocerus) LACUNUS 0. sp.
¢ .—Clypeus strongly punctured, bicarinated anter-
iorly, and but slightly notched or incurved, nearly trun-
cate, the teeth small; a strong keel between the antenne;
front with great punctures, those on the vertex more
separated; between the hind ocelli are two elongate,
widely separated, tubercles; thorax with great punctures;
antero-lateral angles of prothorax sharp; postscutellum
not crested; metathoracic excavation indistinctly stri-
ated, the upper part of metathorax coarsely punctured;
abdomen strongly punctured, but much less so than the
head and thorax, the punctures on first segment strongest
and the transverse sulcus deep and wide, margins of the
segments not reflexed; first segment nearly as wide as
the second. Black; base of clypeus (sometimes broken
into two spots), spot above the antennz and in the eye-
emargination, line on posterior orbits, scape beneath, two
large spots on prothorax anteriorly, margin of tegule,
spot beneath them, spot on dorsulum at apex, postscutel-
lum, spot on each side of metathorax, apex of fore and
medial femora, line on the tibia, apical margin of dorsal
segments, I, 2 and 4 and ventral segment 2, elongate
mark on each side of first dorsal segment and a small dot
on each side near the base of the second, all pale yellow:
wings subhyaline, fuscous in the marginal cell, nervures
black. Length, 9 mm.
é .—Clypeus entirely, inner orbits as far as eye-emar-
gination, greater part of tibia, tarsi except last two or
three joints, pale yellow; no yellow on metathorax; flag-
ellum beneath testaceous, though not always; otherwise-
asin @. Length, 7-9 mm.
Le? CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
San José del Cabo, October. Seven specimens. Re-
lated evidently to Guzmanz and occidentalis Sauss.
ODYNERUS ACOHUUES Sauss. Seven specimens. San
José del Cabo, October.
OpyNERusS ITURBIDI Sauss. West side of El Taste,
September. One specimen, a female, which, although
the ¢ only is described, seems to belong to this species.
As I have not seen O. /turbtdi 6 , 1 am not sure that this
specimen is properly assigned.
ODYNERUS (A /astor) MEXICANUS Sauss. San José del
Cabo, October. Two specimens.
VESPID&.
POLISTES BELLICOSUS Cr. One specimen. El Taste,
3,400 feet. This specimen lacks the two yellow lines on
metathorax.
PouisTES spp. Two species, neither of which I can
identify. They are very likely varieties of some described
form.
POLISTES CARNIFEX Fab. San Esteban, April (//aznes) ;
El Taste, 3,400 feet. This is a variety differing in lack-
ing the yellow on the head (vertex and cheeks), the pleura
with but a yellow spot beneath the wings, prothorax only
margined with yellow, and none of that color on the meta-
thorax, the yellow at apex of second abdominal segment
is Sometimes emarginate on each side anteriorly. There
is in the collection a specimen of the typical form of this
species, which is of unusual size, measuring 33 mm.
ANDRENIDA.
HALICTUS LIGATUS Say, Several 6 and ¢ specimens.
San José del Cabo, October.
AGAPOSTEMON sp. Five 2 specimens. San José del
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. ae 3s
Cabo, October. Related to femoralis G., and may be
the & of nasutus Sm.
AUGOCHLORA spp. Three species of this, difficult ge-
nus trom various localities.
ANDRENA spp. Two species from Magdalena Island,
collected by Haines, in March.
APIDA.
PANURGUS MANIFESTUS N. sp.
? .—Black; large spot on clypeus and sides of face,
yellow; head clothed with long pale pubescence, which
is most dense on cheeks, and darker on occiput; labrum
and mandibles fringed with brown pubescence: clypeus
strongly and sparsely punctured, with a strong, transverse
impression before the anterior margin, which gives the
latter the appearance of being slightly reflexed; front
and vertex with a compact punctuation, which makes them
appear coarsely granulated; joints 4—7 of the flagellum
beneath, pale testaceous, the first joint distinctly longer
than the two following united; the dorsulum, scutellum
and postscutellum are covered by a very short, dense,
tawny-olive or raw umber pubescence, which completely
hides these parts; pubescence on sides of thorax and legs
colored somewhat like that of the front, or darker, on the
legs it is darker and tinged with yellow; metathorax
strongly and rather closely punctured, the enclosed basal
portion with a fine transverse striation: tarsal claws cleft;
abdomen finely and closely punctured, particularly above,
the apical margins of all the segments with a fringe of
pale pubescence, that on the fifth and sixth brownish and
more abundant; wings subhyaline, on apical third fuscous,
nervures black. Length 12 mm.
é .—Clypeus and sides of face colored and punctured
asin the £¥ ; pubescence on head and thorax pale cin-
2p SER., VOL. IV. (8) April 19, 1894.
Ii4 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ereous, and very sparse in comparison to the other sex;
the pubescence on dorsulum, scutellum and postscutellum
is by no means as dense as in the 2, the punctation of
these parts being visible; pubescence on legs very short
and that on apical margins of segments not so prominent;
wings asin the $. Length 9-10 mm.
Two 2 andtwo ¢ specimens. El Taste, 3,400 feet.
The large size and yellow markings of head will distin-
guish it. The ¢ bears some resemblance to a species of
LNVomia.
Panurcus sp. A specimen from Magdalena Island
(Hfaines), in poor condition.
CALLIOPSIS CONCINNUS N. Sp.
é.—Black: clypeus, sides of face, spot behind clypeus
(not reaching as far above as the markings on sides of
face), labrum, mandibles except apex, apex of femora,
the tarsi except last joint, the four hind tibiz at base
and apex, the fore tibia likewise and also anteriorly, yel-
low: flagellum pale testaceous beneath, the first joint dis-
tinctly longer than the second; the antenna long, when
extended reaching beyond the tegula; face and clypeus
with distinct, separated punctures, the punctuation of the
front and vertex much closer; the head has a pale pubes-
cence, particularly on the cheeks and occiput; dorsulum
and scutellum finely and closely punctured, the latter im-
pressed, and both are clothed with a short, sparse, brown-
ish pubescence; enclosed basal portion of methathorax
longitudinally striated or ridged: mesopleura with large,
separated punctures; legs witha sparse, pale pubescence ;
wings subhyaline, strongly iridescent, nervures and stigma
black, the first submarginal cell but little longer than the
second; tegula testaceous: abdominal segments on basal
portion finely and closely punctured, the apical third
smooth, and laterally with white hair, on the sixth seg
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. EES
ment this hair extends from one side to the other. Length,
6 mm. .
El Chinche, September. Two specimens. Resembles
greatly the 6 of C. pauper Cr., but differs by the longer
antenne. It seems to be closely related to C. cétrzpes
Ashm., but differs from the description of that species in
several characters.
CALLIOPSIS SCABER N. Sp.
2 .—Robust; deep black, shining; a spot at the base
of four anterior tibia yellow; head coarsely punctured;
clypeus with a longitudinal, central impressed line; la-
brum with a depressed, smooth, enclosed space, which has
a short keel reaching to about the middle; on the front
near the orbits is a deep, short, impression or excavation;
punctures .of vertex coarser than those of the front;
flagellum clavate, the first joint distinctly longer than the
second; prothorax and tubercles bordered above with
grayish pubescence or pile; dorsulum strongly and sparse-
ly punctured, the scutellum and postscutellum much more
closely so; enclosure at base of metathorax longitudinally
ridged; just behind this enclosure the metathorax is
smooth, but beyond this finely punctured; mesopleura
with exceedingly coarse punctures; legs clothed with
long, pale pubescence, especially the posteriors; wings
subhyaline, iridescent, darker apically, nervures and
stigma black, second submarginal cell slightly longer
than the first; abdominal segments, except apical margin
deeply punctured, more finely so ventrally; fifth dorsal
segment on sides and apically and the sixth laterally with
long, dense, pale pubescence, which is tinged with brown-
ish. Length, 8 mm.
Biel aste, 4,400) tect. » One! specimen. “Related to CG:
mexicanus Cress., but differs by sparser punctuation of dor-
sulum, the impression on front near the orbits is shorter
116 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
and deeper, and by the coarse sculpture of abdomen. It
is very likely that what Cresson has described as the male
ot mexicanus, really does not belong to that species, but
is on the contrary the ¢ of scaber, as it appears to be
more Closely related to the latter than to the former.
PERDITA VENTRALIS Fox. Magdalena Island ( Haznes ),
March. Numerous specimens, among which are several
females, which sex is not described. Owing to an error,
whether on my part or the printer’s, in the original de-
scription the sex is marked 2? , when it should have been¢ .
@ .—Cheeks unarmed; frontal impressed line distinct,
but not strong; mandibles medially, antenne beneath,
tibiz, tarsi, apex of fore and posterior femora, tegule,
the ventral abdominal segments entirely, and an irregular
band on dorsal segments 2-5, emarginate behind and
sometimes interrupted medially, all yellow, otherwise as
Hasthe <6
Nomapa sp. A specimen from San José del Cabo,
July, which may be but a variety of VV. Arugzz Cress.,
from Porto Rico.
EPEOLUS TEXANUS Cr. Two specimens. San José
del Cabo and Todas Santos, October.
EPEOLUS OCCIDENTALIS Cr. San José del Cabo, Oc-
tober. Two specimens.
LirHURGUS OBLONGUS Fox. Four specimens. San
Ignacio ( /famnes ), April.
MeGACHILE Sayir Cr. El Taste, 3,400 feet. Two 2
and six 6 specimens.
MEGACHILE MEXICANA Cr. One specimen. El Chinche,
September.
MEGACHILE spp. ‘Two species, which I am unable to
identify, one of which may be JZ. candida Sm., but the
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. ILI E7
pubescence on thorax is grayish. Both species are from
San José del Cabo.
MEGACHILE OCCIDENTALIS Nn. sp.
6 .—Black; flagellum beneath, tegule, apex of femora,
apical half of tibiz, and the tarsi entirely, reddish; some-
times the ventral segments of abdomen are more or less
reddish; head in front densely clothed with long whitish
pubescence, which becomes sparse on the vertex, where
itis mixed with fuscous; vertex with tolerably strong,
even, separated punctures, those on the front closer;
clypeus strongly punctured, sparsely so medially, the an-
terior margin with a wide, medial emargination, on each
side of which it is strongly produced; mandibles very
broad and coarsely sculptured, and on outer margin near
the apex drawn out into a triangular lobe, which is fringed
with golden pubescence; antenne rather long and slender,
the last joint elongate-spatulate, and is decidedly longer
than the preceding joint, second joint of flagellum nearly
twice as long as the first; thorax clothed with whitish
pubescence, densest beneath; dorsulum rather strongly
and closely punctured, the punctures are, however, not
confluent, and has two short, longitudinally parallel,
patches of white hair basally, and another on its posterior
portion, near the tegule; scutellum with the punctures
somewhat stronger and sparser than those of the dorsu-
lum, not impressed; anterior coxe armed with a blunt,
stout projection or tooth: the fore tarsi with the two basal
joints dilated and within with a thick fringe of pure white
pubescence; all the tarsi within are clothed with golden
pubescence, particularly the hind pair, the other pubes-
cence of legs colored like the thorax; wings subhyaline,
slightly darker apically; abdomen above punctured about
like the scutellum, except on fifth dorsal segment, and
with a white band of hairs at apex of segments 1-4 and
Tine CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
at base of segments 2-6; ventral segments 2—5 are densely
clothed with white pubescence; sixth dorsal segment
roundly notched at apex, the production on each side of
the notch obtuse, the fifth dorsal segment laterally at the
apex is armed with a tooth, which projects in such a man-
ner as to appear attached to the base of the sixth seg-
ment. Length 12 mm.
Las Cruces, New Mexico (7. 2. A: Cockerell); San
Ignacio, L. Cal. (Haines) April. This is a very distinct
species and belongs near Say77, pugnata and rufimanus.
MELISSODES SUFFUSA Cr. San José del Cabo and
Mesa Verde, October. ‘Onev?, and one 6 specimen:
MELISSODES MENUACHA (?) Cr. Numerous speci-
mens of both sexes from several localities, that I refer
doubttfully to this species. They either representa variety
or a distinct species, but their condition is such as to make
a correct determination almost impossible.
MELIssODEs spp. Four species in too poor a condi-
tion for identification.
DIADASIA APACHA Cr. Several specimens, both sexes.
San José del Cabo, October.
D1ADASIA TOLUCA Cr. (=WMelissodes toluca Cr.) San
José del Cabo, October. Several specimens of both sexes.
XENOGLOSSA FULVA Sm. Numerous specimens, ?, ¢,
from San José del Cabo, October. I wish to herewith
acknowledge my Centris mustelina, described in the
former paper, as a synonym of this species.
ANTHOPHORA CAPISTRATA Cr. El] Taste, 3,400 feet.
Two ¢ specimens.
ANTHOPHORA MACULIFRONS Cr. Two 4 specimens.
San José del Cabo, July and October.
HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. I1g
OXA VAGANS DN. sp.
?.—Black; face, clypeus and cheeks with a sparse,
pale pubescence; pubescence on vertex fuscous, that of
the occiput long and pale; thorax above with dense,
bright fulvous pubescence, much paler on the sides and
beneath; legs with black or dark brown pubescence, ex-
cept on the femora beneath and the hind tibia within,
where it is long and pale; knee caps with short, golden
pubescence; first and second dorsal segments at sides
and first and second ventrals medially, with pale pubes-
cence; the fifth dorsal has also at the sides pale pubes-
cence, and medially black pubescence: ventral segments
2-5 at apex each with a band of pale pubescence,
which is connected with the lateral pubescence; wings
basally subhyaline, on apical half fuscous, with violaceous
reflections, nervures dark testaceous; head with shallow
punctures, those on the vertex stronger than those on the
front, while on the clypeus the punctures are coarse and
confluent: on the labrum the sculpture is coarser than on
the clypeus, and the former has a longitudinal impressed
line, or furrow; first joint of flagellum nearly as long as
the five following joints united; pronotum above emar-
ginate medially; sculpture of thorax hidden by the pubes-
cence; abdomen deep black, with a shght iridescence on
segments 2-4; dorsal segments 1-4 except apex, punc-
tured rather sparsely. Length, 18-21 mm.
6 .—Eyes nearly touching on the vertex, being sep-
arated at that point by a distance that about equals the
length of the twelfth antennal joint; last joint of flagel-
lum. obliquely truncate; labrum not coarsely punctured
asin the 2; pubescence on head, and sides of thorax
apparently yellower than in the ¢ ; tarsi reddish, the
legs clothed with a rather sparse, brown pubescence: no
white pubescence on sides of abdomen, but the first dorsal
IZ20 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
segment at apex and the second at base, with whitish
pubescence (this is worn off in one specimen), apical
dorsal segment emarginate. Length, 19-21 mm.
El Taste, west side and at 3,400 feet; San José del
Cabo, October; Cypress Mills, Texas (Col. .G._B. ‘€res-
son). This is the first species known to occur north of
South America, and it is very distinct from the other
described species by its non-metallic color of abdomen,
and by the eyes approaching closely on the vertex. Its
nearest ally is an undescribed species from Brazil in the
collection of George B. Cresson, which differs from it
by the entirely fuscous wings and in the coloration of
pubescence.
XYLOCOPA VARIPUNCTA Patton. Three specimens.
West side of El Taste,
XYLOCOPA ORPIFEX Sm. Ten 2 and 4 specimens.
Comondu (ffaznes), March. El Taste, 3,400 feet.
XyYLocopa sp. Twelve specimens of a large species
that may be enzfennts DeG. San José del Cabo, Octo-
ber. Comondu ( Flaznes ), March.
EXOMALOPSIS PULCHELLA Cr. San José del Cabo,
October:: Three.2 specimens:
BoMBUS SONORENSIS Say. Comondu( //a7nes ), March.
El Taste, 3,400 feet. Six females, six neuters.
In addition to the foregoing, the following species were
noted in the former paper:
Chrysis sonorensis Cam. Notogonia argentata Bye.
Parnopes chrysoprasina (7?) Sm. Gorytes eximius Prov.
Spherophthalma erudita Cress. Masaris maculifrons Fox.
Photopsis inconspicuus Bl. Odynerus mystecus Sauss.
Photopsis nokomis Bl. Odynerus Saussure? Fox.
Photopsis nigriventris Fox. Halictus desertus Sm.
Photopsis Blakeii Fox. Aygapostemon nasutus Sm.
Brachycistis petiolatus Fox. Panurgus halictoides Fox.
Brachycistis castaneus Cress. Calliopsis margaritensis Fox.
HYMENOPTERA FROM
Brachycistis glabrellus Cress.
Paratiphia albilabris Spin.
Pompilus tenebrosus Cr.
Pompilus connexus Fox (nec Sm.)
Planiceps concolor Sm.
Mygnimia mexicana Cr.
Sceliphron luce Sauss.
Sceliphron ceruleum L.
Ammophila varipes Cr.
Ammophila luctuosa Sm.
Monedula mammillata (?) Hdl.
Bembex luce Cress. MS.
LOWER CALIFORNIA. EZE
Perdita sparsa Fox.
Perdita arcuata Fox.
Ericrocis rugosa Fox.
Anthidium californicum Cress.
Megachile pollicaris Cress.
Megachile exilis Cress.
Diadasia enavata Cress.
Diadasia diminuta Cress.
Xylocopa arizonensis Cress.
Centris lanosa Cress.
Apis mellifica L.
SOME PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM LOWER
CALIFORNIA.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD.
The following paper is based upon a small but inter-
esting collection of parasitic Hymenoptera made by
Messrs. Gustav Eisen and Charles D. Haines, in Lower
California, Mexico, transmitted to me, to be worked up,
by Mr. Wm. J. Fox, of the Philadelphia Academy of
Sciences.
The specimens collected by Haines were taken in the
spring of 1889 and those by Eisen in the fall of 1893.
The collection comprised in all forty-four specimens, but
these represented twenty-one distinct species, and several,
as was to be expected, prove new to science.
Family PROCTOTRYPID Az.
IsOBRACHIUM Forster.
1. ISOBRACHIUM RUFIVENTRIS Ashm.
Monog. N. A. Proctotrypide, p. 38.
One 4 specimen from E] Chinche (Eisen).
Family BRACONID.
_ Subfamily BRACONINZE.
IPHIAULAX Forster.
2. IPHIAULAX MEGAPTERA Cam.
Biol. Centr. Am. Hym., p. 358; Tab. xv, f. 5, @.
Two ¢ specimens; one trom San José del Cabo, and
the other from E] Chinche (Eisen), the latter being only
about half the size of the former, but othewise, in struc-
ture and color, agreeing perfectly with the larger speci-
men.
Subfamily DORYCTIN A.
OpONTOBRACON Cameron.
3. ODONTOBRACON GRANDIS, Sp. n.
? .—Length, 15 to 17 mm.; ovip. 12 mm. Middle lobe
2p° SER. aViOD. LV. April 25, 1894.
PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA. 123
of mesonotum, scutellum, metathorax, mesopleura, me-
sopectus and abdomen red; head, antenna, prothorax,
lateral lobes of mesonotum, tegula, wings and legs, black.
Head quadrate, the vertex smooth, the face rugose,
sparsely pilose; palpi fuscous; antenne a little shorter
than body, tapering toward tips; the pronotum is crenated
at sides; the mesonotum, except the posterior part of the
middle lobe just in front of the scutellum, which is strongly
transversely crenated, is smooth and shining; metathorax
reticulated and with a median longitudinal carina; wings
black, the recurrent nervure very nearly interstitial, the
second submarginal cell only about two-thirds the length
of the first; there is a white streak at the junction of the
recurrent and first transverse cubital nervures.
Abdomen a little longer than the head and thorax
united and a little broader than thorax; first segment
reticulated with irregular sized punctures, the rugosities
lineated toward apex; second segment with a large hexa-
gonal, striated plate, the segment on each side of the
plate rugoso-punctate; third segment with the basal two-
thirds striated, the stria becoming more or less obsolete
toward the lateral margins; fourth segment at extreme
base showing some very short stria; otherwise, with the
rest of the abdomen smooth, polished; ventral valve large,
plow-share shaped.
Two ? specimens from San José del Cabo (Eisen).
Subfamily CHELONINE.
CHELONUS Jurine.
4. CHELONUS ALBOBASILARIS Sp. n. 7
$.—Length, 3 mm. _ Black, rugoso-punctate, faintly
sericeous; trophi, more or less of legs, and basal one-third
of abdomen, white; two basal joints of antenne, rufous;
all coxe and the hind femora, black; anterior and middle
124 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
femora more or less dusky above, as well as two or three
apical tarsal joints; hind tibiz at base and apex fuscous.
Antenne as long as the body, 24-jointed, tapering to-
ward tips; face finely rugulose, opaque; clypeus shining,
finely and rather closely punctate; mandibles yellowish-
white, with black teeth.
Thorax with the parapsides indicated by crenate punc-
tures, the surtace of the mesonotum before the scutellum
very coarsely reticulated, but anteriorly and laterally
it is smoother, punctate, with a slight lustre; scutellum
on desk smooth, shining, with some microscopic punc-
tures; pleura and metathorax very rugose, the latter trun-
cate posteriorly, the superior edge carinated and the angles
produced into a tooth; wings greyish-hyaline, with the
nervures dark fuscous, the subcostal and median nervures
yellowish.
Abdomen a little longer than the head and thorax
united, not segmented, opaque, finely sericeous and very
uniformly sculptured, the basal third of dorsum and the
venter white; apex with a transverse fissure, containing
a tubercle at the middle.
One 6 specimen from El Chinche (Eisen). This
species in color approaches quite closely to C. das¢macula
Cam. from Mexico, but in size and structure it 1s appar-
ently quite distinct.
Subfamily AGATHIDIN..
CREMNops Forster.
5. CREMNOPS CRESSONI Cam.
Agathis albitarsis Cr. nec Brullé, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phil., iv, p. 65.
Agathis cressoni Cam., Biol. Centr. Am. Hym., p. 398; Tab. xvi, f. 9.
Of this striking species, five specimens were obtained;
three 6 6 from San José del Cabo, and one ¢ from El
Chinche (Eisen) and one 2 from Sierra Laguna (Haines).
PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA. 2
Fal
6. CREMNOPS LIBERATOR Brullé.
Agathis liberator Brullé, Hymen., iv, p. 502; Prov. Faun. Ent. du
Can., 11, p. 523; Cress. Syn. N. A. Hym., p. 227.
One specimen from San José del Cabo (Eisen).
7. CREMNOPS MELANOPTERA Sp. n.
é.—Length, 6.5. Unitormly brownish-yellow, with
the antenne, wings, extreme tip of posterior tibia and
hind tarsi, black; labrum dusky or black.
Body smooth, polished, thorax trilobed, the middle lobe
with a crenate median grooved line, the metanotum with
a broad crenated median turrow; wings with an irregular
whitish spot in the first submarginal cell; areolet quadrate.
Described from one ¢ specimen from San José del
Cabo (Eisen).
Micropus Nees.
8. Micropus SANCTUS Say.
Bassus sanctus Say., Bost. Jour. N. H., i, p. 249; Lec. Ed. Say., vol.
ii, p. 703.
Microdus sanctus Cress., Syn. N. A. Hym., p. 227.
Nine 6 specimens from San José del Cabo (Eisen).
g. MicropUS MELANOPLEURUS sp. n.
6.—Length 7 mm. Orange-red; head, trophi, pro-
and mesopectus, mesopleura, metathorax, coxe, trochan-
ters, hind tibiz and tarsi, and wings, black; ocelli white.
Face finely punctate; vertex, thorax, except the meta-
thorax, and abdomen smooth, impunctate, shining; meta-
thorax rugose.
Described from one 6 specimen from San José del
Cabo (Eisen).
Family ICHNEUMONID.
Subfamily OPHIONIN &.
TuyreEopon Brullé.
10. ‘'THYREODON FLAMMIPENNIS sp. n.
? .—Length 23mm. Black; wings bright fulvo-ferru-
126 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ginous, the tips margined with fuliginous, the hind pair
with the anal area black; head and thorax opaque, closely
punctate; scutellum, femora and abdomen shining.
Head transverse, a little narrower than the thorax with
the face produced; eyes slightly emarginated within; face
closely, evenly punctured, with a median carina extend-
ing from between base of antennae, where it is highest,
forward on to the clypeus, where it becomes obsolete;
labrum produced; mandibles black, with two yellow spots
more or less confluent at base; palpi black; antenne ex-
tending to apex of petiole of abdomen.
Thorax without furrows, the scutellum deeply impressed
at base and connected with the mesonotum by lateral
carine, posteriorly rounded, shining, but still punctate;
metathorax opaque, finely rugose, the posterior face with
a slight median impression, but with no distinct carine.
Abdomen shining, much compressed, the segments
after the third microscopically aciculated, but still shining.
Described from one 2 specimen from El Taste, at an
altitude of 3,400 feet (Eisen).
This is one of the most beautiful species yet discovered
in this genus, and evidently mimics some of the spider-
killing wasps (Pompilus and Pepsis) so common in
Mexico.
Oputon Fabricius.
II. OPHION SUBFULIGINOSUS sp. n.
8, @.—Length 12 to 14 mm. _ Brownish-ferruginous;
wings cinereous, subfuliginous toward apex, the stigma
brownish yellow, the internal nervures black or blackish;
mandibles at tip black.
Head transverse, polished, impunctate, except face and
clypeus, which are rather closely punctate; eyes dis-
tinctly emarginated within; ocelli large, the lateral touch-
ing the eye margin; clypeus truncate anteriorly, well
PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA. 127
separated from the face by rather deep oblique fovee;
labrum triangular, fimbriated; antenne as long as the
body or a little longer, the first flagellar joint much longer
than the scape, pedicel and annular joints combined, or
one-third longer than the second flagellar joint.
Thorax smooth, polished, at the most with sparse, mi-
croscopic punctures, only visible with a high power lens;
scutellum tinged with yellow and with slight lateral carina,
posteriorly rounded; metathorax and lower part of meso-
pleura closely punctate, the posterior face of metathorax
bounded above by a delicate carina; wings with the second
discoidal cell a little longer than the third, the discoidal
nervure obtusely angularly bent, but without a trace of a
process or stump of the cubital nervure.
Abdomen about 2% times as long as the thorax, com-
pressed, smooth, shining, clothed with a fine fulvous down,
the petiole one-third longer than the second segment with
the elliptic-shaped spiracles placed at two-thirds its length.
Described from one 4 and two 2 specimens from El
Taste and one 2 from E] Chinche (Eisen).
12. OPHION sp-
One 2 specimen (damaged) from San Esteban (Haines).
ENICOSPILUS Custis.
13. ENICOSPILUS sp.
One ¢ specimen from San José del Cabo (Eisen), un-
fortunately without abdomen and unfit for describing.
14. ENICOSPILUS sp.
One ? specimen from San Esteban (Haines), not in
condition to be identified.
Paniscus Gravenhorst.
15. Pawniscus (?) GEMINATUS Say.
Ophion geminatus Say, Lec. Ed. Say, 1, p. 379.
Paniscus geminatus Say, Cress. Synopsis, p. 202.
128 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Two 2 specimens from San José del Cabo (Eisen).
This is one of the forms which usually passes for this
species, but which, I think, will probably prove a distinct
species.
16. PANISCUS MEDIUS sp. n.
? .—Length 12 mm.; ovip. 2 mm. Brownish-yellow;
face and clypeus yellowish-white; ocellilarge, prominent,
the lateral touching the eye; eyes distinctly emarginate
within; thorax smooth, trilobed; metanotum smooth, with-
out a vestage of carine; wings hyaline, the costa and
stigma brownish-yellow, the other nervures black, the
discoidal nervure with a distinct stump of a vein;.abdo-
men twice as long as the head and thorax united, strongly
compressed, viewed from the side, not much broadened
towards apex; the petiole is a little more than one-third
longer than the second segment, with the spiracles placed
at two-fitths its length, the second segment is about 2%
times as long as wide at apex.
Described from one specimen, from San Esteban
(Haines).
This species resembles somewhat P. ¢exanus, but is
larger, differently colored, with a stump of a vein in the
discoidal nervure, and with the segments of the abdomen
relatively different.
EXETASTES Gravenhorst.
17. EXETASTES FASCIPENNIS Cress.
Proc. Ent: Soc. Philly iv, p.-278.-
Two ? specimens from Comondu, March, 1889 (Haines).
ro. EXETASTES OBSCURUS Cress.
Proc; Ent: Soc. Phil) iv, p. 281.
One 4 specimen from Comondu, March, 1889 (Haines).
19. EXETASTES SCUTELEARIS Cress:
Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., iv, p. 279.
One 2 and two 6 specimens from San Esteban (Haines),
April, 1339;
>
PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA. 129
ASTIPHROMMA Forster.
20. ASTIPHROMMA MEXICANUS sp. n.
?.—Length 8 mm. Ferruginous, face yellowish;
orbits to ocelli, mandibles, palpi, tegule and prosternum,
whitish; antennz slender, tapering toward tips and longer
than the body; face finely punctate; metathorax distinctly
regularly areolated; wings hyaline, the stigma and vena-
tion dark brown, the former with a white spot at base;
abdomen about as long as the head and thorax together,
compressed, polished, the petiole about one-fourth longer
than the second segment, with a slight sulcus above;
ovipositor not quite as long as the basal joint of hind
tarsus, the sheaths stout or broad; claws pectinated.
Described from one ? specimen, from El Chinche
(Eisen).
Subfamily CRYPTIN®.
21. MESOSTENUS EISENII sp. n.
? .—Length 9 mm; ovipositor not quite as long as the
abdomen. Head, except anterior orbits, the clypeus and
trophi, prothorax, except hind margin, and mesonotum,
except lateral margins, black; antennal joints 8 to 12
above, anterior orbits, lateral margins of mesonotum,
tegulz and a short line beneath, white; basal two joints
of antenne, clypeus, trophi, scutellum and rest of the
thorax and the abdomen, rufous.
Head and thorax punctate, the metathorax indistinctly
areolated; wings subhyaline, the venation brown; abdo-
men slender, longer than the head and thorax united,
highly polished, impunctate.
Described from a single ? specimen, from El Taste,
3,400 feet altitude (Eisen).
2p SER., VOL. IV. (91) April 25, 1894.
ON LAND AND FRESH WATER MOLLUSCA OF
LOWER CALIFORNIA. No. 4.
BY J. G. COOPER.
A. Tare Recion Exevorep:
In the autumn of 1893 Dr. G. Eisen made another
collecting trip through that most tropical portion of Lower
California lying south of the Tropic of Cancer. Having
previously collected chiefly during the dry and colder
months, it was intended to study the influences of the
summer rains and heat on the animal and vegetable life
of that region.
His work was under the auspices of the Academy of
Sciences, and he was accompanied by Mr. and Mrs.
Brandegee, as botanists.
They arrived at San José del Cabo September 5th, and
were about two months in the field. Unfortunately, the
season had been uncommonly dry, and there was only
one heavy rain during their stay, about October 15th.
The results of this dryness are apparent in the few addi-
tions made to land mollusca; but still there were many
interesting observations to record on new local forms from
points not before visited, as well as one decidedly new
species.
An aneroid barometer was used to ascertain the approx-
imate heights at which the specimens were collected, and
gave elevations not far different from those marked down
on the U. S. Coast Survey maps of the region. The
summits of the peaks, however, were always found to be
granitic and waterless, so that few mollusca could exist
far above the camping grounds, where springs and alluvial
soil caused enough vegetation to supply food and dense
shrubby vegetation for the protection of shells from ene-
mies or from the hot sun.
2p S=R., Vou. IV. April 28, 1894.
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. Wei
The heights of camps given are not generally within
several hundred feet of the summits, but are at the local-
ities where shells were found living in most cases, while
lower down there were more dead ones. As in this State,
the occurrence of great numbers of shells on the surface,
mostly dead, indicated that the annual production of young
is quite limited, but that the shells have been accumulating
for many years, while for many miles between such spots
not one can be found. The whole collection was made
within forty miles north of Cape St. Lucas, and some of
the rarest of those distributed so sparingly by Xantus
were found abundant only ten miles north of the Cape
and a little over 2,000 feet above the sea. (Distances in
straight lines. )
The following localities of camps were the most pro-
ductive of land shells:
I. San José del Cabo and along the little permanent
river for twenty miles northward to Santa Anita at a
height of 300 feet, and near thirty miles N. N. E. of the
Cape. (This place was before estimated at only 100 feet
elevation.)
2. Sierra El Chinche, ‘‘Chinchbug Mountains,’’ eight
miles north of Cape (about latitude 23°), 2,000 feet alti-
tude.
3. Sauzito, a few miles north and 3,200 feet high.
4. Sierra El Taste, ‘‘ Meadow Mountains,’’ eighteen
miles north and 4,200 feet high.
5. Saltito, north of last and 3,200 feet high.
6. La Chuparosa (the Humming-bird) is a camp on
the Sierra Laguna, and is near 6,000 feet altitude instead
of 2,000, as before printed.
7. Sierra Laguna, about forty miles north, near the
Tropic of Cancer, and put down by the U.S. Coast Sur-
vey map as 5,924 feet, though Dr. Eisen’s barometer
132 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
made it 276 feet higher, and he thinks some peaks are
over 7,000 feet.
None of these figures indicate the highest points of the
peaks, only the camps.
The preceding are all along the central ridge of the
peninsula, and the Coast Survey gives heights of two.
somewhat parallel ridges varying from 773 feet near Todos
Santos ‘Creek to 2,183 for the western, and 442 near
Punta Arena to 4,419 further south on the eastern side of
the peninsula.
This mountainous region extends about as far north as
south of the tropic, which thus crosses the center of it.
There the level suddenly falls to a low plain from 75 to
100 feet above the sea, extending clear across the penin-
sula, so that there is lttle doubt of the former existence
of the southern region as a tropical island, about 100
miles long and 4o miles wide. From this isolation many
peculiarities of the molluscan life may be expected, as
compared with the more northern regions.
Sierra Laguna is named from the former existence of a
lagoon somewhere on it, which is reported to have bro-
ken away its boundaries and become dry. There is not
believed to be any fresh-water lagoon anywhere on this
mountainous region south of La Paz, but some brackish
ones exist at the mouths of creeks in the dry season.
The only fresh-water shells found higher than Santa
Anita were the Limnophysa, Physa and Pisidium, named
in these Proceedings, 2d series, voli, p.r2n7, whic
live near the springs that do not entirely dry up. The
Pisidium may often be found where only dampness re-
mains, and can crawl up the streams in that condition,
or, if still drier, buries itself in the mud, perhaps for
years, to await the next shower.
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. 123
B. BULIMULUS (PALLIDIOR?) VEGETUS AND ITS SUB-
SPECIES.
It has long been a doubtful question concerning two
species (or forms) of this group, as to whether they were
identical with two South American species (only differ-
ing as varieties at most), or were radically distinct and
autochthonous.
The first American describers of species from the
peninsula could find no specific differences, or else, con-
sidering the great variations in species of this group, did
not venture to separate them on comparison with descrip-
tions and typical specimens, although Dr. Gould at first
considered his B. vegetus specifically distinct from B. pal-
fidior. Still later, Binney and Bland described the lingual
dentition of the Peruvian B. pallidior, and had means of
comparing that of the peninsular allied form, but did not
report any differences between them.
Since the expedition to the peninsula in 1891, Dr. W. H.
Dall, to whom I sent living specimens of the so-called
“*B. proteus Broderip’’ from the mountains, has separated
the peninsular shell from the South American, without
giving any but external differences. It is not strange
that without good and numerous Peruvian and Chilian
examples we were compelled to agree with the older
authors in uniting them, since even Dr. Dall, with numer-
ous specimens from both regions, has not ventured to
distinguish the peninsular B. pallidior. Iam willing to
agree to the distinctness of B. montezuma Dall, but for
the sake of consistency must also contend that the other
disputed form is also different in North and South Amer-
ica, the most northern having already been separated as
B. vegetus Gould.
Still further to show the differences in the species of
the unconnected geographical regions it may be stated
134 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
that, to some extent, there are corresponding local varia-
tions in those otf North and South America, probably
caused by their environments, and not proving their
identity. This is alluded to by Dr. Dall as ‘*‘ remarkably
similar effects produced by similar environments acting
upon plastic forms of the same genetic history.’” This
can hardly apply to the very different climate, vegetation,
etc., of Costa Rica, but may account for the similarities
in the shells of North and South America.
In studying the variations in the forms of Bulimulus on
the peninsula, anyone must be struck by the numerous
characteristics of specific and even generic value which
more or less connect them all, and yet divide them into
groups so that they appear separable into divisions as ex-
treme as almost one for each species. Still they are so
linked together that similar characters of less importance
connect shells of evidently distinct genera, and it becomes
difficult to decide what to call specific and what generic.
Further knowledge of the animals will probably unravel
these difficult problems.
But now, as we look at characters of the shell alone,
we find it hard to separate many of the forms specifically
because there are so many intermediate specimens. Thus
a form from the Sierra El Taste (Meadow Mountains),
in the central ridge north of Cape St. Lucas, has char-
acters like these of (1) B. vegetus,. (2) B.vexcelsus. (3).
spirifer and (4) B. montezuma (as they were first described
in this order), and I therefore call it variety VEGEXSPIZA.
With the whiteness of No. 1, they have the form of No. 2,
the fold on columella of No. 3 and the cross-striation of
No. 4. (Dall has named this BL. pallidior var. striatula. )
One of this form was mentioned by me as from Sierra
Laguna, in a former article, p. 210, and Dall states that
itis common on some of the islands. There is also in
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. : ASiEy
this last collection a form connecting still more closely
the B. vegetus with B. montezuma, which may be called
either a white variety of the last or a rough variety of the
first, the sculpture being as strongly shown. I have had
this lithographed from a photograph, enlarged 15 diame-
ters. The present forms, now called species, were prob-
ably much more closely connected when this region was
an island.
C. SEcTION LEPTrosyrsus Crosse & Fischer.
These authors are followed by Dall in making this
division of Bulimulus to include some species resembling
B. spirifer Gabb, in having a more strongly twisted pil-
lar in the upper part of the body-whorl, as in pl. v, fig. 4.
Sometimes this has also a lamina more or less widely de-
veloped, which is continued to the mouth ‘‘ as a fold or
rounded ridge such as appears in the various species of
subsection A.’’ Now, under B&B. suffatus Gould, Dall
says: ‘‘In specimens which have survived a dry season
attached to bark or stone the inside of the peristome and
the space on the body between the two lips is often much
thickened by a deposit of callus.”’ I have also recorded
this thickening and abnormal development of teeth in
some island species, but attribute it to food and other
causes.
I am of the opinion that the growth ot the wide lamina
in some specimens is also an abnormal deposit, and caused,
perhaps, by irritation of the muscles used in holding up
the shell when attached to a vertical surface of rock or
tree. Even the extra twist of the pillar is explainable on
the same principle like the divergent mouth, none of these
characters being constant. I give a view of a shell with
this pillar twist that in everything else is a B. cuscendens,
yet Dall would make it a ‘‘&. dryantz,”’ according to his
theory, on account of an abnormal and perhaps a patho-
136 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
logical growth, putting it in a different section with a
jaw-breaking name! It is a parallel to the occurrence of
the lamina or ‘‘fulcrum’’ in some helicoid shells, devel-
oped from some unusual condition of the animal, but not
constant. It is true that such characters may prove use-
ful, and therefore in time develop into generic characters,
but in cases like this I can only believe them to be path-
ological.
I have examined many specimens of the zzscendens form
without finding anything to warrant such a division of
specimens by an internal and often hidden character,
while they appear the same outside. Their variability is
quite as great, if not greater, internally than externally,
and few such variations are any more reliable as guides
to the division into sections, genera, etc.
Dr. Dall considers the much enlarged figures given in
the 3d article as ‘‘ not characteristic ’’— probably because
they are somewhat unlike specimens sent to him for the
purpose of showing how much variation is to be expected
in these shells. I have had figures engraved from photo-
graphs showing extreme forms as unlike the original types
as can be found.
BULIMULUS MONTEZUMA Dall.
From what has been written as to the subspecies of
EB. vegetus, it will be evident that this must be considered
the mountain form of the group. Numerous living shells
were found on the El Taste Mountains. They occurred
down to near 1,000 feet elevation, so that their range in-
terlocks with that of B. vegetus, between that and 3,000
feet, while the intermediate forms were found in this in-
terval. Among these are the six which I have called var.
vegexspiza, which unite also some of the characters of
section Leptobyrsus, but not equally in all. From their
central position they seem to be nearly like the original
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. E37
stock from which some others of this group have branched
off, retaining some characters or acquiring others during
their migrations. Among these are some exactly like
Gould’s B. vegetus trom La Paz, and also some like the
‘‘pallidior’’ form. At first I thought some of them were
B. excelsus Gid., and perhaps B. spirifer Gabb, with a
tooth visible in the aperture, but I could find no twisted
pillar nor flange inside.
BULIMULUS INSCENDENS W. G. B., and varieties.
From El Taste Mountains Eisen sent about fifty normal
in form, seventy-four of var. dryant7 and two of var.
beldingz. Among them is every variety of size and
smoothness, from a high polish to the roughness of
B. montezuma, without any connection between these
conditions; but Dr. Dall has named two more forms as
var. alta Dall and var. monticola Dall, both of which I
consider too unsettled to be of any value. Besides these,
he has rather confused the subject by admitting my var.
bryant? on p. 643, and then making some specimens which
have internal laminz a good species, on p. 645, under the
same name.
BULIMULUS ARTEMISIA W. G. Binney.
This is one of the extremely aberrant species which
Dr. Dall tries to force into § Leptobyrsus on account of
‘‘a faint elevated ridge far within the aperture.’ It
might better rest in Peronzus until the animal is examined
and compared with that of Columna. Dr. Eisen found
it most abundant in the El Taste Mountains, obtaining
about seventy between 3,400 and 4,200 feet elevation, but
only one was fresh and seemed to contain the animal,
though many had the curious epidermis unworn. This
is shown in pl. vi, fig. 5, X 15 diameters, and the shell in
pl. v, fig. 13. The specimens are all of the size of Bin-
138 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ney’s type, but the epidermis is not pale yellow, but
chestnut-brown when fresh. This has also a beaded ap-
pearance, as shown enlarged in the figure. The little
tubercles tormed about 27 revolving rows on the body-
whorl and 8 to 18 rows on the others, except the two
nuclear, which have the usual vertical riblets. There
appeared to be deciduous flakes of epidermis on the
granulations before brushing them oft. Inside of mouth
when fresh, brown and shining, and some had a divergent
mouth, as in B. cuscendens bryanti. In most of them the
lips are connected by a continuous callus, and in some it
is raised, as in Colwmna ramentosa, but less everted and
thickened, as well as more oval in form.
Three were tound near Cape St. Lucas, which measure
0.86 to I inch long and 0.24 to 0.30 wide. Two of them
are half bleached, but with some traces of epidermis on
them, as well as sculpture.
In form and epidermis there is thus a remarkable re-
semblance between this shell and Columna ramentosa, es-
pecially to the subspecies abdreviata, as is shown on
comparing fig. 17 with fig. 8 (which is magnified twice),
as well as in figs. 30 and 31. From these facts a genetic
connection in the tertiary epochs can hardly be doubted,
although their generic characters have since widely
diverged.
BULIMULUS XANTUsI W.G. Binney (&. gabbz C. & F.)
The opinion I advanced as to the identity of these two
forms is confirmed by Dr. Dall from comparing Binney’s
type with the description and figure of Crosse & Fischer.
As turther proof, Dr. Eisen collected forty specimens on
the El Taste Mountains, which present characters chiefly
of Binney’s type, but also some with variations like
‘*B. gabbi’’ and those of the more eastern forms which
oiven the name oft
I referred to 4. waniusz. Dall hase
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. 139
var. /evis to this, but it is probable that fresher specimens
will show more of the sculpture of typical xantus/.
Of the late collection some are living, and these are
strongly sculptured, as shown on pl. vi, fig. 29. (By an
oversight, the revolving stria are given as vertical in this
and in fig. 28; the lines of growth crossing them are not
shown strongly enough.) In dead specimens the epider-
mis and its granulations disappear from the surface of all
these small species. In some the vertical growth-lines
are the strongest, in others the revolving stria.
The color of living shells is not yellow or pale brown
and striped, as in var. /evzs, but uniform dark or chocolate
brown. A small bleached shell from about 4,000 feet
altitude, on El] Taste Mountains, is very thin, translucent,
and filled with granitic gravel,which explains its depauper-
ate condition from absence of lime in the soil. Near
Cape St. Lucas seventeen were found, bleached and
smooth, at 2,000 teet elevation. The El Taste specimens
measure 0.80x0.50 inch to 0.95x0.45. The nuclear
whorls closely resemble those of the Columna.
Dr. Dall at first appears to have intended to make a
new species of var. /ev7s, but without fresher specimens
than have yet been found this would not be safe. The
differences from the type pointed out by me in article
No. 2, p. 213, are that the epidermis has no cross-sculp-
ture, though entire, which is analogous to the difference
between the mountain form, monfezuma, and its lowland
representative, vegetus.
BULIMULUS BAILEYI Dall. (Correction. )
B. xantust var. Stearns (in Catalogue?).
‘*Cape St. Lucas, W. J. Fisher and G. Eisen; Ortiz,
Mex., V. Bailey; Guaymas, Mex., E. Palmer.’’
This shell probably belongs to Mexico only; certainly
not to Cape St. Lucas. W. J. Fisher (now deceased)
140 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
may have obtained it on one of the islands, but Xantus
can scarcely have overlooked it, and Eisen informs me
that he never was at Cape St. Lucas until 1893, and he
got nothing like it there. The specimens found abund-
antly at Hermosillo, Mexico, by him, which I called
var. of B. alternatus Say, may possibly be referred to, but
do not agree in every particular with the description.
BULIMULUS SUFFLATUS W. G. Binney.
Specimens of the young of this species much resemble
B.xantusi, but have more swollen and obtuse whorls, the
epidermis being also thinner and quite smooth, pale and
shining. Numerous half-grown living specimens from
El Taste Mountains, at about 3,200 feet altitude, have
the thin alternately-striped epidermis entire, and vary
largely in size of umbilicus. (See pl.v, fig. 11.) When
larger, some examples are much more swollen than the
typical B. sufflatus, and have only a few strips of epider-
mis left, as in fig. 9. Four dead, bleached shells from
El Chinché Mountains, at 2,000 feet altitude, approach
nearer to large B. prlu/a, and are evidently mature, with
thickened lips. One is figured in fig. 10, and they may be
called var. CHINCHENSIS. The nearest to typical BL. pzlula
is from near San José del Cabo, and shown in fig. 12.
Figs. 15 and 16 are of shells from El] Taste Mountains,
3,200 feet high, and bleached, which may be varieties of
some here named, but until more perfect shells are ob-
tained must be uncertain.
The much larger form called by me var. 7vse/aris in
article No. 3, p. 340, figured ‘on pl. xiv, fig; 6,15 weny
similar to fig. 10, except in size, and approaches figs. 15
and 16.
CoLUMNA (RAMENTOSA?) ABBREVIATA J. G.C.
Only four examples of this form were found on the El
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. I4 1
Taste Mountains, at about 4,200 feet, two more slender
than the rest. Only one is fresh, and was probably alive
when found. Both forms are represented double the
natural size in pl. vi, figs. 18, 19, to show the extremes
more ‘‘ characteristically ’’ than the former figures. The
whorls in abbreviata vary from 8 to 9%. Fig. 31 shows
how the sculpture on 3 whorls resembles that of B. arte-
musta, and under that species I have noted the remarkable
similarity in the form of the shells, which extends to that
of the nuclear whorls also.
MELANIELLA TASTENSIS n.sp. Plate vi, fig. 21.
Shell dextral, much elongated, white, translucent,nuclear
whorls as in JV. ezsenzana, third less narrowed, sculpture
nearly similar, whorls 14 to 16, longer and less oblique,
14 of them equaling 16 in that species. Outline of whorls
flatter, mouth vertically longer, body-whorl not contracted,
peristome not continuous, the lips being separated by the
parietal wall about , of an inch. Whole shell a fifth
longer, with the same number of whorls.
Length 0.74 inch, breadth 0.08; mouth 0.10 long, 0.06
wide.*
Six only were found at Saltito Pass, just north of El
Taste Mountains, at 3,200 feet altitude. In some the
upper 6 or 7 whorls are much slenderer, proportionately,
than the rest, as if they were starved when young, and
often bent out of the straight course, as shown in figure.
Found under damp wood on the ground at the end of
the wet (summer) season. Only two of them have 16
whorls, one 13, and three 11, these being immature.
Fig. 21 represents this species, and fig. 20 is JZ. ezsen-
‘ana, given for comparison, both double the natural size.
The figures of the latter, much enlarged, in vol. 111, 2d se-
ries, pl. xiii, give fuller details of form.
*The breadth given for JZ. edsenzana as 0.14 is an error for 0.08.
142 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PATULA HORNI? Gabb.
One perfect specimen was found in Saltito Pass, 3,200
feet, measuring 0.15 inch wide; color dark brown. I
supposed it might be a large H/yalina diegoensis Hemp-
hill, until I detected the scattered bristles and coarser
opaque shell. It is new to the peninsula, having been
found only in southern Arizona before. Unfortunately,
it was crushed by accident. Another, bleached and im-
mature, occurred in a dead shell of Bulimulus.
HYALINIA INDENTATA Say.
A few were also found on El Taste Mountains.
PLANORBIS (ANISUS) ANITENSIS J. G. Cooper.
About twenty specimens from Santa Anita (the only
known locality) show a larger development of halt a
whorl more, measuring 0.30 inch wide. They are figured
double natural size on pl. vi, figs. 22, 23.
The compressed sub-marginal line on right side is so
faint in small ones that it was overlooked in the tormer
figure, though described. In the new specimens there
are also numerous more delicate revolving striz, the outer
whorl being also less flattened toward the mouth. The
sinistral appearance both in this and P. penznsularts is
not in the outline or form of mouth, but in the flattening
of the left side.*
PLANORBIS PENINSULARIS J. G. C.
About fifty more were brought from the same pond,
and nowhere else. The description is correct without the
(2), but the shell is a Nautilina (or Gyraulus) rather than
Anisus. In very young of this and of the preceding the
shell is often white and translucent. Figs. 24 and 25
represent this species double the natural size. See, also,
the enlarged figures in vol. iii, pl. xiv.
* The figure of this species (8a) as given in pl. xiv, vol. iii, has a defect in
the angular form of the right margin, caused by a fracture, but it must be easily
detected as an error on comparison with 8b.
LOWER CALIFORNIAN MOLLUSCA. 143
EXPLANATION OF PLATES V, VI.
Figures 1 to 17 are of naturai size.
Fig. 1. Bulimulus veqetus var. vegexspiza, showing the columellar thick-
ening or tooth.
Fig.2. Young of B. vegetus, the upper translucent, the lower showing a
sight angle on body-whorl.
Fig. 3. A toothed specimen like fig. 1, broken to show the normal form
of pillar. Exactly the same is found in toothed B. montezuma.
Fig. 4. <A typical B. inscendens, showing the pillar more twisted.
Fig. 5. 8B. spirifer from La Paz, showing the strong tooth inside where
Fig.
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
the lamina begins.
.6. <A typical B. inscendens with a rudimentary tooth, more developed
than in fig. 4.
.7. B.inscendens var. alta Dall, strongly sculptured, from Sierra La-
guna.
.8. B.inscendens bryanti, the mountain form, called monticola Dall.
These two have the pillar normal and no laminations.
.9. B. sufflatus, of largest size, having the epidermis only in a few
narrow stripes.
.10. B&B. suffiatus var. chinchensis. An old thick-lipped specimen.
Form near Binney’s type.
g. 11. A half-grown B. suffatus, with wide umbilicus, the epidermis
entire.
12. B. pilula, larger than type, from San José del Cabo.
. 13. B. wantusi, typical form, El Taste Mountains.
.14. B. xantusi levis Dall (—B. gabbi var.? )
s. 15, 16. Forms of B. xantusi ? from El Taste Mountains.
.17. B. artemisia, largest, from Sierra Laguna.
Figures 18 to 25 are double naturai size.
f=}
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
. 18. Columna ramentosa abbreviata.
.19. Columna ramentosa, typical.
.20. Melaniella eiseniana.
.21. Melaniella tastensis.
s. 22, 23. Planorbis anitensis.
s. 24, 25. Planorbis peninsularis.
Figures 26 to 31 are magnified 14 times.
Fig. 26. Surface of Bulimulus montezuma (white var.)
Fig. 27. ae es vegetus vegexspiza.
Fig. 28. he as inscendens bryanti (monticola).
Fig. 29. s a zantusi (typical), fresh specimen.
Fig. 30. es a artemisia ‘* s FS
Fig. 31. gs Columna ramentosa abbreviata.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF RIBBON FISH,
TRACHYPTERUS REX-SALMONORUM, FROM
SAN FRANCISCO.
BY DAVID S. JORDAN AND CHARLES H. GILBERT.
Trachypterus rex-salmonorum, species nova. Plate ix.
—Trachypterus altivelis Jordan and Gilbert, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.,
1881, 52; and Synopsis Fishes of North America, 1882, 618; not
of Kner.
Head 84 in length; cross depth at nape 8. Dorsal
rays, V—170; caudal rays 8; ventral rays 6; pectoral
11. Total length of specimen, with caudal, 17 inches.
Body long and slender, closely compressed and ribbon-
shaped, as usual in the genus. Head short, deeper than
long, the anterior profile steep and nearly straight to the
base of the nuchal crest; dorsal fin beginning on the
top of the nuchal crest, which is directly over the second
third of the diameter of the eye; height of crest slightly
more than diameter of eye, the latter greater than length
of snout and % length of head. Mouth oblique; mavxil-
lary rugose and very broad, its width % its length;
length of lower jaw greater than length of snout, 23
in head, its angle under the front of the orbit. Oper-
cular bones rugose, entirely covering the gills. Pre-
maxillary covered with minute and feeble teeth, in ad-
dition to which in this specimen are three canines, two on
one side and one on the other, directed very obliquely
backwards. On the side having two canines, one ‘is
placed directly behind the other. Lower jaw with three
strong canines on one side and two strong and one weak
canine on the other, all directed obliquely backwards and
inwards.
Dorsal fins slightly connected at base: the filamentous
rays of the first dorsal not quite twice the length of the
2p SER., Vou. IV. May 9, 1894.
NEW SPECIES OF RIBBON FISH. 145
head; ventrals inserted just below axil of pectorals,
filamentous, about half longer than head; pectorals %
longer than eye; caudal rays simple to near tip, where is
sometimes a single fork, the longest filamentous rays about
three times length of head. Dorsal fin much lower than
the body, the longest rays of the second dorsal nearly %
length of head; a series of spinules along the base of the
dorsal, one pair for each ray.
Lateral line well developed, with a series of small in-
conspicuous plates, each of which has a minute central
prickle. Lower part of the body thickly beset with
small spinous tubercles; rest of the skin naked: rays ot
all the fins accompanied by a series of small prickles.
Coloration everywhere bright metallic silvery, an ob-
long jet black blotch a little longer than the eye lying
close along the base of the dorsal and beginning 1% di-
ameters of the eye behind the eye; three larger spots
dusky but not black lying behind this along the side be-
tween the lateral line and the dorsal fin; two smaller
dusky spots on the belly, the one just behind the base of
the ventrals, the other under the second of the four spots
of the back. These spots, except the first one mention-
ed, are all diffuse and are a little less than twice the di-
ameter of the eye in length and about twice as long as
deep. Anterior profile below crest, including front of
snout and tip of mandible, jet black. Caudal and ven-
tral fins carmine red in life; other fins unmarked.
This species bears some resemblance to Trachypterus
altrvelis described by Kner from Valparaiso. The latter
species has, however, the nuchal crest much lower and
farther back, the first dorsal and the ventrals much low-
er, the second dorsal fin higher, the skin rougher, the
four black spots different in size and position trom those
found in our specimen, and the caudal rays divided near
2D SER., VOL. IV. (10) May 9, 1894,
146 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the base.) It is. probable that the three specimens mer
Trachypterus mentioned by us in the Synopsis of the
Fishes of North America, page 619, and referred with
doubt to 7rachypterus altivelis, really belong to the pres-
ent species. One of these specimens was taken at Santa
Cruz, Cal -by Dr.C. lL. Anderson, :and presentedmra
the United States National Museum; the other two were
obtained in the Straits of Fuca by Mr. J. G. Swan, and
were not preserved. According to Mr. Swan the spe-
cies is known by the Makah Indians west of the Straits
of Fuca as ‘‘ King of the Salmon,’’ and its destruction is
believed to have a baneful influence on the salmon fish-
ing.
The type of the present description was obtained by a
fisherman in the open sea outside the bay of San Fran-
cisco. It is preserved in the museum of the Leland
Stanford Jr. University, on the register of which it is
numbered 1382. The specimen is in perfect condition.
ee a ae
ee
DESCRIPTION OF A LITTLE KNOWN AGONOID FISH,
HIPPOCEPHALUS JAPONICUS.
With Plate xX.
BY FRANK CRAMER.
But two specimens of this little known species seem to
have been previously recorded: one, picked up by Stel-
ler on the shore of one of the Kurile Islands in June,
1743; the second, secured by Tilesius in the Gulf of Pa-
tience, Island of Segalien, July 30, 1805. Steller’s spec-
imen, preserved in a dried condition, was forwarded to
St. Petersburg to become the type of Pallas’ Cottus ja-
ponicus. ‘The second specimen, at first considered iden-
tical with Coftus japonicus, was afterwards separately de-
scribed by Tilesius under the name A gonus stegophthal-
mus. Of the latter, Tilesius has left several descriptions
and figures (see synonymy) which are unfortunately dis-
cordant in many of their details.
Subsequent writers have added little to the history of
the species. The types of japonicus and stegophthalmus
seem not to have been re-examined or compared, but Cu-
vier and Valenciennes, after a careful review of the pub-
lished figures and descriptions, decided that stegophthalmus
and japonicus were identical, and needlessly proposed for
the species a new name, swperciliosus. In 1839, Aspidopho-
rus superciliosus, Aspidophorus quadricornis and A gonus
decagonus were ranged by Swainson in a new genus, for
which he proposed the name //zppocephalus. Needless
to say, his generic characterization is worthless, and the
three species therein included are not congeneric, deca-
gonus belonging in fact in an entirely different part ot
the family. As the species swpercrlrosus (= japonicus) is
mentioned by Swainson first, it has been customary to
consider it the type of the genus. Characterizations of
2D SER., Vou. IV. May 9, 1894.
148 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the latter, based on current descriptions, have been at-
tempted by Gill, and by Jordan and Gilbert.
A fine alcoholic specimen of this species is in the pos-
session of the California Academy of Sciences, to which it
was presented about 1882 by Dr. Krause of Berlin, Ger-
many. This has been kindly loaned to the writer, and
on it are based the following figures and descriptions.
The specimen is 360 mm. long, and was obtained in the
Okhotsk Sea.
[Hippocephalus japonicus is most Closely related to A gon-
omalus proboscidalis and Hypsagonus guadricornis. ‘These
three species are confined to the shores of the North Pa-
cific Ocean and differ much more trom the other mem-
bers of the family than they do from each other. The
group is distinguished by having the body compressed,
the back elevated behind the nape, two rows of strong
spines along each side of body, the spinous dorsal begin-
ning immediately behind the nape with its spines strong
and rough, the mouth terminal, and the branchiostegal
membranes broadly united and free from the isthmus.
The genus //7ppocephalus may be defined as fol-
lows: Body moderately elongate, compressed, the back
elevated behind nape; two rows of strong spines along
each side of body: spinous dorsal beginning immediately
behind nape, the spines strong and rough; head depressed;
gill- membranes free from the isthmus; mouth terminal;
teeth present on jaws and vomer, none on palatines; no
barbel at tip of snout; no occipital spines; the two dor-
sals well separated.
SYNONOMY.
Cottus japonicus Pallas, ‘‘Spicilegia Zoologia, vii, 30, plate v, figs. 1-3,
1772,” dry specimen, Kurile Islands; Gmelin, Syst. Nat. Ed. XIII,
p. 1213, 1788 (after Pallas); Walbaum, Artedi’s Ichthyologia, Part
iii, 387, 1792; Tilesius, ‘‘Krusenstern’s Reise um die Welt, iv, plate
Sie, ASWBS
Phalangistes japonicus Pallas, Zoog. Rosso-Asiat., 111, 112, 1811.
——
HIPPOCEPHALUS JAPONICUS. 149
Agonus japonicus Bloch & Schneider, Systema Ichthyologia, 105, 1801
(after Pallas).
Hippocephalus japonicus Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis of the Fishes of North
America, 723, 1883 (after Cuv. & Val.).
Aygonus stegophthalmus Tilesius, ‘‘Mém. Soc. Nat. Moscow, ii, 219, 1809,”
and ‘‘Mém. Acad. Péters., iv, 427, plate 12, 1811;” Giinther, Cata-
logue of Fishes, ii, 214, 1860 (copied).
Aspidophorus lisiza Lacépéde, ‘‘ Hist. Nat. des Poissons, iii, 1802.”
Aspidophorus superciliosus Cuy. & Val., iv, 215, 1829.
Hippocephalus superciliosus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, etc., 272, 1839.
EryMoLocy — japonicus; supposed by Steller to be
more common in Japan than where the type was found
{Kurile Islands).
Dracnosis—Body moderately slender, compressed, its
width between the dorsals nearly two in the depth at the
same place; two rows of strong and two rows of weaker
spines along each side of body, and a median lateral row
of spineless plates. Head, 41.* Preopercular spine large,
suborbital spine tubercular, supraocular ridge expanded
into a triangular shelf projecting laterally far beyond eye
and ending bluntly; no occipital spines. Back elevated
behind nape. First dorsal short, beginning at the nape.
Plates in the dorsal series, 43-45; between the dorsals
(from last spine to first ray), r4 pairs (9 pairs between
end of membrane of first dorsal and first ray of second
dorsal). Nasal spines sharp, far apart, at tip of snout.
No median rostral plate. Gill-membranes united, free
from isthmus. Teeth in broad bands on the Jaws and
on vomer; none on palatines. The vent at a point be-
tween 4% and 4 of the distance from ventrals to anal.
Color in spirits, ‘‘ old ivory,’’ with brown patches on
the sides, one under first dorsal, one between dorsals, one
under second dorsal, two or three on peduncle.) 1:16:
eA Os Paes Woo (re Cy 2-13-2.
* The standard of length, when not otherwise stated, is the distance
from the tip of the snout to the base of the caudal fin.
4
150 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Description—The total length is 14% inches. The
body is compressed throughout, but the shoulder girdles
are prominent, so that the width of the body at the base
of the pectorals is a little more than the greatest height,
and 5 in body length. Immediately behind the pecto-
rals the width isa little less than the greatest height:
between dorsals and on peduncle it is nearly two, and
under second dorsal a little more than two in the height
at the same points. Abdomen moderately swollen in front
of vent. The back rises at an angle of 45° behind the
occiput, slopes downward under first dorsal, leaving a
hump under its front end, rises in front of second dorsal
and slopes downward again under it. Ventral outline
nearly straight.
The breast and the area between ventrals and vent are
almost completely occupied by nearly flat, radially striated
plates with slightly raised centers and of variable size, with
innumerable excessively minute plates scattered among
them. Vent surrounded by prickles. The plates of the
ventro-lateral series are small, beginning as distinct rows
of spinous plates about opposite vent, with an imperfect
row of smaller spinous plates between them and the vent
on each side, and converging toward the anal. They
pass along sides of anal, remain distinct to about the
eighth pair of plates behind the anal and unite in a single
median plate with a double spine; from this plate to the
caudal the rows are again distinct, the plates alternating
instead of standing opposite each other. The inferior
and superior lateral series begin as distinct rows of spin-
ous plates about opposite the middle of the spinous dor-
sal, diverge to about the front of the second dorsal and
converge toward the base of the caudal; the plates are
elongated vertically, their spines, rising abruptly from their
centers, are strong, thick, blunt, curved. There are about
HIPPOCEPHALUS JAPONICUS. Ssh
37 plates in the inferior and 35 in the superior longitudinal
row. Between them lies the median lateral series, bear-
ing the lateral line, a nearly continuous row of 38-39
spineless plates extending from head to base of caudal (a
few of them with small blunt tubercles). The dorso-
lateral series is composed of small indistinct plates from
occiput to beyond middle of first dorsal, where they be-
come larger and spinous. The plates of the sixth, sev-
enth, eighth and ninth pairs behind the last ray of second
dorsal are closely approximated, but do not form single
median plates; from the ninth pair to the caudal the plates
of the two rows alternate, as on the ventral surface.
There are almost complete series of small plates, alter-
nating with the large ones, between the dorso- and superior
lateral series, between the superior and median lateral,
between the median and inferior lateral and between the
inferior and ventro-lateral series. This multiplication by
intercalation of small plates is evident all over the body.
There are no large but numerous minute plates in front
of and on base of pectorals. Gill-membranes posteriorly
and medially with several rather weak plates and many
minute plates and prickles, anteriorly and laterally with a
few small plates; under side of lower jaw with many im-
pertect plates or strong prickles; weaker prickles along
the branchiostegal rays.
Head depressed throughout, narrow to the posterior
border of the orbits, behind which it widens rapidly.
Depth behind orbits 7 and over opercles % of the width at
the same points. Orbits large, oval, 4% in head, far for-
ward. Interorbital space a little concave, very broad; at
anterior border of orbits wider than the orbit itself, 31%
in head, at posterior border of orbit 2% in head. Su-
praorbital ridges expanded into a flat triangular shelf
projecting upward and outward over eye and ending
152 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
bluntly. Occipital ridges heavy, low, spineless, forming
low domes behind. The space between them concave.
Preorbital with about two ridges radiating from the an-
terior border of orbit, each ending in a short, broad,
plate-like, blunt spine. Suborbital with a broad dome-
like tubercle. Preopercle with a dorso-ventrally com-
pressed spine; below this 3 successively smaller blunt
spines. Cheeks below orbit and suborbital with 4 or 5
fairly developed and many minute plates. Nasal spines
far apart, near tip of snout, sharp, nearly upright.
A large membranous nasal tube. A _ short, flap-like
barbel at tip of each maxillary. Mucous pores of lower
jaw with flap-like borders. Mouth small, terminal; maxil-
lary reaching a little beyond front of orbit. Angle of
jaw, prominent, tubercular.
The dorsals are tar apart, the first a short distance be-
hind occiput; its spines very rough (like the rays of all
the fins) with minute prickles or plates. Its leathery
membrane also rough. Spines 6, transversely broad at
the base, the fourth longest, 2 in head. Base of second
dorsal about 13 in that of first dorsal; rays 7, the third
longest, about 1% in head. Distance between dorsals
about equal to the base of the first dorsal. The anal be-
gins about 3 plates in front of second dorsal; rays 8, the
fifth longest; anal membrane notched, the distal 4% of
the 3 anterior rays exserted, with a narrow border of
membrane. Caudal rounded, its base about 2 in its
length. Pectorals close to the gill-openings, 44 in length
of body, their base about 3 in their length, rays a little
exserted. Ventrals (male) less than 2 in pectorals, the
inner ray longer, 8 in body. Lateral line (pores) about
II on anterior and about g on posterior part of body.
Color, in spirits, pale brownish or yellowish (‘‘ old
ivory’’); a light brown cross-bar across the back in front
HIPPOCEPHALUS JAPONICUS. SS
of and under first dorsal, narrowing to the upper end of the
base of the pectoral; another, of irregular outline, passing
downward and forward to posterior side of base of pectoral;
a larger one, mostly below the superior lateral series, behind
first dorsal; one under second dorsal and three on ped-
uncle, the last just in front of base of caudal.
Dorsal fins dusky, with small darker patches; first
dorsal with an oblique pale bar near its base. Distal halt
of caudal dark, its tip edged with lighter. Posterior halt
of anal dusky. Pectorals marbled with yellowish and
brown, the membrane of the distal one-third dusky, with
paler edge. Ventrals pale. There are four or five brown
spots on nape; a curved band of brown connecting the
posterior ends of the occipital ridges, another between
the latter and the temporal ridges, and a streak extending
backward trom posterior border of orbit. Brown areas
on opercle and preopercle.
Distribution—Kurile Islands( Steller) ; Gulf of Patience,
Island of Segalien (Tilesius); Okhotsk Sea (Dr. Krause).
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW WOOD-RAT FROM THE
COAST RANGE OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA.
BY W. Wie PRICE.
Neotoma californica sp. nov. Plate xi.
Type No. 335, 6 ad., Museum of the Leland Stanford
Junior University. From Bear Valley, San Benito
County, California, Aipril 2, 1893. ~ Collected by. Ga
Gilbert and W. W. Price.
General Characters.—Closely related to WV. mexicana,
from which it differs in its darker, less fulvous coloration,
its longer ears, and the cranial characters as given below.
Tail densely haired, concealing the annuli, sharply bi-
colored. Ears very large. Throat ashy gray, the white
confined to tip of hairs. Upper surface of feet pure
white.
Measurements (taken in the flesh).—Total length, 336:
tail vertebra, 160; hind foot, 35; ear from ‘crown, 34.
ear from notch (dry skin), 2
Color.—Upper parts yellowish-brown, darker on middle
of back, becoming lighter but not brighter on the flanks,
and with little or no fulvous wash. Under parts grayish-
white, the hairs everywhere plumbeous at base, with the
exception of two broad patches between fore and hind
legs and a connecting line along middle of belly, in which
the hairs are white to the base. The ashy-white extends
well up on the flanks, and on snout to the base of the
whiskers. The yellowish-brown of the upper parts ex-
tends low on sides of head, and crosses the breast in a
faint line in front of the fore legs. It passes down the
upper surfaces of the legs to wrist and ankle, where it
stops abruptly, leaving the upper surfaces of the feet
pure white. Tail bicolored, white below and on sides,
blackish above, darker toward the tip. Ears dusky,
2p SER. VoL. 111. May 9, 1894.
ee a
Ss ae
a ee ee
NEW CALIFORNIA WOOD-RAT. 155
scantily clothed with appressed whitish hairs. In color-
ation this species differs from JV. mexicana in having the
purely white patches on the under side larger, the dusky
element in the dorsal coloration more extensive, and the
lighter element light yellow or buff, instead of deep ful-
vous or tawny.
Cranial characters.—In its cranial characters this spe-
cies very closely resembles V. mexécana, with which it
agrees in the broadly-rounded temporal region, the weak-
ly-marked temporal ridges, the short, deep snout, with
the nasal bones anteriorly produced and overlapping, and
the very small auditory bulla. The two agree also in
shape of mandible, having a very slender, backwardly-
curved coronoid process, and a narrow, acute-angled
postcoronoid notch.
They differ in the following respects:
In californica the nasal processes of premaxillaries ex-
tend posteriorly to well beyond the nasal bones, while in
mexicana they terminate evenly, or nearly so.
In californica the interparietal is longer (antero-
posteriorly) in proportion to its width, with a strong
posterior angle. In mexicana the posterior edge is evenly
rounded, or nearly straight, without well-defined angle.
In calefornica the incisive foramina are short, 8.5 mm.
in length. In mextcana they are unusually long, from ro
mm. to II mm. in specimens of equal size with the
former.
Cranial Measurements.
Skull of type No. 335.
Basilar length of Hensel, 35.5 mm.
Greatest zygomatic breadth, 23. mm.
Least interorbital width, 5.5 mm.
Length of nasals, 16.3 mm.
Distance from incisors to incisive foramen, 3.8 mm.
156 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Length of incisive foramen, 8.5 mm.
Length of rostrum from front of zygoma, 10.5 mm.
Height of rostrum in front of zygoma, 8. mm.
Length of base of upper molar series, 8.5 mm.
Distance between posterior molars, 4.5 mm.
In No. 1207, a specimen of JV. mexzicana,* from the
Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, in which the basilar
length is 36 mm., the measurements agree very exactly
with the above, except in the longer nasals (18.5 mm.),
the longer rostrum (11 mm.), the longer incisive foramen
(10.5 mm.), and the distance separating latter from in-
cisors (3 mm.).
The type specimen is adult, with the crowns of the
molars ground down almost to the base of the plications.
Six specimens, besides the type, are in the University
Museum, two from the same locality as the type, Bear
Valley, San Benito County, and four collected by W. W.
Price, on Mt. Hamilton, Santa Clara County, November
21 and 22, 1892. It is believed that all the specimens
thus far obtained were living among rocks.
LIST OF SPECIMENS.
Museum Total
ay Locality. ameter Tail. | Hind Foot. | paced
181@ Mt. Hamilton. 308 144 33
1873») “ 310 | 120 | 34
1843 | ve Cy re Cs a
1714 c 330 | 152 32 |
3333 Bear Valley. 336 | 160 35 | 34
336 ut 308 ) 3). PIAS AM P30 F mee aoe
*The species here called Meotoma mexicana is represented in the museum of
the University by numerous specimens from the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona,
collected by the writer during the summer of 1893. No comparison has been
possible with WV. mexicana from the typical locality, or with 4. penetorum Mer-
riam, from the San Francisco Mountains.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF WOOD-RAT
FROM ARIZONA.
BY FLORA HARTLEY.
Neotoma albigula sp. nov. Plate xii.
Type No. 1336, 2? ad., Museum of Leland Stanford
Junior University. From the vicinity of Ft. Lowell,
Arizona. Collected June 14, 1893, by W. W. Price and
R. L. Wilbur.
General characters.—In size very similar to Meotoma
mexicana. ‘Tail densely haired, sharply bicolored; upper
surface of feet pure white; throat, chest, middle line of
belly and region between the hind legs pure white to the
base of the hairs; other underparts grayish, the hairs
white at tip and plumbeous at base.
Measurements (taken in the flesh).—Total length, 322;
tail vertebre, 158; hind foot, 32; ear (from crown), 26.
Color.—Upper parts pale yellowish-brown, much lined
with black and with black-tipped hairs. On the sides the
darker shades gradually disappear, leaving an almost pure
light yellowish area along the line of separation from the
white of the underparts; this yellowish streak is brightest
on the flanks and in front of the shoulders. throat:
chest, median line of belly and patch between hind legs
pure white, the color extending to the base of the hairs.
The white area of the chest is continued out along the
inner side of the fore legs. The other underparts are
grayish-white in appearance, the hairs being broadly
white at tip and dark plumbeous at base. The hind legs
appear darker, owing to the narrowing of the white tips
of the hairs. The yellowish-brown of the upper parts
extends down on the outer side of the legs, stopping ab-
ruptly at the wrist and ankle, leaving the feet pure white.
Ears clothed with brown and grayish hairs: whiskers
2D SER., VoL. III. May 9, 1894,
158 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
mixed black and white, reaching to the shoulders; tail
white below and on sides, the dark brown dorsal streak
covering about one-third of its circumference.
Cranial characters.—Posterior process of the intermax-
illaries extending well beyond the nasal bones, reaching
to opposite the posterior part of the anterior upper molar;
interparietal wide and not very long, with an evident
posterior angle. Compared with JV. mex7cana and JV. cal-
?fornica, the cranium is at once conspicuous by its much
more inflated auditory bulla. It has also a deeper snout,
less projecting nasal bones, and deeper post-palatine
notch. It agrees with ca/zfornica in the characters sep-
arating the latter from mex7cana,, having short incisive
foramina, backwardly-produced nasal processes of the
intermaxillaries, and a decided posterior angle to the in-
terparietal. The mandible is heavier and more strongly
ridged than in either of the species just mentioned; the
coronoid and condyloid processes are shorter and thicker,
the latter hardly extending above the former, and the in-
cluded notch is broadly rounded.
Cranial measurements of type, No. 1336.
Basilar length of Hensel, 36 mm.
Greatest zygomatic breadth, 22.5 mm.
Least interorbital width, 5. mm.
Length of nasals, 17. mm.
Distance from incisors to incisive foramina, 3.5 mm.
Length of incisive foramina, 8.3 mm.
Length of rostrum from front of zygoma, II. mm.
Height of rostrum at front of zygoma, 9. mm.
Neotoma albigula agrees in size and general propor-
tions with Veofoma mexicana, but differs in the following
respects:
ee
NEW ARIZONA WOOD-RAT. 159
N. albigula (No. 1336).
Adult with no evident fulvous color.
Young, like adult in color, with belly
almost pure white.
Throat, chest, median line of belly,
and patch between hind legs with
hairs pure white to base.
Posterior process of the intermaxillary
extending several millimeters be-
hind the nasals.
Interparietal long and narrow, with
an evident angle posteriorly.
N. mexicana (No. 1308, Huachuca
Mts., Ariz.).
Adult with evident fulvous.
Young, blue-gray, with belly dark-
gray, each hair with short white
tip.
All underparts with the hairs plum-
beous at base. (A few specimens
have a small patch of hairs en-
tirely white on the chest and be-
tween the hind legs.)
Posterior process of intermaxillary
extending little if at all beyond
the nasals.
Interparietal short and broad, with-
out evident posterior angle.
160 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
LIST OF SPECIMENS.
z £ Locatiry, ye pte DATE, a iE ae =
: ° ARIZONA. | 1893. q : He, -
E | = eS | = =
215 g Ft. Lowell. | Price and Lunt. | Jan. 3. | 320) 144) 33
216 | 4 “ “ | «| 395] 142) 34
a a is | Jan. 6. | 322| 154| 32
298 | 3 c c «| 390 152 34
230 | 3 “ “ Jan. 7. | 322| 155} 32
1200 ) Fairbank. |Price and Wilbur. Aug. 25.) 313) 109) 34 | 26
1202 | @ | Ft. Lowell. « June 17.| 329| 141 33 | 26
1204 | 4 cf “ June 12.| 314| 151) 34 | 25
1206 6 Huachuca Mts. uu July 26. 340° 165 32 | 2)
1304 | 9 “ “ Aug. 5. | 335| 155| 33 | 27
1309 | 9 ge “ | Aug. 3. | 320] 153, 33 | 29
i313 9 “ “ Rees 4.| 340] 154| 34 | 28
1315 g w ss | Aug. 7. | 312] 135 | 32 | 28
1317 | 9 ep ts | Aug. 4. | 835] 144| 32 | 26
1320 | 3 “ “ | Aug. 1.| 345| 155) 34 | 30
1337 | @ | Ft. Lowell. “ June 14.) 332) 158) 32 | 26
1338 é a ee June 13.| 336| 156} 32 | 25
1340 | 8 “ « June 12.| 340 143 32 27
1342 3 Fairbank. ct Aug, 19.) 320) 153')°30))725
1344 | 9 “ “ ‘Aug. 21.| 303) 137] 32 | 23
1345. | 8 “ cs lAug. 21.| 335] 139| 34 | 24
FORMICIDA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO.
BY THEO. PERGANDE.
Since the publication of my paper, published in these
Proceedings (pp. 26-36, ante), I have again received,
through Mr. W. J. Fox of Philadelphia, another small
collection of ants from Lower California, collected by
Dr. Gustav Eisen, among which are some species not
previously recorded from the peninsula of Lower Cal-
ifornia, and also several new forms, which will herewith
be described. I hardly need to say that our knowledge
of the Formicide of Lower California is still very limited,
and that the material now available for study represents
but a small fraction of the genera and species actually
occurring in that interesting region.
FORMICID.
i, C©AMPONOTUS SAYI Emery, subsp. BICOLOR, \n.-
subsp.
6 major:. Length, 9-10 mm. .-blead, 2.8%2.6; “scape,
gimims Post. fem.,-2.0 mim.
Almost identical with the typical form, though larger
and more robust. ‘The head is somewhat longer and its
posterior margin more deeply concave; the surface more
highly polished; eyes smaller; anterior emargination
of the clypeus broader and more distinct. Mandibles
smoother, rather more highly polished, not striated or
but very feebly so, and with fewer punctures. The su-
tures between thoracic segments are deeper, especially
that between the meso- and metanotum: the mesonotum
more elevated.
Colorotion as in sayz, though the head somewhat dark-
enmred.
% minor: Length, 3-7 mm. The head of this form
is much narrower than in the 8 major, particularly pos-
2p SER,, Vou. IV, (aul) May 17, 1894.
162 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
teriorly, and comparatively longer than in sayz; the eyes
are also smaller and less strongly projecting; the protho-
rax more flattened above, its sutures deepey, and the scale
narrower and stouter. It differs from sayz also consider-
ably in the coloration of the head, thorax and scale, par-
ticularly in the smaller specimens.
Head black; the clypeus, cheeks and space in front of
eyes red; the meso- and metanotum above, the upper an-
gle of the metathoracic declivity and the scale black or
dark brown. Otherwise as in Camp. sayz.
®. Length, 11 mm:; expanse-of wings, .24 mm.
The head is either red, with only the posterior edge of
the vertex more or less distinctly dusky, or of the same
coloration as in the worker minor. Thorax highly pol-
ished, red; posterior edge of pronotum above, a large
median spot anteriorly and a subdorsal vitta each side of
mesonotum, scutellum, mesosternal plate and abdomen
black. Legs and scale red. Posterior margin of ab-
~dominal segments yellowish. Wings pale brownish, veins
and stigma darker.
6. Length,6-7 mm. Entirely black, polished. Pos-
terior margin of abdominal segments, extreme tip and
genital valves yellowish-white; the inner pair of valves
gradually brownish towards the end, the apex of the up-
per pair blackish.
Described from many workers, two females and three
males.
Chuparosa, Sierra Laguna.
2. MyrRMECOCYSTUS MELLIGER (Llave?) Forel, var.
SEMIRUFUS Em.
M. melliger var. semirufus Emery, Zool. Jahrbiicher, vii, Abtheil.
f. Syst., p. 667.
One 8. San Julio.
Absolutely identical with the dark form from Colorado.
FORMICIDZ FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 163
3. PLAGIOLEPIS LONGIPES (Jerd.) Emery.
Formica longipes Jerdan, Madras Journ. of Litt. & Sce., xvii, 1851,
Dal22.
Formica gracilipes Smith, Journ. of Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool., ii
1857, p. 55.
Formica trifasciata Smith, Catal. Hym. Brit. Mus., vi, 1858, p.
o7
“ai.
?
Prenolepis gracilipes Mayr, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, xii, 1862,
p. 698.
Plagiolepis gracilipes Mayr, Tijdschr. vy. Entom., x, 1867, p. 73.
Plagiolepis longipes Emery, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, xxiv, 1887,
p. 247.
Plagiolepis gracilipes Rothney, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1889,
p. 373.
Numerous % 8. Todos Santos.
This is the first record of the occurrence of this species
in America. As far as observations go, it has heretofore
been found only in India, British Burmah, Annam, China,
the Sunda Islands, Australia and Samoa.
4. 'TAPINOMA PRUINOSUM Rog., var. ANALE André.
Tapinoma anale André, Revue d’Ent., vol. xii, 1893, p. 148.
%- | San Julie.
This variety has been also found in various localities
in California and at Chihuahua, Mexico.
MYRMICIDZ.
5. APHASNOGASTER CARBONARIA DN. Sp.
%. Length, 4-5 mm. Head elongate, longer than
broad, rounded behind. Face and clypeus densely and
finely striated, the striz coarser and less dense posterior-
ly, the vertex almost smooth. Frontal area with a me-
dian carina. Mandibles longitudinally striated and with
a few coarse punctures near the terminal edge. Protho-
rax with extremely fine striz at the sides anteriorly. Me-
sothorax smooth. Metathorax with fine, transverse striz
above, the striz longitudinal and coarser laterally at pos-
terior half. Metathoracic spines wanting, their position
164 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
represented by minute, toothlike projections at the termi-
nation of the metathoracic ridges. Nodes of petiole erect,
the posterior one stoutest. Head, thorax and abdomen
furnished with rather sparsely set, fine, erect, yellowish
hairs; those of the antenne and legs shorter and less
erect:
Color black, polished. Mandibles, flagellum and tarsi
reddish-brown; the flagellum darkest towards base, with
the apex of the joints blackish. Scape and legs dark
brown.
This species may be easily mistaken for APA. Pergan-
de?, with which it agrees in size and coloration, but may
be readily distinguished from it by the striated head and
metathorax, the absence of metathoracic spines and the
much higher second: node of the petiolus.
Described from eight specimens.
Sierra Laguna and El Chinche.
6. APHANOGASTER JULIANA DN. Sp.
Length, 5-7mm. Head quadrangular, somewhat longer
than wide; its sides almost straight, faintly broader be-
hind; posterior angles rounded. Surface polished, with
fine and dense stri#, somewhat coarser in front of eyes
and slightly diverging posteriorly; stria of vertex trans-
verse. Spaces between the striz, with few, scattered,
shallow punctures.
Mandibles stout, similar to those of Pogonomyrmex,
with two prominent teeth at apex and three to four rudi-
mentary teeth; the surface coarsely striated.
Prothorax transversely rugose, with the space between
the ruge granulated; meso- and metathorax longitudi-
nally rugose and densely granulated between the ruge at
the sides of the metathorax. Spines of metathorax large
and diverging posteriorly; the space between the spines
finely granulated; the posterior declivity smooth.
FORMICIDZA FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 165
First node of the petiole large, its sides parallel, stout-
est at base, the apex rounded gently curved forward and
with two longitudinal impressions. Second node broad-
ly pyriform, stoutest posteriorly, and also with two long-
itudinal impressions above. Both joints are highly pol-
ished and minutely granulated.
Abdomen polished, finely shagreened and sparsely
punctured. MHairs yellowish and rather sparse, more
dense along posterior margin of abdominal segments;
those of the anterior margin of the clypeus are longer
and stouter, while those on the under side of the head are
very long, slender and curved forward. Hairs of antenne
and legs shortest and semi-erect.
Color dark brown, almost black, the thorax somewhat
lighter. Antenna, mandibles and legs reddish-brown.
This species resembles very much APA. Andrez, which
differs from it, however, in the much coarser sculpture
of the head and thorax, in the stronger constriction be-
tween the meso- and metathorax, the stouter and less
strongly curved first node of the petiolus, in the rougher
sculpture of both nodes and in the very profuse, brist-
ling, white and glittering hairs, which are most conspic-
uous on the abdomen and legs.
Described from seven specimens.
San Julio.
7. CREMASTOGASTER BREVISPINOSA Mayr.
Cremastogaster brevispinosa Mayr, Sitzber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, I|xi,
1870, p. 403.
Cremastogaster brevispinosa Mayr, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, xx,
1870, p. 992.
Cremastogaster brevispinosa Mayr, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, xxxvii,
1887, p. 626.
This species has, so far, been recorded from Costa
Rica and the U. S. of Columbia.
Six specimens. Magdalena.
ON SOME PLIOCENE FRESH WATER FOSSILS OF
CALIFORNIA.
BY. J. G. COOPER.
MARGARITANA SUBANGULATA n. sp. Plate xiv, figs.
I-4.
In form nearly intermediate between J7. margaritifera
Linné and J/. marginata Say, beaks more prominent
and anterior than in the former, less so than in the latter,
with twelve or more slight undulations as in J7. undulata
Say. A strong obtuse ridge extends from the beaks to
the posterior basal angle as in Anodonta angulata, with
a gentle curve, and the whole outline is very similar.
The hinge, however, is that of a Margaritana, as
shown in the figure. It is about one-seventh of the
length of shell from the anterior end. Surface smooth,
except near the beaks, with no irregularities else-
where. Basal margin varying from slightly convex to
slightly arched. Few variations in size or form in the
specimens found, five of them nearly perfect. Length,
2-25° inch’; height, “2.50; breadth, o:902* ‘The hinge,
worked out from above in three shells, is like that of JZ.
margaritifera, and the shell is thicker than that of Ano-
donta, which led me to examine the hinge, a portion of
which was exposed in one specimen. Its great resem-
blance to A. angulata, however, arouses the suspicion
that it may be the predecessor of that peculiar species,
having lost its teeth by migrating from running water to
quiet lakes, where teeth are not needed to secure the
valves, and the shell decreased in thickness. Dr. A. A.
Gould suggests such transformations as possible among
living species, and if proved, they would aid very much
in explaining the vast number of forms among our Amer-
ican Unionide. All the California Anodontas inhabit
2p SeR., Vou. IV. May 26, 1894.
PLIOCENE .FRESH WATER FOSSILS. 167
still water; the Margaritanas only rivers, though some
may wash down into lakes.
Found by Mr. W. L. Watts, in a fresh water deposit
on the west border of the Kettleman Plains, a rolling up-
land full of middle and late tertiary marine fossils. (See
his report to the Mining Bureau on oil and gas.)
THe KETTLEMAN LAKE BED.
This fresh water deposit is about ten miles west of Tu-
lare Lake, on the edge of what was probably a pliocene
lake, about twenty miles long and five wide, or half as
large as Tulare Lake is now, and south of west from it,
in the western corner of Tulare County. It is now 400
feet above Tulare Lake, which is itself 200 feet above
sea-level. Unless the region has been much uplifted
since the former lake existed, the two could not have
been connected as one, but some proof of a great uplift
is shown in the dip of the fresh water bed, which is 35°
to the southwest. A far larger lake than Tulare no doubt
existed in the pliocene epoch, if not later, but it could
scarcely have been 600 feet deep, even before it broke
through the Golden Gate.
The following recent species were found in the same
fresh water bed:
1. Amanicola turbiniformis Tryon. Physa costata Newcomb.
4
2. Carinifex newberryi Lea. 5. Spherium dentatum? Haldeman
6
3. Goniobasis occata Hinds. Valvata virens Tryon.
Of these Nos. 2, 4, 5 and 6 still inhabit Clear Lake,
Lake County; Nos. 1, 3 and 6 live southward to Ala-
meda County, but none are now known to inhabit any of
the lakes or streams farther south.
One other extinct species was also found which I have
considered identical with one from Colorado(?), described
by Conrad, as follows:
168 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ANODONTA DECURTATA Conrad. Amer. Jour. of Con-
chology, vol. vi, 1871, p. 200, described and figured from
a cast said to be from Colorado. Plate xiv, figs. 5-8.
The six specimens found differ considerably among
themselves, partly from compression, partly, it may
be, from sexual variation, so I have figured two
of the best for comparison, especially as his was
only a cast, and these have much of the shell. They
show a striking resemblance to Conrad’s. No living
species seems to be so short, and I would have called
it a Unio, if I had not found the hinge well exposed. No
Unio is known now to be living near the west coast. The
specimens figured are of natural size. With them is one
specimen more elongated, and perhaps a form of A. nut-
taliana Lea, but too imperfect to decide upon. That
species is fossil in several other localities of apparently
assamcient date. joce bl. xiv, fie. 11.
ihHEeASPHALTO IAKE DED.
About forty miles southeasterly from the Kettleman
bed, in Kern County, is a small fresh water deposit, also
found by Mr. Watts, in 1893. This is eighteen miles
northwest of Buena Vista Lake, and 1,100 feet above the
sea, or 800 above the lake, and seems to have been up-
lifted much more than the one described above, yet does
not furnish so many species and none of them are extinct.
It was perhaps entirely disconnected from the Tulare
lakes, and is now nearly surrounded by hills, while the
lake deposit of blackish marl has a dip of 80° northeast.
The species brought from there are:
1. Anodonta nuttalliana Lea. 3. Physa sp.
2. Carinifex newberryi Lea. 4. Pomatiopsis intermedia Tryon.
Three good specimens. of No; 2 dojnot differ much
from the variety caléforndensts now inhabiting southern
California. No. 2 is scarce, and only 3-whorled, this
PLIOCENE FRESH WATER FOSSILS. 169
small form being the only one yet found fossil in any lo-
cality. It is even smaller than that found living in Clear
Lake, which I have published as var. menor. No.3 a sin-
gle broken specimen of the heferostropha group, very un-
like P. costata. No. 4 is extremely abundant, often form-
ing masses by itself. It is not now known to inhabit any
of the neighboring streams, but is fluviatile in habits, and
as most of the mountain streams dry up entirely in some
years, it may have been thus exterminated south of Mon-
terey Bay.
The fresh water beds of this valley are still scarcely
touched, and probably extend over a very much greater
surface. They are not usually well exposed, and difh-
cult to explore. They might be called miocene from
their high dip, but this was no doubt from local causes—
landslides, etc.
THe ContTrRA Costa LAKE BED.
This lies chiefly on the northeast slope of the hills west
of San Pablo Creek, forming the boundary between
Contra Costa and Alameda counties in that part of its
course, about 4% miles northeast of the State University.
A thin stratum of lignite was found there exposed on the
side of a small branch of the main creek along the road
going east to Lafayette, and tunnelling into the side of
the hill exposed it in places farther north. It has a dip
toward the northeast of about 30°, and probably contin-
ues eastward under the valley, though not yet seen there,
as the value of the lignite would not pay for boring.
In the shaly layers of lignite I found a few fossils, of
which figures are here given, and which lL eall:* 1; Ano-
donta nuttaliana Lea.? var. lignitica J. G. C., plate xiv,
fig. 11. 2, Linnea contracosta J. G. Ci plate xiv, ie.
12. 3, Planorbis pabloanus J. G. C., plate xiv, fig. 9, all
of natural size.
170 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
The shells were crushed flat, but their outlines were so
perfect and white in contrast with the black shale, that I
had no difficulty in making perfect tracings of them.
The engraver for the Mining Bureau took the liberty of
trying to restore the surfaces, but it is evident that such
crushed shells could not be properly represented as given
in that report. Still there was no appearance of any sur-
face characters except lines of growth. The figures are
of natural size.
TASSAJARA LAKE? BeEp.
Along a small branch of Walnut Creek, in Alameda
County, north of Livermore, is a deposit which contains
chiefly living species, and was formerly called quater-
nary, but one extinct species has been described from
there, and its high elevation, nearly corresponding with
the bed last described, makes it probable that it may bet-
ter be called pliocene. The species were mostly given
in the Catalogue of California Fossils, compiled by me
for the State Mining Bureau’s report of 1888.
1. Bythinella binneyi Tryon. 6. Limnophysa humilis Say.
2. Carinifex newberryi Lea. 7. Limnophysa palustris Linné.
3. Cochliopa rowelli? Tryon. (See 8. Limnophysa desidiosa Say.
Pompholopsis.) 9. Menetus opercularis Gouid.
Gyraulus vermicularis Gould. 10. Physa diaphana Tryon.
5. Helix californiensis Lea., vars. 11. Pisidium oceidentale Newe.
12. Pompholopsis whitei Call.
The last may be what I called Cochliopfa rowelli, as my
specimens agreed nearest with the figure of that species
in Binney’s work. It is also possible that some of the
living species from horizontal beds along the creek are
quaternary, being also found living in the creek, and now
being fossilized, but others do not now live there. Sur-
veys have not been made to determine whether the fossil
beds extend up the hill slopes.
PLIOCENE FRESH WATER FOSSILS. EE
Tie SANTA CLARA LAKE BEDS.
Fossil fresh water shells have been found at several
points on both sides of this valley, and at different heights
above it, but sufficient specimens have not yet been col-
lected to determine the ages, elevations, disturbances,
etc., of the various beds. The oldest known is that at
San José Mission, where a ridge apparently of pliocene
date remains as a remnant of a thick bed of gravel and
alluvium once filling the greater part of the valley toa
depth of probably 300 feet above tides. The same de-
posit is seen at intervals from East Oakland along the
foothills southward on the east side of the valley, and less
abundantly on the west side to near Redwood City, but
does not everywhere contain fossils. It 1s considerably
disturbed in some places, usually by elevation of the
mountains since its deposit. A dry gravel bed in the west
end of Livermore valley may be of the same age, and
bones of land animals are found in many places, some of
them probably contemporaneous, some later.
Dr. L. G. Yates first found the beds at San José Mis-
sion, and I have visited them. The species obtained are
the tollowing:
Amnicola yatesiana J. G. Cooper. Plate xiv, fig. 10 (5).
Cochliopa rowelli? Tryon—Pompholopsis?
Pomatiopsis intermedia Tryon.
Helix californiensis Lea, var. ramentosa Gould.
Hm 0 Nt oe
As no extinct species except Amanicola vatestana have
been found in the other deposits in Santa Clara County,
I will merely add a list of the species obtained from them,
and await further collections and surveys. This species
has also been found in a well bored in Tulare County at
1,058 feet depth, and once probably existed as abundantly
west of the Sierra Nevada as A. longingua did east of
them, but is now extinct, as the latter is, except in Utah.
The above list is continued as follows:
172 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
5. Anodonta nuttaliana Lea.
6. Carinifex newberryi Lea, var. minor.
7 Gyraulus vermicularis Gould.
8. Valvata virens Tryon.
All but No. 5 are found at ‘‘Gelcich’s Coal Mine,’’ in
Santa Cruz Mountains, and in other deposits.
Besides the fresh water shells mentioned above, there
are nearly twenty species given in the Catalogue of Cal-
ifornia Fossils, published in the Report of the State Min-
eralogist for 1888, with the localities where they were
found.
a
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS.
BY KATHARINE BRANDEGEE.
The genus Ceanothus, as at present received, is entirely
North American, and largely Californian; decreasing
rapidly north, south and east both in the number of forms
and of individuals and in size. It forms a considerable
portion of the ‘‘Chapparal”’ of California, equaling or
exceeding the ‘‘ Manzanitas’’ in quantity and outnum-
bered only by the ‘‘Chamis.’’ The beauty and fra-
grance of a blossoming hillside of Ceanothus make a
strong impression upon all who behold it for the first
time, and in consequence some of the species have long
been cultivated in European gardens.
Torrey & Gray in the Flora of North America recog-
nized twenty-three species north of Mexico; eleven of
them being there first characterized. Watson in Proc.
Am. Acad. x, 169-175, admitted twenty-eight: reducing
four of the previous list and describing one new species.
Trelease in Proc. Cal. Acad. i, 106-118 (1888) raised the
number to thirty-two, reducing one of the previous list,
describing three new species and raising two varieties to
specinc rank.- Dr. ©. C. Parry in two papers * increased
the number to thirty-three, reducing five of the last list
and describing seven as new (one of which he reduced
in his second paper). Since that time seven species have
been described
all in.§ Cerastes.
Of these revisions the last is the most important, being
largely based on field studies, which in this genus are
peculiarly desirable. Dr. Parry was the first to make
known the prevalence of natural hybrids, the ease with
which they are recognized in the field, and the corre-
sponding difficulty of their determination in herbarium
* Proc. Davenp. Acad. v, 162-174 & 185-194.
2p S=r., Vou. IV. June 2, 1894.
174 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
specimens. On the other hand he neglected opportunities
which would have added immeasurably to the value of his
labors; thus he described C’. za¢rzcatus, from the summit
of Mount Tamalpais, which he never ascended, though
living for months at the time in its immediate vicinity;
C. foltosus and C’. divergens from the flanks of Mt. St.
Helena in perfect ignorance of the forms prevailing in
the easily accessible upper portion, and he spent a con-
siderable time in the Ojai Valley near Santa Barbara,
without attempting to collect in their original locality the
five species described from the latter place by Nuttall.
One of the earliest undertakings of this study of Ceano-
thus was the verification of thése species from the
‘* bushy hills of St. Barbara.’’ In this investigation the
conclusion was soon reached that C. divaricatus was
invalid. Itis either a form of C. hirsutus or one of the
abounding hybrids of that plant with C. spznosus.
C. divaricatus has always been a source of confusion in
Californian botany. It is represented in most herbaria
by specimens of C. hirsutus (C. sorediatus), C. cordu-
latus or C’. Palmert. C. oliganthus in typical forms is
readily recognized, but grades into C. Azrsutus. Undue
importance has been attached to Nuttall’s field notes.
It was to his advantage to make as many new species
as possible, and it may be noticed that his species are
apt to run in pairs. In his original descriptions the re-
iteration of the phrase ‘‘ with the preceding which it much
resembles’ soon becomes wearisome.
Every botanist who has dealt with the genus has borne
convincing testimony to the interlocking relationships of
the species and to the difficulty of their discrimination,
and no two of them have been able to agree as to the
limits of the species.
The connecting forms of Ceanothus are still very im-
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 175
perfectly known, and it will be many years before the
species are even approximately settled. The set of about
a hundred forms studied in the field by the writer and
distributed to the principal herbaria of the United States
is apparently the first attempt to bring these variations,
with the necessary notes, to the attention of botanists. It
has been too much the rule with collectors to neglect these
connecting forms and gather only the typical or the ex-
tremes. Imperfect as this set is it must convince every
unprejudiced student of the genus that there are already
far too many accepted. All the new species ‘recently
proposed are intermediates between species themselves
doubtfully separated by slight and inconstant characters.
The species of Ceanothus are distinguished almost
entirely by leaf forms. ‘There is no-constant character
of fruit or flower by which any one of the species can
be separated from others of the same section. The habit
is so readily modified by environment as to be of small
value. The character of penninervate or trinervate
leaves which has been used to divide the Euceanothi
fails completely. The presence or absence of marginal
glands is not to be trusted, and the pubescence is ad-
mitted to be variable; many of the species, as C. velutz-
nus, C. cordulatus, C. arboreus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. Fend-
lert, etc., having as now known glabrous as well as pu-
bescent forms.
All the species north of Mexico bloom in the spring—
in the latitude of Central California, at moderate eleva-
tions, from March till May. At elevations of 5,000—
8,000 feet, from June to August. Along the Coast they
often begin to blossom sparingly in January. All the
western species bloom from the old wood, but often
continue blooming on the new shoots. The inflorescence
is axillary, the leafy peduncular shoot which in some
176 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
species is much elongated, dying after the fruit has
ripened. The period of bloom is about six weeks, but
many of the species bear flowers at other times.
The hybrids of Ceanothus are found wherever two
species of the same section grow together. As a-rule,
to which there are, however, many exceptions, no two
species of the same section (only two sections are here
recognized) occupy the same area. Either one grows at
a higher elevation or at a different exposure, and the
hybrids occur along the lines of junction. They seem
usually to be fertile, and show every gradation from one
to the other parent. The only infertile hybrid, within its
section, known to me is No. 69, C. zxcanus « papillosus.
In this the ovaries are more or less abortive and no fruit
was formed. Of the hybrids between members of the
different sections only two are known, C. Veztchianus,
which appears to be’ C. thyrstforus x C. rigidus ‘and
C. rugosus, which is C. velutinus X C. prostratus.
Nearly if not quite all the species described from Euro-
pean gardens are hybrids of C. Amerizcanus and C.
azureus—most of them artificial.
Ceanothus is very readily and completely killed by the
fires which so frequently run over the chaparral hills of
California. About the places where their parents grew
the seedlings then spring up in great numbers, although
they are otherwise rarely seen. A certain proportion of
these seedlings are always, where two different forms
have grown intermingled, found to be hybrids. If the
district should be again swept by fire before the seed-
lings bear fruit the species in that locality would be ex-
terminated, with perhaps an occasional sheltered exception,
which may almost as readily be a hybrid as one of the
parent forms. In this way, as may readily be conceived,
a fertile hybrid might become established as the prevail-
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. Ly
ing form in a given district. Where the seedlings survive
in great numbers, cross-fertilization being made certain
by the swarms of insects attracted to their fragrant flow-
ers, a continual crossing takes place, not only between
the original forms, but between the hybrids and their
parents on either side.
Many of the species accepted in this paper are likely
to prove too closely related as their forms become better
known. No one, so far as Iam aware, has yet made any
systematic attempt to collect over the whole area the
forms of even the nearly allied Eastern species. The prob-
able hybrid origin of several of the species raises a ques-
tion of some importance, which may perhaps be easiest
answered, as in the case of the willows, by propagating the
distinct forms and hybridizing them artificially.
In the pages following the original descriptions of nearly
all the species, with the exception of C’. Amerzcanus and
its well-settled synonyms, are republished verdbatznz, in the
hope that future students of the group may find them as
great a convenience as they would have been to the
writer. The modification which descriptions undergo by
increasing knowledge of their variations is often very
great, and it seems to me the duty of monographers to
give the original diagnoses in addition to their own, so
that their readers may be in possession of the data neces-
sary to form some sort of independent opinion, without
the necessity of acquiring a considerable library.
For kind assistance and favors, I have to thank the
curators of the herbaria of Harvard, Kew, Columbia
College, Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, U. S. Agri-
cultural Department, Missouri Botanic Garden and the
Boston Horticultural Society. For specimens and notes
of distribution, ete., I am indebted to C: G. Pringle,
Edward Palmer, J." G..Lemmon,;)S..5. Parish, J..W-
2p SeR., Vou. IV. (12) June 2, 1894,
178 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Congdon, Alice’ Eastwood, (Cor. Sonne, Dr C1 ee
Anderson, F. V. Coville, Marcus E. Jones, L. Jared,
Ida M. Blochman, C. R. Orcutt, Thomas Howell, M.
W.. Gorman, W.. ©: Cusick, W. IN2 Suksdortiaikesoe
Williams, Dr. F: Franceschi and Frank H. Vaslit.” Mor
specimens cultivated in European gardens, especially for
C. Vertchianus and C. flortbundus, 1 am under obligation
to Mr. T..Smith, of Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, England.
CEANOTHUS.
‘*CEaNotTuHus, Linn. Gen. n. 267.—Flores herma-
phroditi. Calyx 5-fidus, tubo turbinato v. hemisphezrico,
lobis 3-angulari-ovatis acutis membranaceis conniventibus.
Petala 5, sub disco inserta, longe unguiculata, inter lobos
calycis porrecta, limbo cucullato. Stamina 5, petalis
longiora, filamentis filiformibus. Discus crassus, tubum
calycis implens. Ovarium disco immersum, cum eo semi-
adnatum v. liberum, 3-lobum, angulis sepe glandulosis;
stylus brevis, 3-fidus, stigmatibus decurrentibus v. term-
inalibus. Drupa supera, subgloboso-3-loba, basi tubo
calycis cincta, 3-cocca, epicarpio tenui, coccis crustaceis
v. cartilagineis intus longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Sem-
ina obovato-lenticularia, testa levi crustacea, hilo basilari
carunculato, albumine carnoso; cotyledones ovales v.
obovate; radicula brevissima.—Frutices v. arbuscule, in-
terdum spinescentes. Folia alterna (rarissime opposita),
petiolata, coriacea, integerrima, spinuloso-dentata v. ser-
rulata, 3-plinervia v. penninervia, glabra v. scaberula v.
subtus cano-tomentosa. Stipula minute, caduce. Cyme
v. umbellule in paniculas v. thyrsos densos terminales
aggregate. Flores pedicellique sepe colorati, azurei, albi
v. flavidi.’’—Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl., 1, 378-379.
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 179
§ Huceanothus.
Leaves alternate, normally 3-nerved, nearly always more
or less glandular on the margins. Stipules slender, cadu-
cous. Peduncles elongated, usually compound, often more
or less leafy. Fruit more or less resinous, smooth, warty
or crested. Fruiting pedicels slender. Calyx usually
rather small,
A. Leaves caducous. Flowers ordinarily white.
I. CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS L. C. trinervus Moench,
Meth. 651 (1794); C.herbaceus Raf. Med. Repos. v. 360
(1808) ; C. cardifiorus Hornem. Hort. Hafn. i, 230( 1813) ;
C’. intermedius & perennis Pursh, Flor.-Am. Sept. i, 167
Grs14))5 Co macrophylius Mest, Labi. ed. i1, 232. (1325,));
C. ovalifolius Wender in Schr. Naturf. Ges. Marb. ii, 247
M1680) \Pulis= Cofesuals Rat. Meds Bil. i, 205 (rdé30);
C. glomeratus, latifolius, ellipticus & virgatus Rain. New
Flora, part ili, pp. 54-57 (1836); C. Pztcherz Pickering
Miss:ex. TDao& G. Kl 1, 264 (1838); C. decumbens, mac-
rocarpus & reclinatus Hort. ex. Steud. Nom. ed. 2, 1, 313
(1840); C. procumbens hybridus & Dillenianus Hort. ex.
C. Koch, Dendrol. 1, 619-20 (1869).
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, L. sp. 195. ‘‘Foliis ovatis acuminatis serratis
trinerviis subtus pubescentibus, thyrsis elongatis, rachi pubescente. ».
in America bor. Mill. ic. t.57. Sims. bot. mag. t. 1479. Flores ut in se-
quentibus albi. Fructus obtuse trigonus.”—DC. Prod. ii, 31.
2.) CEANOTHUS, OVATUS Dest. Cc cualzs Bigel. iI:
Bost. ed’. 11,792 (1824); C.glaxdulosus ““my Forrestia
thyrsoides of 1809’’ Raf. New Flora, ili, 57 (1836);
C. mollissimus Torr. Fremont’s First Rep., 88 (1843),
name only.
CEANOTHUS OvATUS Desf. ‘‘3. Céanothus a feuilles ovales. Ceanothus
ovatus. C., foliis ovatis, dentato-crenatis, glabris; fructu hexagono. Amer.
sept. D.” Desfontaines, Histoire des Arbres et Arbrisseaux, vol. li. p. 381.
(1809. )
180 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
3. CEANOTHUS SANGUINEUS Pursh. C. Oreganus.*
CEANOTHUS sanguineus, foliis obovatis, serratis subtus pubescentibus,
paniculis axillaribus thyrsoideis brevissime pedunculatis, pedicellis ag-
eregatis.—Near the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the Missouri.
Lewis. »®. May, June, v.s.in Herb. Lewis. Branches blood-red or purple;
panicles not longer than the leaves.—Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. i, 167, (1814).
4. CEANOTHUS MICROPHYLLUS Michx. C. serpyllifo-
Lesa
Ceanothus microphyllus; subdecumbens, glabriusculus, foliis perpusillis,
passim fasciculatis, obovalibus oblongisve, integriusculis: corymbulis
ramulorum terminalibus. Ops. Radix, uti precedentis, crassius tuberosa,
rubra. Has. in herbosis sabulosis sylvarum Georgie et Floridze.—Mich-
aux, Fl. Bor-Am., i, 154 (1803).
C. ovatus and C. sanguineus appear to me to be only
forms of C. Americanus, which, even including them,
would have a much smaller range of variation than C.
thyrsifiorus, which as compared with C’. Americanus, has
a quite restricted distribution. C. serpyllifolius differs
~O. Oreganus (Nutt.! mss.): ‘‘leaves broadly ovate, subcordate, mostly
obtuse, serrate, membranaceous, somewhat pubescent beneath [3-ribbed
from the base]; thyrsoid corymbs in lateral panicles; fruit small, globose,
obtusely 3-lobed, without pulp. C. sanguineus, Hook.! Fl. Bor.-Am. 7. p.
125, not of Pursh.” Woods of the Oregon from the Blue Mountains to the
Sea, Douglas, Nuttall! Fort Vancouver, Dr. Scouler/—A shrub 4-12 feet
high; the stem and branches glabrous, reddish. Young leaves nearly
obovate; the adult ones narrow at the summit but scarcely acute, 14-23
inches long, 1-1} inch wide, thin; veins moderately prominent. Panicles
large, many-flowered, about 3 inches long, the lower divisions compound.
Flowers larger than in C. Americanus, white. Fruit smaller than a peper-
corn.—Very distinct from the preceding [C. sanguineus] according to Nutt-
all.—Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i, 265, (1838).
+ C. Serpyllifolius. Decumbent and suffruticose; branches filiform; leaves
small, elliptic-ovate, serrulate, obtuse, petioles and nerves on the under
side strigose; panicles pedicellate, axillary few-flowered; flowers conglom-
erated. Has. Around the town of St. Mary’s, in Florida.—Dr. Baldwyn.
By much the smallest species of the genus. Leaves and stems not much
exceeding those of Thyme, early leaves somewhat crowded, oval, or
roundish, succeeding leaves distant, all obtuse and nearly smooth; flowers
white, partly capitulate at the summit of a pedicell, 1 and a half to 2
inches long, only about from 12 to 15 together.—Nutt., Gen., 1, 154 (1818).
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 181
little from C’. microphyllus, certainly not enough to merit
even a varietal name. Certain forms of C. ovatus, as
Parry’s No. 167 of Mex. Bound. Surv. Coll., make a dis-
tinct approach to serpyl/ifolius.
5. CEANOTHUS INTEGERRIMUS H. & A. C. Califor-
nicus,* C’. Nevadensts,} C. thyrsifiorus var. macrothyrsust
and C’.. Andersonz.§
Ceanothus integerrimus; glaber, ramis subangulatis parce resinoso-visco-
sis, foliis 3-costatis submembranaceis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis integerrimis
subtus pallidioribus, paniculis elongatis multifloris, floribus glomeratis
albis.—A. very distinct species, with quite entire leaves, and very long
Ceanothus Californicus, Kellogg. This species is nearest allied to C.
Oreganus, hence to contradistinguish it we give the above provisional
name.—Branches robust, bright green, glabrous, swelled at the axils, those
of the present season’s growth thick, tender and succulent; leaves in the
young state lanceolate, acute and long acuminate, becoming broadly
ovate, cordate at base, acute or sub-acuminate, three-nerved, veins very
prominent, lamina thin, entire, glabrous above, glaucous beneath, sparse-
ly pubescent, with appressed hairs along the veins.—Stipules conspicu-
ous, texture leafy lanceolate-acuminate, numerous short shoots of tender
axillary branchlets. Flowers white on long stout lateral branch-like com-
pound paniculate peduncles, six inches in length, one or more leaves at
the base. Appears to be a deciduous species. [Placerville, E. W. Garvitt.]
—Proe. Cal, Acad., i, 55 (1855), ed. 2, p. 54.
t Ceanothus nevadensis, (Kellogg.) Fig. 45. Stem bright green, similar
to the leaves, nearly glabrous, warted, scarcely angled.—Leaves ovate, sub-
acute, mucronate by a conic gland, entire, lamina thin, sub-coriaceous,
dull lustrous pitted above (not varnished nor resinous); glaucous, reticu-
late, and very short appressed pubescent below, three moderately prom-
inent ribs from the base; the smaller leaves often ovate-oblong, sub-acute
or somewhat obtuse. Petioles very slender, appressed pubescent, half an
inch or more in length, a few dark purple conic glands above scattered
along the upper third, stipules subulate, acuminate, ciliate. Panicles
elongated, terminal, five or six inches in length, leafy at the base, second-
ary subdivisions very short, filiform, pedicles glabrous like the calyx.
Flowers white, small, calyx segments incurved.—REMARKS.—This species
appears to be closely allied to C. velutinus. But the leaves are not rounded,
cordate, nor serrate, neither is the slender elongated racemoid-panicle
‘‘thrice compound,” nor in the general appearance is it so large and
robust. Could the shaded damp and lofty habitat of this plant cause so
ereat difference as we have observed? The leaves, we observed, are not at
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
4
(o)
No
narrow panicles of white flowers. Except on the very youngest leaves or
branches, there is no appearance of pubescence on the plant. Ovary
without projecting lobes.—H. & A. in Bot. Beech., 329 (1840).
‘In this distribution C. integerrimus is represented by
No. 24 from Calaveras Big Trees, No. 25 from Sisson,
and No. 26 from Alta. No. 21 is one of the interme-
diates approaching Parryz. No. 22 from the Geysers, So-
noma County, and No. 27 from Cahto, Mendocino Coun-
ty, are intermediates between C. cutegerrimus and Gs
parvifolius. Nos. 28 and 29, from the type locality are
C.. Andersont.
all varnished, shining, nor resinous, nor exhaling the strong odor of C.
velutinus.—Torrey says C. velutinus has ‘‘axillary panicles.” This is
probably a mistake, if we recollect rightly. These certainly are not
axillary. [Yo-Semite Valley, Madam Wertherman].—Proc. Cal. Acad., 11,
152 (1862).
| O. thyrsiflorus vay.? MACRoTHYRSUS: foliis ovatis acutis integerrimus
supra glabriusculis subtus canescenti-tomentosis; paniculis interruptis
subfoliaceis. Has. Banks of the Umpqua, Oregon.—A shrub 6-8 feet high;
the branches terete, often dotted with minute brown resinous papille.
Leaves 1 to 24inches long, moderately acute, grayish-tomentose underneath,
the veins prominent and somewhat silky-villous; petioles 3-5 lines long.
Flowers beautiful blue, in compound umbellate fascicles, which are ag-
gregated in a paniculate manner at the extremity of the branches, the
lowest fascicles arising from the axils of the uppermost leaves and some-
what distant fromthe others. This variety has leaves greatly resembling
those of C. Americanus, except that they are quite entire, while in the
inflorescence it approaches C. thyrsiflorus. The specimens were without
fruit.—Torr. in Bot. Wilkes Expd. 265 (1874).
§C. Andersoni, n. sp. Smooth throughout; branches light green, glau-
cesent, younger shoots angular; leaves deep green above, entire, oblong-ovate
to oblanceolate, cuneate at base to a slender petiole, obscurely penninerved,
and paler beneath; inflorescence diffusely thyrsoid, prolonged, leafy below,
flowers white, with very slender pedicels; fruit smooth, with thin, resinous
exocarp, and rounded cocci. Habitat:—A tall shrub, 10-15 feet high, loosely
branched above, somewhat pendent, the prolonged inflorescence delicate
snow-white, flowers in May, fruit July. Santa Cruz Mountains, near Ben
Lomond; first collected by Dr. C. L. Anderson, 1887, whose name hereto-
fore so intimately connected with the botany of Santa Cruz, both on sea
and land, this attractive species properly commemorates.—Parry in Proc.
Davenp. Acad. v, 172 (1889).
———
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 183
Var. PARVIFOLIUS Wats. Bot. Cal. i, 102 (by misprint
parviflorus in the original). C. parvifolius.* No. 23
from Calaveras Big Tree Grove.
[C.integerrimus] var.? parviflorus. Of very slender habit, wholly glabrous;
leaves much smaller, about half an inch long, short-petioled; flowers light
blue in rather short simple racemes. In the Sierra Nevada from the Yose-
mite Valley northward. Possibly distinct but intermediate forms occcur,
It is 51 Bridges, 1628 Brewer, 3880 and 4870 Bolander, 68 and 68a Torrey,
and was also collected by Bigelow and by Dr. Gray.—Watson in Proc.
Am. Acad. x, 334 (1875).
Var. Parry (Trel.) No. 20 from Toll House, Mt.
St. Glelena.
CG. Parry, n. sp. Branches glabrate or sparingly villous, strongly
suleate, more or less papillate: leaves narrowly elliptical-oblong, obtuse,
1530 mm. or less, glandular serrulate, glabrous above, the lower surface
rusty-tomentose, at least along the veins: inflorescence oblong, inter-
rupted, terminating recurved-ascending slender, few leaved branches: flow -
ers blue. [Leaves narrow, 3-nerved, the nerves often concealed by the revo-
lute margins; fruit about 3 mm. in diameter.]|—Known to me only from
specimens found in cultivation at Calistoga, Cal. (Parry, 1881, No. 33).—
Trelease in Proc. Cal. Acad. ser. 2, i, 109 (1888).
Ceanothus integerrimus with the varieties enumerated
above is the only species properly belongingt to the Cal-
ifornian flora which shows entirely naked winter branches.
The dead peduncular branchlets of the preceding year
are often conspicuous below the fresh flowering, and,
though not peculiar to the species, are to a certain extent
distinctive. The range of variation is very great, as may
be seen in No. 26, all the branches included under that
having been collected within a few rods, and as no other
species of the section was found in the vicinity, there
could be no suspicion of hybridity. The leaf margin in
* CEANOTHUS PARVIFOLIUS. C. integerrimus, var.? parvifolius Watson
i.c. [Proc. Am. Acad. x] 334.—California to Oregon.—Trelease in Proc.
Cal. Acad. ser. 2, 1, 110 (1888).
+ C. sanguineus occurs in California only in the Siskiyou mountains
along the northern boundary.
184 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the typical form is ordinarily entire and glandless, with
the exception of the single one terminating the midrib,
but in var. Parry? and forms approaching it the margin is
often dentate-glandular. Some examples otherwise near-
ly typical are tridentate at the apex, each tooth terminated
by a gland. The pubescence is commonly of straight
hairs and most abundant beneath, but in a specimen from
Forest Ranch, Butte County, otherwise typical, the hairs
are crisped as is usual in var. Parryz. The lateral nerves
of the leaves are often wanting in the narrower forms,
but not constantly so in any; the texture is sometimes
nearly as coriaceous as in C. sAznosus, which some of the
forms approach rather closely in the nearly smooth pro-
fusely resinous fruit as well as in the shape of the leaves
and the absence of glands. The flowers are either blue
or white in all the forms excepting var. Parryt, which,
so far as known, has only deep blue flowers. The range
of the species is from Washington to southern Arizona.
Var. parvifolius in its extreme form has been collected
only in the Sierra Nevada, but variations connecting it
with typical ¢wtegerrimus abound in the Coast Range.
All the forms are conspicuously absent from Southern
and from Baja California.
Var. Parry¢ was described from the vicinity of Calis-
toga, at the foot of Mt. St. Helena. It abounds at eleva-
tions of 2000-2500 feet on that mountain and the adja-
cent ranges, and has been found at various places about
Russian River, much nearer the seacoast. It seems to
occur only in connection with C. ¢vtegerrémus and C.
JSoliosus, and may be a hybrid. In this case the question
can be best determined by direct experiment.
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 185
B. Leaves persistent.
a. Spinosit. Branches mostly divaricate often spinose,
leaves I- or 3-nerved coriaceous, usually entire and
sparingly glandular. Flowers commonly white or
pale.
6. CEANOTHUS SPINOSUS Nutt.
C. spinosus (Nutt.! mss.): ‘‘ glabrous; branches thorny; leaves cuneate-
oblong, or oblong, obtuse or emarginate, lucid, entire or obscurely glandu-
larly serrulate towards the apex (l-ribbed, pinnately veined]; flowering
branchlets divaricate, leafy; thyrsus oblong; ovary subglobose without
protuberances. Mountains of St. Barbara.—A straggling shrub. Leaves
somewhat coriaceous, obsurely veined, pubescent beneath in the young
state, 8-10 lines long.” Flowers white or blue; pedicels 2-3 lines long.
Nuttall.—Nearly allied to the preceding species. There is a pair of ob-
secure nerves from the base of the leaf; but they are scarcely as large as
the veins which proceed from each side of the mid-rib.—Torr. & Gray,
Fl. N. Am. i, 267 (1838).
Var. PALMERI (Trel.) C. divaricatus var. grosseserra-
tus,* C. divaricatus var. eglandulosus,} C. eglandulosus.t
C. PALMERI, n. sp. Glabrous throughout, or a very few hairs on the
leaves and petioles: branches greenish, becoming brown: leaves mostly on
short spurs, slender-petioled, about 40 mm. long, elliptical or ovate-
oblong, rounded at both ends, mucronate or emarginate, entire, thinner,
than in the last (C. spinosus) [not at all 3-nerved: fruit 5 to 6 mm. in
diameter]: flowering branches ascending, naked or few-leaved: inflorescence
oblong, nearly simple: exocarp of fruit rather fleshy.—Mountains of
“Ceanothus divaricatus, var.? GROSSE-SERRATUS: foliis majoribus, grosse-
serratus, acutiusculis. Station not recorded. Branches thorny at the
extremities; serratures of the leaves acute; flowers blue —Torr.in Pac. R.
Rep. iv, 75.
t Ceanothus divaricatus var. EGLANDULOSUS foliis integerrimis (margine nec
denticulatis glanduliferis) obtusissimis. On mountains near San Gabriel;
March 22. Also with vestiges of last year’s fruit. Cohon Pass,
March 16. (Collected by Dr. Parry on the mountains east of San Diego;
in fruit and in flower by Mr. Wallace at Boca de Teyunga, April.) This
has the flowers, the divaricate spinescent branches with whitish bark, and
also the foliage of C. divaricatus, except that none of the specimens show
a trace of the glandular denticulations so manifest in the specimens of
186 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Southern California (Palmer, 1875, No. 42). Intermediate between C.
spinosus and C. integerrimus.—Trelease in Proc. Cal. Acad. ser. 2, i, 109
(1888).
Typical C. spznosus, as far as our present knowledge
goes, is confined to the vicinity of Santa Barbara. It not
unfrequently assumes a tree form which in size of trunk
is second only to C. thyrstforus. The lateral nerves of
the leaves are often developed, and the leaves of young
bushes are strongly serrate toothed. The flowers are
usually pale blue—sometimes white. No. 13.
The variety is common on the lower slopes of the
mountains bordering the San Joaquin Valley and of the
southern part of the State, extending southward as far as
Mount San Pedro Martir, in Baja California. It ordina-
rily has usually 3-nerved leaves, and like all the species of
this section, as well as C. entegerrimus, is either green or
glaucous. The flowers are commonly blue but occasion-
ally white, and in the form found on San Pedro Martir,
which answers best to C. dévaricatus var. grosseserratus,
deep purplish blue. No. 10, Nuevo, San Diego County;
No. 11, Pasadena, Los Angeles County; No. 12, Tehach-
api, Kern County; No. 108, San Pedro Martir, in Baja
California. No. 68 is a hybrid of C. sfznosus and C.
hirsutus.
C. spinosus in all its forms is best marked by the
rounded, extremely resinous fruit. In the fresh state it is
not all triangular, and is quite destitute of protuberances.
For the varietal name, in some doubt as to the identity of
the first, I have preferred to take the most recent. The
Douglas and of Coulter; nor is the pubescence on their ribs quite so evi-
\
dent. Some of the leaves are slightly cordate.—Gray Mss. Pac. R. Rep.
iv, 75 (1857).
tC. EGLANDULOSUs. (. divaricatus, var. eglandulosus, Torrey, Pac. R. R.
Rep. iv. 75. ©. divaricatus, Watson, /. c. in part.—Mountains of Califor-
nia and Lower California.— Trelease in Proc. Cal. Acad. ser. 2, i, 110 (1888).
LS ———
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 187
earliest, gvosseserratus, perhaps named a hybrid; at any
rate, specimens from near Nuevo, which agree with the
description, are without doubt hybrids with C. tomentosus.
Eglandulosus is conspicuously misleading as a varietal
name of a species in which the presence of glands is
ground for suspicion of hybridity.
7. CEANOTHUS INCANUS T. & G.
C. incanus: branches short and very thick, minutely canescent; leaves
broadly ovate, obtuse, mostly subcordate, coriaceous, crenate-serrulate,
minutely velvety above, whitish and canescent beneath [3-ribbed from the
base]; clusters subsessile, axillary and terminal. California Douglas!/—
Branches numerous, whitish with an exceedingly minute hoariness.
Leaves an inch or more in length, rather crowded. Flowers white, in dense
subglobose clusters, from very short and thick spurs or axillary branches.—
Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am., i, 266 (1838).
This is one of the best marked species, though approach-
ing quite closely the preceding, from which in our pres-
ent knowledge it is separated chiefly by its warty fruit.
From the next it is distinguished by the same character
and by its much greater size and different distribu-
tion. It is found in scattered groups in both the outer
and inner Coast Range, from Santa Cruz to Mendocino.
The leaves are sometimes entirely glabrous. The large,
thickly warty fruit is often 4-coccous. No. 4, Bradford,
Lake County; No. 5, Felton, & No. 6, Ben Lomond,
Santa Cruz County; No. 60, hybrid with C’. papzllosus ;
No. 66, hybrid with C. thyrszflorus.
8. CEANOTHUS CORDULATUS Kell.
Ceanothus cordulatus (Kellogg).—Fig. 389—A shrub four or five feet in
height, branches erect, flexuose; branchlets numerous, very short, divari-
cate, leafy at the base, terminating in a stout thorn; whitish glaucous;
stems strictly terete.—Leaves small (i. e., one-quarter to one-half an inch
long, rarely three-eighths broad) three-ribeed (with two other outer obscure
nerves) ovate-cordate, entire, often emarginate, reticulate, with translucent
veins, short hirsute above and below, especially conspicuous along the
nerves beneath; petioles short, hirsute, in the mature state stout, seldom
one-sixteenth of an inch long, in the young state two or three times that
length and very slender, minutely pubescent; lamina becoming thickened
188 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
and coriaceous, persistent.—Stipules cubulate, hirsute. Leaves alternate
in fasiculate clusters, somewhat conescent beneath.—Flowers in thyrsoid
panicles one to two inches in length, springing from the summit or ap-
proximate lateral branchlets; peduncle and pedicels sub-glabrous.—Calyx
petals and pedicels white at the time of blossoming, but bright pea-green
before expansion; panicles sometimes leafy at the base.—The form of
flowers as usual in this genus; calyx divisions inflexed turbinate; petals
saccate or hooded; unguiculate pistil three-parted about one-third its
length. Fruit unknown.—This species appears to be near C. hirsutus
(Nutt.); but the leaves are not ‘‘nearly sessile,” nor ‘‘ glandularly ser-
rulate,” nor ‘‘ panicles terminal.” Nor does it answer to C. divaricatus
(Nutt.), as the leaves are not ‘‘ grandularly serrulate,” and seldom half the
size; nor arethe flowers ‘‘ blue.” [Washoe, J. A. Veatch].—Proc. Cal.
Acad., 11, 124 (1861).
From Oregon to San Pedro Martir in Baja California
and eastward in the mountains of Nevada, at elevations
of 4000—10,000 feet, principally in the Sierra Nevada,
but occurring on Snow Mountain in Lake County. It is
known as ‘‘snowbush”’ or ‘‘ bluebrush,’’ and forms en-
tangled thickets 2-6 feet in height, the green and glau-
cous forms often intermingled. Throughout California,
as far as known, the flowers are white, but on San Pedro
Martir they are of all shades, from white to purplish blue.
The fruit is resinous, rarely warty, and with moder-
ately developed crests. Some forms make a very close
approach to C. zucanus. There are anomalous plants in
the mountains of Nevada and Utah not yet sufficiently
known which may possibly belong to some other species.
No. 7, Donner, Placer County; No. 8, Mt. Shasta; No.
109, San Pedro Martir, Baja California; No. 9, a com-
mon hybrid with C. velutznws which answers very closely
to C. sorediatus var. glabra;* No. 67, hybrid with C.
entegerrimus.
“Ceanothus sorediatus var. glabra. Leaves (4-1’ long) glabrous or but
slightly silky on the veins beneath, mostly broadly ovate and subcordate,
denticulate or entire; flowers white, in loose lateral panicles, longer than
the leaves; a low shrub of rather slender habit, 2° high. Found only on
the East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada; 8,000 feet altitude; in flower July,
August. (212).—Sereno Watson in King’s Report, 51 (1871).
eee ee eee
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 189
g. CEANOTHUS BUXIFOLIUS HB.
Ceanothus buxifolia Humb. et Bondpl.; spinosus, foliis ellipticis utrinque
glabris trinerviis serratis, floribus paniculatis. Reliqu. Willd. MS.—In
America merid. ad Rio del Monte. »%. Humb. et Bonpl.—Roemer &
Schultes, Syst., v. 300 (1519).*
This species is still very insufficiently known. Some
forms recently collected connect rather closely with C.
Fendlert.
10. CEANOTHUS FENDLERI Gray.
CEANOTHUS FENDLERI(Sp. noy.): intricato-ramosissimus; ramis ramulisque
teretibus gracilibus sape spinescentibus cinereo-puberulis demum glabratis
levibus; foliis parvulis (4-4 unc. longis) ovalibus seu ellipticis obtusis
integerrimis eglandulosis trinerviis subtus sericeo-canescentibus supra
glabriusculis viridibus; glomerulis densis sessilibus; floribus glabris
albis.—Mountains east of Santa Fé in sunny places; June (in flower), and
July, in fruit. Shrub about a foot and a half high and two feet in
diameter.—Allied to C. depressus Benth Pl. Hartw., no. 29; but much
more slender, the Thyme-shaped leaves smaller and not glandular, &e.
Fruit about as large as in C. Americanus.—Gray in Plante Fendlerians
Novi-Mexicane, i, 29, (1848).
Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona.
b. AneuLatTi. Branches erect, more or less angular.
Leaves glandular on the margin, usually velvety or
tomentose beneath. Flowers, except in the first spe-
ces, nearly always deep blue. Fruit commonly
rather large.
Iz. CEANOTHUS VELUTINUS Dougl. C. levigatust
Doug.
Ceanothus velutinus; ramis subpendulis, foliis rotundato-ellipticis cori-
aceis argute glanduloso-dentatis triplinerviis supra nitidis quasi vernicosis
glaberrimis subtus incano-velutinis, racemis terminalibus, ramis thyr-
*The reference of this species and C. bicolor HB. is incorrect, both in DC.
Prod. and in the Kew Index.
t Ceanothus levigatus; foliis rotundato-ellipticis coriaceis argute glanduloso-
dentatis triplinerviis omnino glaberrimis supraque nitidis et quasi verni-
cosis, paniculis in ramos breves terminalibus, floribus coarctatis.—C.
grandis. Douglas, MSS.—Has. Nootka. Mr. Menzies. Mountains near
Igo CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
soideis, inferioribus foliosis. (Tas XLV.)—Douglas MSS in Herb. Hort.
Soc.—Frutex 3-8-pedalis, ramis teretibus glabris, ramulis junioribus
solummodo appresso-pubescentibus. Folia, in hoc genere, ampla, petiol-
ata, 3-4 uncias longa, 24 ad 8 uncias lata, alterna, coriacea, lato-rotundato-
elliptica, basi obtusa, raro subcordata, apice obtusa, margine pulcherrime
et argute glanduloso-denticulata, triplinervia, supra glaberrima, nitida,
quasi vernice obducta, subtus mollissima, incana, tactu precipue velutina,
nervyis prominentibus. Petiolus fere unciam longus, tenui-pubescens.
Panicule terminales elongate, ramis glabriusculis, thyrsiformibus, inferi-
oribus, ad basin, folium gerentibus. Pedicelli graciles, fasciculati. Flores
albi, glaberrimi. Calyx profunde 5-fidus; tubo perbrevi, disco margine in-
crassato repleto, medio pistillifero; limbi seymentis erecto-incurvis, ovatis,
subacuminatis. Petala patentia, obovatafere cucullata, longe unguiculata.
Stamina ante petala. Milamenta petalorum longitudine. Antherw subglob-
ose. Germensubrotundum. Stylus elongatus, staminibus brevior. Stigma
bi-trifida, segmentis subrecurvis. Bacca sicca, 2-3-locularis, 2-3-sperma.
Cocculi chartacei. Semina obovata, nitidissima, atro-fusca.—HaBs. Subal-
pine hills near the sources of the Columbia and at the ‘Kettle Falls.”
Douglas. Tas. XLV, Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Vertical section of do.; fig.
3, Berry; fig. 4, Seed:—magnified.—Hook. Flor. Bor.-Am. 1, 125 (1830).
This species, very well marked by the resinous upper
surface of the leaves, is of rather northern distribution.
In California it hardly reaches below the middle of the
State, unless it may be on the high mountains. Along
the Coast it appears not to reach the southern border of
Mendocino County. In the inner Coast Range it is not
found south of Mt. St. Helena, Napa County. It is wide-
spread in the Rocky Mountain region and in the ranges
between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada.
Like C. cordu/atus it retains its leaves through the heavy
the coast of North-West America, between the parallels of 40° and
43 N. lat.? Douglas.—My character of this is drawn up from Mr. Men-
zies’s specimen in my Herbarium. In Mr. Douglas’s MSS. he notices aC.
grandis from the station above mentioned, which is probably the same as
the present, although it inhabits a much more southern latitude. Our
plant, however, it must be confessed, differs in no respect from the pre-
ceding species, except in being everywhere, even upon the young leaves,
entirely glabrous; whereas C. velutinus has, on the oldest as well as the
youngest leaves a delicate, short, hoary, and almost white tomentum,
clothing their under side.—Hook. Fl. Bor-Am., i, 125 (1830).
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. IgI
snows of winter. The glabrous form is not deserving of
varietal rank, and so far as they have come under my
notice the specimens distributed under the varietal name
do not agree with description; the only truly glabrous
form I have seen grows in Napa County. No. 1, Don-
ner, Placer County; No. 2, Mt. Shasta; No. 3 (glabrous
form), Mt. St. Helena, Napa County. The common hy-
brid, and the only one known to me in which this species
is concerned is No. 9 from Donner, Placer County, men-
tioned on a preceding page under C. cordulatus.
I2. CEANOTHUS THYRSIFLORUS Esch. C. elegans,*
Lem. Ill. Hort. vii (1860) t. 268. C. d¢color Raf. New
Flora, part ili, 57 (1856)f.
CEANOTHUS THYRSIFLORA. C. foliis ovaiibus trinervibus serrulatis gla-
bris, caule multangulari, paniculis thyrsoideis in ramis axillaribus. In
nove Californie fruticetis. Frutex biorgyalis. Caulis strictus multan-
gularis glaber, in angulis granulatus, fuscus. Folia sparsa conferta, brev-
iter petiolata, pollicaria ovalia, plerumque obtusa, raro acuta, submucro-
nato serrulata, trinervia glabra, in nervis et venis panim pilosa. Stipule
triangulares acuminatsw deciduxw. Inflorescentia panicula thyrsoidea in
ramis axillaribus, panicule quatuor aut quinque cuncts cyman in caulis
apice formant. Flores ante anthesin bracteis ovatis acutis cinereo tomen-
tosis caducis tecti. Calix urceolaris cceruleus. Petala ovata alba.—
Eschsch. in Mém. Acad. Petersb., ser. vi, x, 285 (1826).
The range of this species is quite restricted. It is con-
fined to a narrow strip along the coast from the northern
border of California to the Santa Lucia Mountains in
Monterey County and never occurs more than a few miles
from the coast. In fact it is strictly confined to the red-
wood belt. Of all the species it has the greatest range of
unquestioned variation, both in size and in the form and
texture of the leaves. It is commonly a rather tall shrub
*I have not seen the description.
t Applied by Rafinesque to C. thyrsiflorus ‘‘since all the sp. are thyrsi-
flore.”’
Ig2 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
branching near the base, but at Noyo, Mendocino County,
it becomes a tree with clean trunk, 10-12 inches in di-
ameter, unbranched for 4—6 feet and 25-30 feet in height
with an equal spread of branches; while on the bleak and
wind swept hills overlooking Point Lobos Signal Station
at San Francisco it forms perfectly flat mats carpeting
the ground for many feet in extent. Its variations in
form, size and pubescence of the leaves and in the form
and size of the thyrse are sufficiently shown in the speci-
mens. No. 15, Monterey, a broad-leaved form with flow-
ers and fruit in almost globular heads; No. 16, Santa
Cruz Mountains; No. 17, Mt. Tamalpais, near San
Francisco; No. 18, Bolinas Ridge, Marin County; No.
19, San Gregorio, San Mateo County (white-flowered).
The hybrids represented in this collection are No. 52(C.
Lobbianus ) with C’. dentatus;* No. 57 with C. papillosus ;
Nos. 64 and 65 with C. soredzatus; No. 63 with C. folzo-
sus, and No. 107 (C.Veztchzanus) with C. rigidus. C.
floribundus a second hybrid with C. dentatus is not ex-
actly represented by any of the forms distributed.
13. CEANOTHUS ARBOREUS Greene.
CEANOTHUS ARBOREUS. A small tree, 15-25 feet high, trunk 6-10 inches
in diameter, smooth, with a light-gray bark; branches soft-pubescent:
leaves ovate, acute, serrate, or often rather crenate, 2-4 inches long, green
and puberulent above, whitish and soft-tomentose beneath: flowers pale
blue in a compound raceme: fruit not crested.—Island of Santa Cruz;
common on northward slopes in the more elevated regions. The largest
known species, with more ample foliage than is found in any other; but
always tree-like in shape, with clean trunk and open but round head, like
a well kept orchard tree; in this particular most unlike any other Ceano-
thus.—E. L. Greene in Bull. Cal. Acad., ii, 144 (1886).
This species has been referred by Prof.) Sarcent@sto
C’. velutinus as a variety. It appears to me much nearer
* Garden and Forest, ii, 364; Sylva of North America, 1i, 45.
es
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 193
some forms of C. azureus of which it has nearly the fruit.
It is so far as known confined to the islands off the coast
of California and is yet insufficiently known. It is com-
mon on Santa Catalina Island, where, as Prof. Trelease
notes, it was collected by Nuttall, and it is there very
rarely arborescent. Mr. Brandegee collected on Santa
Rosa Island a perfectly glabrous form of strikingly differ-
ent appearance and with much smaller fruit. It was per-
haps this form which led Prof. Sargent to refer the plant
to C. velutinus. While it is too near other species to
hold specific rank, it seems best to retain it until further
field studies are made, especially of the forms found on
Santa Rosa Island.
if, CBANOTHUS AZUREUS. Dest. C: ceruleus, jC:
bicolor HB.,{t C. glandulosus,§ C. azureus var.? par-
vifolius. ||
Ceanothus azureus, pubescens; foliis ovato-oblongis acuminatis, scabro-
serratis, subttis ramisque tomentosis, paniculis thyrsoideis: partialibus et
simplicibus brevibus ex fasciculis plurifloris in pedunculo crasso tomentoso
a basi ad apicem dispositis.—Ceanothus azureus. Desfont. tabl. 232; (ed.
1816 ).—Ceanothus ceruleus. Loddiges botan. Cabinet. 110.—Frutex
+ Ceanothus ceruleus: foliis oblongis subcordatis serratis, subtus tomen-
tosis: racemis compositis pedunculatis.—Habitat in Nova Hispania. .—
Semina missit D. Sesse.—Lagasca. Gen. et Spec. 11 (1816).
{ Ceanothus bicolor Humb. et Bonpl.; foliis ovali-lanceolatis serratis tri-
nerviis subtus canescenti-tomentosis, paniculis terminalibus. Reliqu.
Willd. MS.—Roem. & Schultes Syst. v, 300 (1819).
§ Ceanothus glandulosus n. sp., ramis glandulosis, foliis oblongis, basi
obtusiusculis, apice acutis, margine subulato-serrulatis, subtus tomen-
tosis, supra glabris vix lineatis subtriplinerviis, racemis compositis pani-
culas terminales constituentibus, primum bracteatis; bracteis ovatis fere
subulato-acuminatis apice patulis; pedunculis rhachibusque tomentosis.
Frutex altus, floribus cceeruleis, pr. las Trojes Octobri flor. Schiede leg.—
Sine omni dubio a praecedente [C. azureus] distinguendus. Si apices ra-
mulorum lateralium florigerorum pyramidis modo in ramis dispositorum
intueris nondum florentes, Salviam potius aliamve Labiatam videre cre-
2D SER., VOL. IV. (13 ) June 2, 1894,
194 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
erectus, ramis teretibus tomentosis, tandem subferrugineis. Fol. subtriuncia-
lia latitudine sesquiuncialia v. circiter, molliuscula, supra nudixs pubescentia
virentia immerse nervosa et subrugoso-venosa nervis 3 principibus longitudimal-
ibus ascendenter ramosis subttis varicosis, serrature marginalis dentibus mu-
crone vel spinula cartilaginen prefixis tomento pagine prone tandem subfer-
rugineo. petiolus pluriés brevior lamina pubescens. stipule arid, caduce,
acuminate. Panicule in ramulis oppositis axillaribus provenientes, brac-
teat, axillares, simplices semunciam vix excedentes, terminales composite
partialibus alternis bracteis furfuraceis caducis loco foliorum interstinctis.
pedicelli 7-flori filiformes equales pilosi albidi erecti per phalanges pluriflo-
ros bracteatos aggregati. Flores azurei, inexpansi magnitudine granum sem-
inis Coriandri subequantes. Cal. petalorum concolor et opacitis, oblato-cam-
panulatus, subpentagonus, ultra medium 5-fidus segmentis conniventibus ovato-
angulatis membranaceis. Cor. erecto-radiata; pet. 5, fornicato- vel galeato-
spathulata, divisuris calycis insita hisque 4 circu longiora, equalia; unguis
lineari angustus, convoluto-canaliculatus, deorstim attenuatus; lamina intror-
sum galeato-fornicata, lateribus productioribus, antheram usque ad anthesin
fovens. Stam. equalia petalis. fil. fundo calycis inserta erecta: auth. lutee,
erect, subrotundo-ovate, quadrilobo-biloculares, loculis compressis. Germ.
viridissimum, oblatum, glabrum, 3-angulare, cinctum annulo glanduloso disci
calycini: stylus tripartitus, cerulescens, divisiones filiformes fasciculate apice
replicate cequales calyci, puncto stigmatoso simplici.cMr. Brown, while
visiting the garden of La Malmaison near Paris the year before last, saw
this rare, and then unrecorded, shrub, in one of the garden-frames of that
des ob bracteas dense congestas, subtomentosas, coloratas ?, apice patulas,
omnium ramulorum lateralium inferne denudatorum et fastigil apices oc-
cupantes, e quibus dein evolyuntur racemi compositi et racemose ita
dispositi ut ramulum totum vel apicem ejus in paniculam multifloram
mutent. Folia maxima cum petiolo bilineari 1} p. longa, inferne } p. lata
sed pleraque minora, nervus veneeque utrinque subsenae subtus prominent
et cum tota pagina tomento ex ferrugineo albido sunt tecta. Stipulae
lineari-lanceolatae sensim attenuatae fuscae dorso et margine in primis
pilosae mox decidunt. Ramorum annotinorum apices quidem pubescunt,
sed pubes haec mox decidit et glandulae parvae convexae nitidulae faci-
lius conspiciuntur quae densissimae superticiem tegunt et scabriusculam
reddunt.—Schlechtendal in Linnea xv, 474 (1841).
|| CEANOTHUS AZUREUS Desf., var.? PARVIFOLIUS. A widely branching
shrub, with slender branchlets and small narrow leaves, 3 to 9 lines long;
fascicles of flowers in a very short, mostly naked, raceme-like thyrse (an
inch long or less), the pedicels scarcely a line long—On rocky slopes of
the Sierra Madre, Chihuahua; C. G. Pringle (n. 1205), Oct. 1887.—Sereno
Watson, in Proc. Am. Acad., xxiii, 270 (1888).
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 195
establishment, and was much struck by its beauty, the plant being at that
time loaded with clusters of fragrant azure blossom. It has been since
imported into this country from Mr. Parmentier’s collection at Enghien,
by Messrs. Loddiges; and our drawing was made from a sample which
flowered in their nursery at Hackney in April last. It is said to be very
difficult to propagate, consequently likely to continue rare. Probably na-
tive of Mexico, certainly of America, but not of New Holland, as has been
stated elsewhere.—Bot. Reg., iv, 291, pl. 291 (1818).
The accepted name of this species is a nomen nudum.
It is in the place cited * simply mentioned as ‘‘ Ceanothus
azureus azuré.b.’’ The diagnosis was not pub-
lished-until 1818. Therefore ‘as ©! deruicns was pub-
lished with a brief diagnosis in 1816 it should have been
taken as the proper name, but as C. azureus has been in
common use for nearly eighty years, it seems to me no
good purpose can be served by changing it.
The narrow-leaved form described by Dr. Watson is
undoubtedly connected in complete series with the type,
as is the case with similar forms of C. thyrsiflorus.
I5. CEANOTHUS DEPREssuS Benth.
CEANOTHUS depressus, sp. n., ramis teretibus crassis rigidis divaricatis,
ramulis brevibus swpe spinescentibus, foliis elliptico-ovatis obtusis tri-
nervibus supra puberulis demum glabratis, subtus albo-tomentosis, mar-
gine integerrimis glandulosis, glomerulis multifloris densis sessilibus folia
subequantibus, floribus glabris.—C. incano, Torr. et Gr. affinis, sed dis-
tinctus. Folia pleraque semipollicaria.—Benth. in Plants Hartwegiane
8, (1839). No locality is mentioned, but Hemsley in Biologia Cent.-Am.
i, 199, gives Hartweg’s station as Zacatecas, North Mexico.
This species is still so little known that its affinities can
only be conjectured. It may not belong to this group.
The solitary leaf that I have seen reminded somewhat of
a common Ceanothus of San Diego County, which in this
paper is included in the following species.
* Desf. Tabl. ed. ii, 232, 1815.
196 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
c. GLanpbutost. ranches terete, slender, more or less
resinous-warly. Leaves I- or 3-nerved of rather
thin texture, conspicuously glandular. Fruit small,
moderately crested. Flowers mostly deep blue
(usually pale in C. hirsutus ) but occasionally white
in all of them.
16, | CEANOTHUS OFIGANTHUS INutt, CG. O7cutiee
Ceanothus oliganthus (Nutt. mss.): ‘‘Stem and branches villous; leaves
elliptical-ovate, nearly glabrous above, villous beneath, glandularly ser-
rulate, rather obtuse [3-ribbed from the base]; panicles lateral and term-
inal, very short, few-flowered, naked or leafy towards the base, persistent;
disk pentangular; ovary with 3 protuberances at the angles nearly as
large as itself. Bushy woods on the hills of St. Barbara, California.—A
shrub. Leaves on moderately long petioles. Clusters of flowers scarcely
longer than the leaves. Flowers white, rather large.” Nuttall.—Torr. &
Gray, Fl. N. Am., i, 266 (1838).
This species has long been included in C. Azrsutus, al-
though in the localities where they grow together they
are easily distinguishable. They are however connected
by such a series of intermediates that it seems best to
consider C. Azrsutus merely a variety. The name olzgan-
thus has precedence. No. 30, Santa Barbara; No. 31,
Pasadena; No. 32 (C. Orcuttzz), mountains back of
San Diego at elevations of 800-1500 feet. The hairy
ovary and fruit on which C. Orcutt: was founded, are
found in less degree in the type form of C. oliganthus.
* Ceanothus Orcuttii, n. sp. Branches flexible, dull reddish, with short
hispid pubescence; leaves petiolate, broadly orbicular to oblong-cordate,
usually rounded obtuse, 30 to 40 mm. in length, often as broad, irregularly
glandular-serrate, sparingly hispid above, strongly triple-nerved beneath,
with prominent hairy ciliate veins; inflorescence axillary, oval scarcely
exceeding the leaves, rather compact, with pubescent rachis and smooth
pedicles; flowers apparently white or ight blue (seen only in fallen frag-
ments); fruit glandular-hispid, with corrugated resinous epicarp and con-
spicuous crests; seeds light brown.—Habitat:-—High mountains east of
San Diego. C.R. Orcutt, May and July, 1889. Remarkable for its gland-
ular-hispid fruit, nearest allied to C. sanguineus Pursh.—Parry in Proce.
Davenp. Acad., v. 194 (1889).
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 197
The forms of this species have been more troublesome
to botanists than even those of C’. sfznosus or C. tnteger-
rimus. C. divaricatus answering to Nuttall’s description
and fragmentary specimens, is not recognizable as a valid
species at the type locality. It is there represented by
many slightly differing forms, either variations of C.
hirsutus or hybrids of that species and C. spznosus.
Under the name of C. dzvaricatus in most herbaria there
are usually to be found C. spznosus var. Palmeri; C.
cordulatus, or the more rigid forms of C. sorediatus.
C. soredzatus is merely the northward extension of C.
hirsutus, and C. ¢ntricatus is as its author came to know
only C’.. soredzatus in its smaller and more rigid growth.
Var. HIRSUTUS (Nutt.) C. divaricatus,* C. sorediatus,t
C. intricatus.t
Ceanothus hirsutus (Nutt. mss.): ‘‘Somewhat spiny and almost hirsute,
particularly the young branches; leaves cordate-ovate, glandularly ser-
*Ceanothus divaricatus(Nutt.! mss.): ‘‘SSomewhat thorny, nearly glabrous;
leaves elliptical-oblong or oblong-ovate. lucid, somewhat obtuse, minutely
and glandularly serrulate, pubescent (particularly on the nerves) beneath;
flowering branches divaricate; leafy thyrsus interrupted; rather loose;
ovary sub-globose, without protuberances. Mountains of St. Barbara and
also near the town. April.—A straggling shrub. The abortive branchlets
at length become spinose. Leaves 8-12 lines long, somewhat coriaceous,
3-nerved from the base, the lateral nerves obscure: petioles about 2 lines
long. Thyrsus oblong, with several remote fascicles in the axils of the
leaves. Flowers blue. Fruit about the size of apeper-corn. Nuttall.—
Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am., i, 266 (1838).
{Ceanothus sorediatus; ramis teretibus resinoso-verrucosis, ramulis paten-
tibus subsericeis, foliis elliptico-ovatis obtusis subcoriaceis minute gland-
uloso-dentatis 3-costatis supra glabris subtus incano-pubescentibus ad
nervos sericeis, glomerulis multifloris densis folio parum longioribus
(floribus ceruleis).—The short dense glomerules of flowers resemble those
of the first species [C. spinosus]; but these flowers are blue. The germen
too is without lobes. The branches are copiously studded with resinous
warts, in the more exposed parts of the stem, frequently forming large
patches.”—H. & A. in Bot. Beech., 328 (1840).
$C. intricatus, nu. sp. Densely branched, younger shoots hirsutely
198 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
rulate, nearly sessile, rather obtuse [3-ribbed from the base]; panicle
terminal, elongated, leafy; disk obscurely pentangular; protuberances of
the ovary small. In thickets with the preceding, to which it is closely
alied.—A straggling shrub. Young branches, leaf-buds and bracts very
hairy; the upper surface of the leaves also almost villous. Fruit rather
small.” Nuttall.—Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am., i, 266 (1838).
The examples of C. Azvsutus in this collection are: No.
37, santa. Barbara; Nos..°38;. 30,.40 (C. -seredzaiasy;
mountains between San Francisco and Santa Cruz; No.
41, Tamalpais and No. 42, Bolinas Heights (C. soredz-
atus); No. 43 (C. tntricatus), summit of Tamalpais.
The hybrids are: No. 58, with C. papellosus; Nos. 61
and 62, with C. foliosus; Nos. 64 and 65, with C. thyr-
siflorus; and No. 68, with C. spznosus.
Var. TOMENTOSUS (Parry). C.azareus,* C. nitedus.t
CEANOTHUS TOMENTOSUS, n. sp. C. sorediatus Parry, not Hook. & Arn.
Character transferred and enlarged. Four to eight feet in height with
slender branches light gray or reddish, younger shoots densely rusty-
pubescent; leaves somewhat rigid, crowded on short stems, short petiolate,
narrowly ovate (15x6 mm.), dull green above, hoary pubescent beneath,
triple-nerved from the base, with inconspicuous mid-veins, more or less
strongly revolute, margins entire, but glandularly ciliate; inflorescence
short pedunculate, not exceeding the leaves—flowers not seen—fruit 4mm.
broad, smooth, with resinous exocarp, cocci with blunt apical crests.
Habitat:—Kuown only from fruiting specimens collected on the summit
of Mount Tamalpais, Marin County, July, 1886, by Mrs. M. K. Curran;
closely allied to C. cordulatus, but differing in the character of its foliage,
and peculiar in its isolated locality.—Parry in Proc. Davenp. Acad., v. 168
(1889).
“Ceanothus azareus, Kellogg. This species is supposed to be new. The
provisional name indicates the exquisite beauty of its flowers, which
are the most vivid azure or cobalt-lilac color. Stem dull red, minutely
warty, with occasional pubescence: branches terete. The young branches
and racemes short canescent pubescent. Leaves ovate sub-acute; lesser
leaves obtuse, somewhat fasciculate, glandulously serrate, strongly 4-nerved
from the base; densely white velvety beneath and along the veins, glabrous
and shining as if varnished above. Flowers on axillary, elongated, com-
pound racemose-peduncles leafy at the base, about three inches in length;
ET
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. I99
tomentose, deciduous on the older branches; leaves short petiolate, sparsely
scattered on the branches, with short fasciculate branches in the axils,
oval to sub-cordate, 10-25 mm. in length, dull green, smooth above, to-
mentose beneath, strongly triple-nerved from the base, irregularly and
coarsely glandular serrate, occasionally sub-lobed; inflorescence compact
or oval, on short or more or less prolonged peduncles, flowers intense
azure; fruit 3mm. broad, with inconspicuous crests at maturity.—Hab-
itat:—known to the writer only from the brown sanstone ledges of Ione,
Amador County, associated with Arctostaphylos myrtifolia, Parry, flower-
ing in March, fruit in May.—Trelease in Proc. Davenp. Acad. v, 190 (1889).
In the Botany of California this plant which is found at
elevations of 1,000—2,000 feet in the central Sierra Ne-
vada, was included under C’.. soredzatus. It bears a con-
siderable resemblance to forms of C. azureus, but differs
in leaf outline and tomentum. C. azareus Kell. is the
older name but was palpably a misprint. Possibly Dr.
Kellogg discovered after its publication that there was an
earlier C’. azureus, for he did not correct the spelling when
the first volume of the Proceedings of the California Acad-
emy of Sciences was reprinted. C. uztzdus referred in
Bot. Cal., Watson’s Index and the Kew Index, to Pac.
i hep. ivy 75,15 not to be found at the place cited, or
elsewhere in the Survey volumes. No. 35, Ione, Amador
County, type locality.
In this variety is included a plant from Southern Cali-
fornia, which is about equally related to C. tomentosus and
C. hirsutus. It is represented in this distribution by No.
33 from San Diego; No. 34 from Encinitas and No. 36
from Nuevo, San Diego County; and by No. 110 from
fascicles of flowers covered by a single ovate, acute, pubescent bract, at
length descending.—The fruit we have not seen. Thelargest leaves are
scarcely one inch in length, five-eights broad, on short petioles from one-
eighth to one-quarter of an inch in length; the smaller and more numer-
ous fascicles of axillary leaves abut one-quarter to one-half these dimen-
sions [Placerville, E. W. Garvitt].—Proc. Cal. Acad. i, 55 (1855); 2d ed.,
p. 54.
t «*(, nitidus Torr.” Bot. Cal. i, 103 (1880), name only.
200 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
San Pedro Martir. Nos. 2023 and 2028, Parish, from
San Bernardino County, is either a broader-leaved form
or a hybrid.
17. CEANOTHUS DIVERSIFOLIUS Kell. C. decum-
bens.*
Ceanothus diversifolius—Kellogg. Branches both old and young, pe-
duncles, petioles and leaves, densely villous; lateral branches divaricate,
slightly nodding. Leaves oblong-ovate or elliptical-ovate, obtuse, or sub-
acute, 3-nerved, in most of the young leaves the lateral nerves are obscure;
lamina thin membranous, densely villous, bluish green and slightly
glabrous beneath, shorter villous pubescent above, not shining, retuse-
mucronate-dentate; teeth somewhat cuspidate, glandular, petioles about +
the length of the leaf. Flowers in long axillary, simple racemes, some-
what pendant, flowers mostly crowded into a corymbose cluster at the
extremity on pedicels of 4 to 3 of an inch long, colored racemes 2 to 3
inches long; scarcely leafy at the base, although a few scales are observed,
and occasionally a very minute leaf; flower buds covered with small pu-
bescent bracts, at length deciduous, —calyx more infolded, and less cowled
than usual in this genus, giving the flower an angular or ribbed appear-
ance, style exserted, united to the top, stigma barely divided, branches
green, colored on the sunny side, and studded with small flat glandular
warts [Dr. K. exhibited specimens and a drawing of a species of Ceanothus
from Placerville, E.W. Garvett].—Proc. Cal. Acad. i, 58 (1855); Ed. 2, p. 57.
Dr. Kellogg’s name is much the older, but his descrip-
tion giving no indication of its decumbent character, caused
it to be referred toa different species. There is no doubt
of their identity both on account of the locality and from
the colored drawing which Dr. Kellogg made, according
to his custom, of his type. No. 44, Dutch Flat, Placer
County; No. 45, Calaveras Big Tree Grove, both from
*CEANOTHUS DECUMBENS. Slender, trailing, hirsutely pubescent with
spreading hairs; leaves rather thin, flat, 3-14 inches long, elliptic-oblong,
somewhat cuneate at base, obtuse or acutish, glandular-serrate, the greenish
glands usually stipitate; flowers in short dense shortly pedunculate ra-
cemes, about 4} inch long or less.—Frequent in the mountains of Central
California, from the Mariposa Grove northward; collected by Fremont
(n. 357), Bigelow (C. sorediatus of Whipple’s Report), Stillman, Brewer,
(n. 1624), Bolander (n. 6331), and Torrey (n. 69).— Sereno Watson in Proc.
Am. Acad. x, 335 (1875).
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 201
the Sierra Nevada, to which the typical form seems to be
confined.
Var. FoLiosus (Parry). C. foliosus, C. Lemmonz.*
C’. foliosus,n.sp. Branches slender, divergent, pubescent when young;
leaves somewhat coriaceous, crowded, fasciculate, small—5 to 8 mm. long—
ovate, obtuse, narrowed at base toa short petiole, irregularly crenate, with
frequent resinous glands, obscurely triple-nerved near the base, not revo-
lute at the margin but inclined to fold back on the midrib; inflorescence
terminal and axillary, loosely globose, or slightly elongated; flowers few,
on short pedicels, light blue; fruit triangular, 3-4 mm. broad, sharply
crested at thesummit. Habitat:—A densely branched shrub, 3-5 feet high
with light green leaves, more or less resinous glandular; has been referred
to C. dentatus—included above as a variety of C. papil/osus—from which it
differs in every essential character. In its general features it comes nearest
to the South Atlantic coast species, forming with them a well-marked
group, approximating the section [CERASTES] following. The specimens
seen were collected in the upper Napa Valley, where it is abundant, being
associated with C. Parryi and C. divergens.—Parry in Proc. Davenp.
Acad., v. 172 (1889).
Typical C. folzosus or the still more pronounced form
found on Tamalpais seems to be far enough removed
from either C. decumbens or C. Lemmonz, but they are
all closely connected by forms common in Lake and
Mendocino counties. C. folzosus has been usually con-
sidered a form of C. dentatus, to which it is indeed
rather nearly related. No. 46, Cahto, Mendocino Coun-
ty; No. 47, Mt. Hanna, Lake County; No. 48; Mt.’St.
Helena, Napa County (type locality); No. 49, Tamal-
“Ceanothus Lemmoni, n.sp.: Two feet high or less, spreading with rigid
branches, bark lightish gray, more or less hairy pubescent on the younger
stems; leaves narrowly elliptic to oval, 10 to 25 mm. in length, smooth
above, ciliate pubescent on the veins beneath, glandular-serrate, the ser-
rations most distinct on young, vigorous shoots, stipules somewhat rigid;
inflorescence short on prolonged leafy peduncles, flowers of a light or faded
blue color; fruit 4 mm. broad, conspicuously crested. Habitat:—John-
son’s Ranch, near Quincy, Plumas County, Lemmon, 1874,—May 30, 1889.
Rocky slopes of the upper Sacramento Valley, 1888-9, C.C. Parry.—Parry
in Proc. Davenp. Acad., v. 192 (1889).
202 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
pais; No. 50, Bolinas Heights; No. 111 (C. Lemmonz),
Bartlett Mountain, Lake County. The range of the va-
fiety is quite. extended: It has been’ collected ‘oni the
Cuyamaca Mountains, San Diego County.
18. CEANOTHUS DENTATUS T. & G. C. impressus.*
Ceanothus dentatus: branches (and veins of the leaves beneath) tomen-
tose with rusty hairs, leaves much crowded and fascicled, coriaceous,
oblong-cuneiform, retuse, toothed, with revolute margins, more or less
hairy on both sides [l-ribbed, pinnately veined]; peduncles elongated,
nearly terminal; thyrsus oblong, of numerous umbel-like fascicles; ovary
with three protuberances at the summit. California, Douglas/—Leaves
scarcely half an inch long, strongly and remotely feather-veined, pitted
beneath, irregularly and obtusely toothed. Peduncles an inch or more in
length. Flowers crowded, white.—Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am. i, 268 (1838).
This species in its typical form appears to be confined
to the vicinity of Monterey. It is quite possible that a
better knowledge of its extension and variations will show
that it should include C. decumbens and its forms. The
general habit and texture is the same, which counts for a
great deal where the differences between species are so
very slight. No. 51, Monterey (flowers white in some of
the specimens). C’. zmpressus appears to be nothing but
a stocky southern form growing on unsheltered sandhills.
Mrs. Lemmon’s locality for the form is unknown, but
both Mr. L. Jared and Mrs. Ida M. Blochman have col-
lected it near San Luis Obispo.t
*C.IMPREssuS, n. sp. Villous, with short spreading hairs: leaves broadly
elliptical to nearly obicular, 6 to 8 mm. long, loosely villous, espe-
cially on the veins below, the upper surface deeply furrrowed over the
midrib and several pairs of lateral nerves, the slightly glandular margin
very revolute, appearing there as if crenate: peduncles about 10 mm. long,
scaly toward the base: inflorescence sub-globose, compact: fruit not seen.—
Santa Barbara County, Cal.—Trelease in Proc. Cal. Acad., ser. 2, i, 112
(1888).
t Zoe, iv, 286.
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 20
Ww
Var. PAPILLOosus (Torr. & Gray).
Ceanothus papillosus. branches tomentose; leaves narrowly oblong, much
crowded, fascicled in the axils, densely and softly tomentose beneath,
glandularly denticulate on the margin [l-ribbed, pinnately veined]; pe-
duncles aggregated, clusters somewhat capitate; ovary triangular, the
angles projecting at the summit. California, Douglas/—Branches terete.
Leaves 1-1} inch long (those fascicled in the axils smaller), fringed on the
margin with numerous capitate glandular teeth; the upper surface con-
spicuously papillose and somewhat hairy. Peduncles numerous at the
summit of the branches; the flower-buds at first invested with ovate
woolly bracts: pedicels 2-3 lines long. Flowers blue.—Torr. & Gray, FI.
N. Am. i, 268 (1838).
In Dr. Parry’s revision of Ceanothus C’. dentatus was
reduced to C’. fapillosus. He had not then seen C. den-
tatus growing, and after so seeing it, altered his opinion.
He was, however, without knowledge of the forms since
collected, and contrasted the typical forms of each. The
epidermis of C’. Papillosus is occasionally white and de-
ciduous as is shown in No. 56, and even in some spec-
imens of Parry’s distribution, a character which strength-
ens its relationship to C. Lemmonz. Miss Eastwood has
collected specimens in the Santa Lucia Mountains with
lilac flowers, and extremely narrow leaves, which are
closely revolute. The range of the variety is shown
by the localities given for the specimens. On the bare
grassy mesas sloping upward from the sea at San Sim-
eon, it grows prostrate on the ground, often entirely
hidden by the grass and stunted weeds. This form,
No. 53, is frequently quite destitute of papillae. No. 53,
San Simeon; No. 54, Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz Mount-
aims: No. 55, Bis Tree Grove, near Santa Cruz; No.
56, Forest Grove, near Wright’s, on the eastern slope of
the Santa Cruz Mountains. The known hybrids (Nos.
57, 58, 59, 60) have been already noticed under C. znte-
gerrimus, C. tncanus, C. thyrsifiorus and C. hirsutus.
204 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
§ Cerastes.
Leaves usually opposite, pinnately-veined, coriaceous,
persistent, never glandular; subulate stipules deciduous
from the persistent corky base. Fruit never resinous,
hardly sulcate between the cocci, usually with conspicuous
hornlike protuberances above the middle. Species all
very closely related, perhaps best treated as varieties of a
single species.
Ig. CEANOTHUS CUNEATUS (Hook). C. cuneatus var.
ramulosus.*
Rhamnus? cuneatus; ramis subferrugineo-pubescentibus, foliis oppositis
in axillis fasciculatis coriaceis brevissime petiolatis cuneatis obtusis, retu-
sisve supra glabris subtus pubescentibus albidis reticulatis.—‘‘ Rhamnus.”
Douglas MSS.—Has. North-West America. Abundant near the sources of
the Multnomak River, in sandy soils, growing under the shade of Pinus
Lambertiana. Douglas.—I have retained this in the genus Rhamnus, it
being so named by Mr. Douglas in the Herbarium of the Horticultural
Society: but when its flowers and fruit shall be known, it will probably
prove to be something very different, even from the Order Rhamnew. It
constitutes a harsh shrub, from four to twelve feet high, with numerous,
stout, rigid, terete, opposite, subpatent, and subspiniform branches, very
leafy, and clothed with a rusty-coloured down. Leaves the largest of them
scarcely an inch long, and those oblong, cuneate at the base, while those
on the younger parts of the branches are more decidedly cuneate, and
smaller, all of them opposite, bearing clusters of young leaves and
branches in the axils, coriaceous, the margins slightly revolute, entire, the
apex obtuse, retuse, emarginate, and sometimes tridentate, glabrous, and
very obscurely obliquely nerved on the upper surface; beneath downy
with the nerves oblique, close, prominent, brown, and reticulated with
transverse veins, the areole of these veins, when seen under a microscope,
are filled with a beautiful, short, dense fascicle of hairs, which hairs orig-
inate in a circle, and all converge towards the centre of the little tuft, lying
*C. CUNEATUS var. RAMULOSUS. Smaller, the branchlets more humerous
and more leafy: leaves narrower and longer, more tomentose beneath: fl.
half as large, scentless, deep blue: fr. smaller and more elongated.—The
type abundant at middle elevations throughout our whole district, extend-
ing northward to the Columbia: the variety in the Coast Range only, and
from Santa Cruz Mts., Greene, to Marin and Napa counties, Mrs. Curran.
Dr. Parry. Feb.-April.—E. L. Greene in Fl. Fr., 86.
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 205
nearly flat. From the axils of some of the leaves, and from a terminal
pair in others, arisesa peduncle? clothed with rusty-brown hairs, and bear-
ing a globose bud, or cluster of buds (apparently of very young flowers),
surrounded by small, rusty, closely-pressed bractew? But of the nature
of these flowers I can make nothing. The whole plant yields, even when
not rubbed or bruised, a balsamic odour like that of some Balsam-Poplars,
mixed with a powerful astringency resembling the smell of young Birch
twigs.—It is to be hoped that during his present arduous journey through
North-West America, Mr. Douglas will obtain flowering and _ fruit-bearing
specimens of this singular plant.—Hook, Fl. Bor-Am., i, 124 (1830).
Through the northern part of its range C’. cuneatus is
moderately well defined. In the region of the central
Sierra Nevada it barely reaches the altitude of 4000 feet,
and at this elevation is only 2-3 feet in height with droop-
ing branches. In the foothills of the great valley of
California it is a rather rigidly upright bush, with white
flowers, and often covering a large extent of country; it is
above bushes called ‘*chapparal.’’ In Lake County the
prevailing form has very small leaves. In the Coast Range
it reaches its largest size, and the flowers run through all
the shades from white through lilac to deep purple-blue.
No. 95, San Marcos Pass, near Santa Barbara; No. 96,
Tamalpais; No. 97, Mt. Hamilton; No. 98, Boulder
Creek, Santa Cruz Mountains; No. 99, Tehachapi; No.
100, Lake County; No. ror, Leesville, Colusa County ;
No. 102, Mt. St. Helena; No. 103, Blue Cafion, Placer
County; No. 104, Cobb Mountain, Lake County; No.
105, Sheep Ranch, Calaveras County. The hybrids are
all with C. prostratus and its forms. No. 76, Blue
Canon; No. 77 (hybrid with var. divergens ), Cobb
Mountain; No. 78 (C.. connivens ), Sheep Ranch; No.
81 (hybrid with var. Aenetorum ), Bradford, Lake County.
Var. MACRocaRPuSs (Nutt.). C. megacarpus.*
15. Ceanothus macrocarpus (Nutt.! mss.): ‘‘Branchlets canescent with a
“Nuttall, Sylva, ii, 46. Changed because of the earlier (, macrocarpus
DC. which is now referred to Colubrina.
206 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
rusty-colored pubescence; leaves alternate, rather crowded, sometimes a
little fascicled in the axils, thick and coriaceous, obovate-cuneate, entire,
often emarginate, glabrous above, whitish and minutely tomentose-
canescent beneath, [l-ribbed, pinnately veined]; flowers in lateral pedunc-
ulate nearly simple umbels; fruit very large, with three projecting horn-
like appendages at the summit.” Mountains of St. Barbara, California,
Nuttall/—A shrub 3-6 feet high. Fruit twice or thrice as large as in the
preceding.—Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am., i, 267 (1838).
With this I would include the ‘‘C. crass¢folius’’ ot the
lists from Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz islands, which
is indifferently either alternate- or opposite-leaved. C.
macrocarpus is said in Flora Franciscana to belong to
the ‘‘Summits of Santa Ynez Mountains.’’ I found it
to be most common at low elevations. The fruit, as will
be seen, is very variable in size. The shrub at Santa
Barbara appears to be constantly alternate-leaved, but
just beyond the summit of the pass occurs C. cuneatus
(No. 95) with opposite leaves and scarcely otherwise to
be distinguished. The character is evidently of no spe-
cific value in view of the behavior of the island form.
Alternate leaves are occasionally found in other localities,
on vigorous shoots of otherwise normal plants. No. 89,
Santa Barbara: No. 88, Santa Catalina Island.
20. CEANOTHUS VERRUCOSUS Nutt.
16. Ceanothus verrucosus (Nutt.!mss.): ‘‘ Branches verrucose, and (as also
the veins of the lower surface of the leaves) somewhat canescent, with a
rusty-colored pubescence; leaves alternate, approximate or crowded, very
thick and coriaceous, roundish-oboyate or cuneate-oval, often emarginate,
[l-ribbed, pinnately veined], the younger ones sometimes obscurely ser-
rulate, glabrous above, minutely tomentose-canescent beneath; umbels
axillary, few-flowered, naked; fruit with minute protuberances at the
angles. Low hills near the coast, St. Diego, California.—Leaves about
half an inch long and 4-5 lines wide, similar to the preceding in texture,
venation, &c. Flowers white. Fruit the size of a large pea.”—Very near
C. cuneatus (, and perhaps only another variety of that species; from
which it differs, however, in its broader leaves and tuberculate stems, as
well as in the minute tubercles of the fruit.—Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Am.,
i, 267 (1838).
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 207
From Encinitas, San Diego County, to Guadalupe
Creek, Baja California, always near the coast. No. 90,
San Diego; No. 91, Encinitas; No. 113, Guadalupe
Creek.
Var. RIcIpuS (Nutt.).
17. C.rigidus (Nutt.! mss.): ‘‘ Young branches pubescent; leaves opposite
and crowded, cuneate-obovate, mostly retuse, thick and coriaceous, mu-
cronately crenate-toothed, glabrous above, somewhat canescent beneath,
[l-ribbed, pinnately veined]; umbels axillary and terminal, few-flowered,
sessile; pedicels at length elongated; ovary with 3 protuberances. Bushy
woods near Monterey, California. March.—A shrub about 6 feet high,
rigid, intricately branched, almost spinose. Leaves about half an inch
long, sometimes nearly obcordate; teeth conspicuous; the veins, etc., as
in the preceding. Clusters of flowers composed of several small crowded
umbels; the pedicels gradually elongating to the length of 3-4 lines.
Calyx and corolla bright blue.” Nuttall.—Resembles the last two species
in many respects.—Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Am., i, 268 (1838).
Under this variety it seems best to include nearly all
the forms of the Cerastes section which have opposite
more or less dentate leaves and conspicuous warty stip-
ules as in typical C. verrucosus. Some of the forms
make a close approach to C’. cuneatus, while others con-
nect very closely with C’. prostratus. No. 92, San Sim-
eon; No. 93, Monterey (type locality); No. 94, Tamal-
pais; No. 106, Bolinas Heights; No. 112, San Pedro
Martr; No. 114, san Felipe Creek, Colorado Desert,
California. No. 107 (C. Vezctchzanus), hybrid with C.
thyrsiflorus.
Var. GRANDIFOLIus Torr.
CEANOTHUS RIGIDUS var. GRANDIFOLIUS. Punta de los Reyes; April 18.
The leaves are three times larger than in the ordinary form of this species,
and strongly spinose-toothed on the sides, as well as at the extremity. This
variety seems to show almost a transition to C. prostratus through the
broad-leaved form of that plant noticed below; but we are not willing to
unite the two species, without seeing a more extensive suite of specimens
for comparison.—Torr in P. R. R., iv, 75 (1857).
In Watson’s Index this variety is placed under C. crass-
208 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
tfolius. No. 82, near Cahto, Mendocino County. What
appears to be this variety was collected on Guadalupe
Island by Dr. Palmer and by Dr. Franceschi.
Var. Greece (Gray).
CEANOTHUS GREGGII (sp. nov.): divaricato-ramosissimus; ramulis tomen-
tenso-puberulis; foliis confertis ellipticis oblongisve integerrimis coriaceis
crassis uninerviis glabellis subtus leviter penninerviis primum tomentu-
losis (8-5 lin. longis); pedicellis pubescentibus (demum glabratis) flore
albo paullo longioribus.—(Battlefield of Buena Vista, Gregg; in flower.)
Side of mountains near Frontera, New Mexico, July; in fruit.—Shrub 2-5
feet high, with very rigid branches. Pedicels shorter than the leaves.
Flowers small. Fruit about 2 lines/in diameter.—I have only poor speci-
mens of this species. It bears a considerable resemblance to small-leaved
forms of C. cuneatus, NVutt.; but the leaves are not narrowed towards
the base, and the pinnate veins underneath are obscure.—Gray in Plante
Wrightiane, ii, 28 (1853).
C. Greggit, of which I have not seen the type, is al-
most equally connected with C. r7g7dus and C’. cuneatus.
To itis perhaps best referred C. vestztus* (part of No.
99, from Tehachapi), though it is apparently quite as near
some of the forms referred to the next variety. Speci-
mens of C. rzg7dus collected at San Simeon (No. 92)
are intermediate between C’. Greggzz and C. rzg7dus, and
connect closely with the next variety.
Var. CRASSIFOLIUS (Torr.)
CEANOTHUS CRASSIFOLIUS, (Vorr. in Emory’s Mex. Bound Rep., cum tab.
ined...) fruticosus, ramulis pubescentibus; foliis ovatis, integerrimis, vel
remote spinuloso-denticulatis coriaceis crassis penninerviis, supra demum
elabratis, subtus albo-tomentosis, thyrsis subsessilibus umbelliformibus
“CEANOTHUS VESTITUS. Near C. cuneatus, and like it in size and habit:
leaves and branchlets ashy-tomentulose, the former opposite, coriaceous,
sobsessile, 4 to 6 lines long, round-obovate, obtuse or retuse, somewhat
concave above, sharply spinulose-dentate all around: flowers white: cap-
sule apparently small, the short salient appendages inserted at about the
middle.—Borders of pine forests on the mountains near Tehachapi, Kern
Co. Calif. 25 June, 1889; growing with C. cuneatus, the latter at that time
with almost mature fruit; C. vestitus being only well past flowering.—E. L.
Greene in Pitt. 11, 101, June, 1890).
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 209
(floribus albis). Hills and sandy plains, Cajon Pass, March 16; Teyung,
California, Mr. Wallace 1854. Dr. Parry discovered this well-marked
species in the mountains south of Los Angeles, while acting as botanist,
under Major Emory, in the Mexican boundary survey.—Pac. R. Rep. ivy,
75 (1857). Mex. Bound. Survey, ii, 46, pl. 11 (1859).
While typical C. crass¢folius, such as Nos. 84 and 85,
appears quite distinct from any form of C. rég7¢dus, the
forms found growing together at South Side bring them
very near together. No. 83, South Side (Soledad Canon),
Los Angeles County; No. 84, Foster’s, San Diego Coun-
ty; No. 85, Newhall, Los Angeles County; No. 87,
Summit of Santa Ynez Mountains, Santa Barbara.
21. CEANOTHUS PROSTRATUS Benth.
CEANOTHUS prostratus sp. n.: fruticosus, prostratus, glaber, resinosus,
foliis oppositis cuneatis apice spinuloso-tridentatis coriaceis obscure pen-
ninervibus, thyrsis brevibus sub-umbelliformibus.—Fruciculus ramosis-
simus, rigidus, in terram prostratus. Rami et folia omnia opposita.
Ramuli juniores subangulati, demum teretes. Stipule anguste, lanceolata
acute, fusce, linea breviores. Folia 6-9 lin. longa, basi in petiolum bre-
vem angustata, versus apicem divisa in dentes seu lobos 3 spinescenti-
triangulares quorum intermedius vulgo latior, cxterum integerrima,
crasso-coriacea. Ven laterales in folio juniore iis C. cuneati similes sed
in adultiore vix conspicue sunt, et pagina inferior etsi pallida vix canes-
cit. Ramuli floriferi 1—12 pollicares, basi raro instructi foliorum pari
ramealibus conformium, sepius aphylli, folia nempe floralia cum stipulis
concreta, et mutata in bracteas orbiculatas concavas membranaceas deci-
duas 14-2 lin. longas. Nodi floriferi dilatati, in quoque ramulo 1-2 quorum
ultimos pedicellos emittit circa 6 graciles, 4-6 lin. longos, et inferior pedi-
cellos similes 2 v 3. Rarius pars florifera ramuli elongatur et nodos prebet
floriferos plurimos approximatos prucifloros. Flores cerulei magnitudine
C. cuneati. Ovarium glandulis 3 elevatis coronatum.—In montibus Sacra-
mento.—Benth. in Plante Hartwegiane, 302, (1848).
This does not well describe the species as it occurs in
the higher elevations from Washington to Central Califor-
nia but applies much better to some of its hybrids with
C’. cuneatus, such for instance as the one described as C.
connivens Greene. The leaves in the forms from north-
ern and elevated regions, which must be taken as repre-
senting the species, are 5-9-toothed. The fruit in all the
2p SER., Vou. IV. (14) June 2, 1894,
210 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
forms here included differs from that of all other species
in being more fleshy and often bright red, and the protu-
berances from the upper part of the fruit are ribbed and
unusually prominent. Through the forms of its variety
pinetorum it approaches closely both the northern and
southern forms of C’. r7g7dus, but if not held apart from
that species the whole Cerastes section would have logi-
cally to go as varieties under C’. cuneatus. No. 70, Don-
ner, Placer (County; No. 71, Mt. Shasta; Nos 72, s5lue
Cafion, Placer County; No. 75,Calaveras Big Tree Grove.
The hybrids in this collection have been mentioned under
C.velutinus, and under C’. cuneatus, with which it mixes
freely in all degrees. In all the observed hybrids the
fruit resembles C’. cuneatus, except in one instance, a
specimen collected at Susanville, Lassen County, not in
sufficient quantity for distribution.
Var. DIVERGENS (Parry).
C. divergens, un. sp. Branches rigid, divergent, hoary pubescent
when young; leaves 10-20 mm. long, 5-10 mm. broad, very rigid coria-
ceous, cuneate at base toa very short petiole, broadly truncate at sum-
mit, with prominent midrib, the principal pinnate veins terminating in
sharply mucronate broad serratures, dull green above, with distinct rows
of tufted areolar pubescence beneath; inflorescence in short umbellate
peduncles, occasionally subtended by one or more leaflets; fruit oblong,
5 mm. broad, 8 mm. long, deeply immersed in the rigid disc; exocarp
spongy, light pink before maturity, the appendages at the summit of
the cocci conspicuously horned, with accessory intermediate crests.
Habitat:—A low-branching shrub, the long divergent branches inclined
to support themselves on adjoining bushes, but never decumbent. Flow-
ers in April, fruit July; only known from a single locality in the in-
teresting botanical district of the Napa Valley. Though closely allied
to C. prostratus, with which, in herbarium specimens, it is easily con-
founded, it is clearly distinct in habit and foliage, as well as a widely dif-
ferent geographical range. Like all the species of this Section, the explosive
character of the capsules is very apparent to any one who would under-
take to collect fully mature seeds.—Parry in Proc. Davenp. Acad. v, 173
(1889).
As has been mentioned in the earlier pages of this pa
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 21
per, Dr. Parry, probably from age and feebleness, did
not ascend the mountains on the slopes of which he de-
scribed species of Ceanothus, and was therefore often
misled as to their range of variation. C. dzvergens was
described trom low elevations but higher up and on the
northward slopes of the same and the adjacent Cobb
Mountain it grows in just as flat squaw-mats as are found
in the Sierra Nevada, though the fruit is much smaller
and the leaves more spinose. No. 73, Cobb Mountain,
Lake County; No. 74, Mt. St. Helena, Napa County.
No. 77 is a hybrid with C. cuneatus.
Var. PINETORUM (Coville).
CEANOTHUS PINETORUM Sp. noy. PLATE VI. Plant of the sub-genus Ce-
rastes, 0.6 to 1 meter high, densely branched; branches divaricate, dark
brownish red when young; leaves opposite; stipules at maturity nearly as
thick as broad, ovate in outline, acute, divaricate, reflexed, from 2 or 3 to
5 mm. long, light brown, glabrous, spongy, and when old powdery within;
petiole 1 to 2 mm. long; blade broadly oblong, rounded at base and apex,
0.5 mm. thick, commonly 12 to 16 mm. long, glabrous or with traces of
early pubescence, spinulose-dentate, with 4 to 6 teeth on each side, the
under surface venose-reticulate, with minute white areolxw; flowers not col-
lected; fruiting peduncle 0.5 to 1.5 em. long, about 2 mm. thick; fruiting
pedicel of about the same length, somewhat slenderer; fruit 7 to 9 mm.
long in addition to the crests, these about 3 mm. long; seed oblong, about
4 mm. in length, black and shining at maturity.—Type specimen in the
United States National Herbarium, No. 1738, Death Valley Expedition;
collected August 30, 1891, near Lyon Meadow, Sierra Nevada, Tulare
County, California, by Frederick V. Coville.—The species was seen only
in the forests of Pinus jeffreyi, on the head waters of Kern River, in the
valley that lies between the two main crests of the Sierra Nevada. The
very large fruit, the form of the leaves, and the erect habit of the plant
distinguish it from all the species of the sub-genus. In our specimens
the conspicuous enlargement of the stipules is remarkable.—F. V. Coville
in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb., vol. iv, 80 (1893).
With this is included C. Yepsonzz,* which differs in its
more undulate leaves and less corky stipules. Besides
*CEANOTHUS JEPSONII. Low bush rigidly erect and intricately branch-
ing, 2-4 ft. high, the branches and branchlets short and very stout, divar-
icate, puberulent when young: leaves } in. long, hard-coriaceous, oblong,
N
H
tw
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the type locality Ceanothus pinetorum was collected on a
sand bar of the Kern River, near Kernville, in 1891, in
flower. Its flowers were blue. The form described as
C. Fepsoniz is common at middle elevations in Lake
County, where it is a very rigid bush 4-7 feet high,
with rather large white flowers. This form is farther re-
moved than any of the others from typical C’. frostratus,
but it is brought nearer by the coast forms. Thus at
Liberty’s, Marin County, and similar elevations of a few
hundred feet in that neighborhood, it is still a rigid up-
right bush, but with blue or purple flowers; while on the
neighboring flanks of Tamalpais at elevations of 2000
feet or more its branches droop often to the ground,
much in the manner of the variety divergens. No. 79
(C. Fepsoniz), Bradford, Lake County; No. 80, Tam-
alpais; No. 81, hybrid of C. cuneatus and C. Fepsonzz.
NAMED HysBriIbDs.
I. Hybrids of Euceanothus.
It was formerly the custom, now happily somewhat
fallen into neglect, to describe species from plants prop-
agated in gardens, with small inquiry as to their origin.
To this practice we owe all the specifically named hybrids
of Euceanothus. Nearly all of them were produced by
the crossing of C. Americanus and C. azureus, and their
derivation was probably suspected in most cases, as may
be seen by occasional notices in gardening journals.*
obtuse, or even truncate at both ends, the whole margin coarsely and sa-
liently spinose-toothed: fl. in short-peduncled simple clusters at the ends of
all the branchlets, large, dark bine, varying to white: fr. large, prominent-
ly 3-horned.—Open hills in Marin County, near San Geronimo and north-
ward. Confused with the preceding by Parry.—E. L. Greene in Manual
of the Bay Region Botany, 78 (1894).
*« One of the most remarkable of the novelties referred to was a fine
hardy variety of Ceanothus, called C. azureus latifolius; this had been se
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 213
Ceanothus Baumannianus Spach. Feuilles lancéolées ou lancéolées-
eblongues, pointues, légéremente dentelées, pubérules en dessous aux ner-
vures. Panicules subthyrsiformes, raccourcies, denses, pubescentes ainsi
que les ramules.—Tiges suffrutescentes, trés-rameuses, hautes de 1A 2
pieds, pubescentes vers, leur sommet. Feuilles longues de 12 A 18 lignes,
larges de 3.4 5 lignes. Fleurs trés-petites, d’un bleu de ciel assez vif.—
Cette espéce trés élégante a été envoyée au Jardin du Roi par MM. Bau-
mann, qui la cultivent A Bollwiller, sous le nom de Ceanothus micro-
phyllus; mais Vespéce A laquelle Michaux a appliqué ce nom est fort dif-
férente.—Spach, Hist. Nat. des Veg. ii, 460 (1834).
Ceanothus Delilianus Spach. — Ceanothus pulchellus Delile, in Hort.
Monspel.—Ce Céanot, dont on ignore l’origine, est peut-étre une hybride du
Ceanot azuré, dont il ne différe que par ses feuilles plus larges, légérement
pubescentes (non cotonneuses-ferrugineuses) en dessous, et par ses fleurs
dun bleu plus pale. Quoi qu’il en soit, c’est une plante A signaler A l’at-
tention des horticulteurs, parce qu’elle supporte en plein air le climat du
nord de la France. On la cultive depuis plusieurs années au Jardin du
Roi.—Spach. Histoire Nat. des Vegetaux ii, 459 (1834).
Ceanothus glaber Spach. Feuilles ovales ou ovales-oblongues, arrondies
au sommet ou rétrécies en pointe mousse, glabres aux deux faces, dentelées.
Panicules simples ou plus ou moins rameuses, trés-denses, sub-thyrsi-
formes, raccourcies, glabres.—Sous-arbrisseau haut de 243 pieds. Tiges
simples ou rameuses, trés-glabres, rougeatres. Feuilles fermes, d’un
vert gai, longues de2 a 3 pouces, sur 104A 20 lignes de large. Fleurs
blanches. Fruit d’un brun noiratre, de la grosseur d’un grain de Poivre:
coques presque non carénées au dos.—Cette espéce qu’on confond avee la
précédente [C. Americanus] n’est pas rare dans les jardins.—Spach. Hist.
Nat. des Veg,, ii, 459 (1834).
Ceanothus Fontanesianus.—C. ovatus Desf. (. Roseus; vy. Cyaneus. Feuilles
oblongues, ou ovales-oblongues, ou ovales-lancéolées, ou oblongues-lan-
lected from a bed of seedlings which had been raised from C. Americanus,
fertilized by C. azureus. The plant is described as being now abundant
enough for distribution, and as having erect-growing stems and branches;
oval leaves, hoary beneath and toothed at the margin; and long compact
thyrsoid panicles of flowers, which open pale blue, but become deeper
colored as they get older. These flowers are produced from June till Octo-
ber or November; and it is recommended that the plants should be cut
down annually, this treatment causing them to throw up young shoots,
which bear very fine panicles of flowers.”—Gard. Chron., June 20, 1864,
p. 579.
“« Some of the more recent French hybrids are very beautiful and appear
to be all hybrids of Azureus and corymbosus.’—Gard. Chron., June 30,
1877, p. 821.
214 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
céolées (trés-rarement ovales), pointues dentelées, glabres aux deux faces.
Panicules simples ou plus ou moins rameuses, laches, subthyrsiformes,
raccourcies, glabres.—Sous-arbrisseau haut de] A 2 pieds. Tiges rougeatres,
trés-glabres, ordinairement rameuses. Feuilles d’un vert gai, un peu
Inisantes en dessus: celles des rameaux latéraux longues d’environ 2
pouces, sur 6 lignes de large; celles des tiges quelquefois larges d’un pouce.
Fleurs blanches, ou, roses ou blanchatres, plus petites que dans les espéces
précédentes. Fruit semblable 4 celui du Céanot glabre.—Cette espéce,
sans doute indigéne dans les Etats-Unis, se cultive assez souvent dans les
jardins. Les variétés A fleurs roses ou bleuatres, encore peu répandues,
méritent toute Vattention des amateurs, car elles sont d’un fort bel effet.
Elles ont été obtenues par MM. Baumann & Bollwiller, de graines du type
de lVespéce.—Spach. Hist. Nat. des Veget, 11, 460 (1834).
Ceanothus Neumanni. Tausch Dendr. ex.-boh. exs.: foliis ovatis serrul-
atis 3-nerviis sub-pubescentibus, thyrsis axillari-terminalibus subcorym-
bosis, in corymbum densum congestis, capsulis congestis rugosis 3-carina-
tis (majoribus).—In hortis promiscuus cum C. americano L. obvenit, qui
differt thyrsis oblongis in paniculam dispositis, capsulis levibus multo
minoribus non subulato carinatis. In botanicis indefesso et amicissimo
Neumann primam hujus speciei cognitionem debeo.—Flora, xxi, 1838, 738.
Ceanothus collinus. In the nursery of Messrs. Low & Co. this pretty
species is at present blooming. * * * Its ovate deeply furrowed and
serrated leaves are of a very symmetrical character and the flowers, which
appear in terminal thyrses like those of C. azureus. are pure white.—
Paxton Mag. of Bot. vi, 140 (1839).
Ceanothus pallidus ; caule arborescente ramis ramulisque pubescentibus
teretibus, foliis triplinerviis ovalibus serratis supra glabris nitidis subtis
viridibus pubescentibus, floribus thyrsoideo-paniculatis: pedicellis capi-
tato-corymbosis pilosis.—This plant occurs in the gardens under the
name of Ceanothus ovatus and thyrsiflorus, from both which it is certainly
distinct. The first is a mere variety of Ceanothus Americanus, and the
latter is a Californian tree with deep-blue flowers and very strongly angu-
lar branches. It approaches more nearly to the lovely C. azureus, but its
leaves are green, not hoary beneath, and the flowers are smaller as well as
much paler. If it were probable that such a thing would happen, this
might be suspected to be a cross between C. azureus and Americanus.—
It is a beautiful shrub and much hardier than Ceanothus azureus; during
the summer and autumn months it flowers freely, if trained to a wall with
a south aspect.—It strikes readily from cuttings of the half-ripened wood
during autumn, and grows well in any soil, if not too poor or too wet.
The accompanying figure [flowers pale lilac] was taken from a plant in
the garden of the Horticultural Society, which was presented by the
Messrs. Baumanns, of Bollviller, under the name of Ceanothus ovatus.—
Lindley, in Bot. Reg., vol. xxvi, 20, pl. 20 (1840).
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 215
Ceanothus Bertini.—Trés-jolie plante & feuilles relativement étroites, ar-
rondies-obtuses au sommet, A nervures longitudinales trés marquées en
dessous, formant en dessus des petits sillons longitudinaux. Fleurs d’un
beau bleu en épis thyrsoides, ordinairement ramifiés. Belle plante
rustique intermédiaire entre le C. azureus grandiflorus et le C. Arnoldii;
trés-différente pourtant de l'une et de l’autre.—Carr, in Rev. Hort., 1872,
440.
Ceanothus axillaris.—Arbuste trés-vigoureux, ramifié dés sa_ base.
Branches subdressées, a ramifications longuement effilées, relativement
gréles, obliquement étalées, a écorce rougeatre courtement villeuse-pube-
rulente. Feuilles subpersistantes, atteignant 8-9 centimétres de longueur
y compris le pétiole, sur 35 millimétres environ de largeur, longuement
ovales-lancéolées, arrondies-obtuses au sommet, courtement dentées,
glabres, et d’un vert foncé en dessus, blanches en dessous par un abondant
tomentum qui en recouvre toutes les parties; pétiole court, villeux. Fleurs
réunies en glomérules axillaires-sessiles, petites, d’un lilas pale légére-
ment rosé.—Quand, aprés avoir lu ce qui précéde, on examine la figure 14
qui représente le Ceanothus axillaris, et qu’on réfléchit que cette plante sort
du Ceanothus azureus grandiflorus, ’on comprend que nous ayons encore
dérogé aux habitudes suivies en botanique, de faire porter 4 Venfant le qua-
licatif de sa mére, afin d’en démontrer V’origine. Nous aurions d’abord
du ajouter un troisiéme qualicatif pour désigner l’enfant, ce qui aurait
fait Ceanothus azureus grandifiorus axillaris; de plus, il y aurait eu non
sens, un illogisme, ce qui, du reste, arrive presque toujours quand on veut
suivre la filiation généalogique des noms qui, contraire 4 la marche des
choses, est généralement en contradiction avec les faits. En effet, outre
le port ou faciés qui différe de celui du C. azureus grandiflorus, les fleurs,
au lieu d’étre grandes et d’un bleu d’azur foncé comme chez ce dernier,
son petites, d’un lilas pale légérement rosé. La mére et l’enfant se seraient
done ressemblés, si ce n’est qu’ils aurait été complétement différents.—
Carr. in Rev. Hort., 1876, 87.
CEANOTHUs floribundus: piloso-scabridus, foliis breve petiolatis oblongis
coriaceis undulatis acutis margine (et paulo intra marginem) dentato-
glandulosis apiceque acutiusculo reflexis subtus venosis pubescenti-to-
mentosis, corymbis densifloris globosis aggregatis sessilibus. DeEscr.
Apparently a moderately sized shrub; the branches clothed with brown
bark, and slightly hairy; the ultimate or lateral branches short, redder
and more hairy. Leaves crowded, small, patent or reflexed deep green,
glossy hairy above, oblong, coriaceous, waved, the margin and moderately
acute apex reflexed (giving a retuse appearance to the apex), the former
at the very edge, and within the edge on the edge on the upper side,
studded with tooth-like glands; the under side is pale, prominently veined
and reticulated, downy. Petioles short, thick, hairy, with a pair of ovate
tapering stipules at the base, more than half theirlength. Flowers of the
216 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
richest mazarine blue, arranged indeed in corymbs, but so crowded and so
spreading as to form dense balls or capitula, sessile, and these crowded
about the extremities of the short branches, so copious as to conceal a
great part of the foliage. Pedicels reddish, hairy, and having small scale-
like, reddish deciduous bracts at the base. * * * California, Lobb.—
Hook. in Curtis Bot. Mag. lxxx, No. 4806, Sept. 1 (1854).
Eybrid otic. thyrstforus and C’. dentatus.
Cranotuus Lobbianus; ramis patentibus teretibus, foliis elliptico-oblongis
tricostatis rigidis hirsutulis marginibus recuryis grosse glanduloso-den-
tatis, stipulis lato-subulatis petioli longitudine, pedunculis subterminali-
bus nudis vel unifoliatis, racemis capitatis subrotundo ovatis, floribus
densis.—Descr. A moderately-sized, erect shrub, with numerous patent
terete rather twiggy branches, the young ones green and downy. Leaves
patent, alternate, rarely exceeding an inch in length, generally bearing
young leaf-shoots in the axils, on short petioles, elliptical oblong, obtuse,
rigid, subcoriaceous, slightly hairy, three-ribbed, dark green above, be-
neath paler and downy; the margin always recurved (in cultivated as well
as native specimens), and bearing numerous conspicuous spreading teeth,
tipped with a gland: ribs and veins sunk above, prominent beneath.
There are two broad, subulate, scale-like stipules, one on each side the base
of the petiole, equal in length with it. Pedunecles solitary, rather longer
than the leaves, subterminal, situated in the axils of the upper leaves,
terminated by a capitate raceme of dark blue, compact flowers. Pediciis
hairy. [Description of flowers omitted].—Hook. in Curtis Bot. Mag., Oct.
1, 1854, tab. 4811—but description numbered 4810.
Hybrid of C. ¢hyrs¢florus and C. dentatus.
Il. Hybrids tn § Cerastes.
The two following are hybrids of C. cuneatus and C.
prostratus:
Ceanothus connivens. A low shrub with elongated, nearly simple, weak
and flexible trailing branches 3 feet long or more, forming a depressed
tuft: leaves opposite, coriaceous, cuneate-obovate to oblanceolate, an inch
long or less, entire except at the truncate or retuse and mostly 3-toothed
apex, glabrous and rugulose above, white-tomentulose between the veins
and veinlets beneath: fruit in umbelliform clusters at the ends of short
terminal branchlets, small, the conspicuous horns closely appressed to
the surface of the exocarp, connivent and overlapping at the end of it.—
Calaveras County, Calif., in dry oak woods near the Half-Way House, be-
tween Murphy’s and the Big Trees, 19 June, 1889. As a new member of the
Cerastes section, exceedingly well marked in its fruit character, it has a
flexibility of stem found in no other nothern relative; although C. verru-
°
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 217
cosus of the table lands of southern California and of the peninsula is
like it in this respect. But C. connivens is nearly prostrate through mere
lack of firmness or hardness in wood fibre. It, however, evinces none of
the rooting and matted character of the not yet well-described but most
distinct C’. prostratus.—Along the bleak summits of the Siskiyou Mount-
ains of southern Oregon I observed in September a Ceanothus much like
this in leaf character; the stems depressed but not prostrate, less flexible
and stouter. In the absence of fruit, one could not say whether it could
be referred to this or whether it would be a stunted growth of C’. cuneatus
with truncate and notched leaves. The zeal and diligence of Mr. Howell,
who has easier access to the region indicated, it is to be hoped may settle
the question by collecting it in fruit some day.—E. L. Greene in Pitt., 11,
16 (Noy., 1889).
Ceanothus pumilus. A rigid depressed much branched evergreen under-
shrub, the branches often rooting at the joints and from a few inches to
a foot or more in length: leaves opposite, very small (3 to 5 lines long),
rigidly coriaceous, glabrous above, very minutely white-tomentose between
the veins beneath; entire except at the usually 3-toothed apex, the general
outline from oblanceolate to obovate-oblong: flowers in numerous sessile
umbels, rather pale blue: fruit unknown.—On hillsides near Waldo, Oregon,
April 1892, Thomas Howell.—E. L. Greene in Erythea i, 149 (July, 1893).
Ill. Mybrids of Euceanothus with Cerastes.
These are very rare. Only two have been observed and
neither has been found a second time. Neither of them
appear to set fruit. The first is almost certainly a hybrid
of C. thyrstforus and C. rigzdus. The second is without
doubt a cross between C. velutinus and C. prostratus.
Only one plant has been seen and the discoverer reports
that it flowers very sparingly and does not fruit at all.
Examination of the flowers shows that the pistils are dis-
torted. Prof. Greene considered C. cuneatus to be one
of the parents, which is practically impossible, as that
species does not occur within thirty miles of the locality.
Cranotuus Veitchianus; ramis foliis superne petiolis, pedicellisque
glaberrimis, ramulis ultimis rachique inflorescentiae tomentosis, foliis
obovato-cuneatis apice rotundatis junioribus acute adultis obtuse glandu-
loso serratis superne lucidis (sicco opacis), venis subtus validis, areolis
fimbriatis, floribus ad apices ramulorum omnium dense corymbosis y. in
capitula oblonga globosa densissime confertis.—Descr. A ramous shrub,
with terete, glabrous, green, straight branches and bright green, small,
glossy leaves of very uniform size. Leaves shortly petioled, obovate-
218 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
cuneate, rounded at the apex, margin rather distantly toothed, each tooth
terminated by a deciduous gland. Heads of flowers one to three inches
long, forming when in bud broadly ovoid cones at the ends of the branch-
lets, covered with imbricating, silky scales. Rachis stout, villous. Pe-
duncles slender. Calga-lobes erect or incurved, triangular. Petals with
rather long claws, and very broadly obovate, deeply cucullate lamin, of
a bright deep blue color, as are the pedicels, calyx and stamens. Ovary
depressed, three-lobed, lobes tumid at the apex. California, William
Lobb.—Hook. in Bot. Mag. vol. Ixxxv, t. 5124, June 1 (1859).
C. rugosus. Stems stout but pliable, prostrate, glabrous in age, the
growing parts canescently puberulent: leaves coriaceous, 3-14 in. long
including the short petiole, oboyate- or elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends,
closely and saliently spinulose-serrate, 3-nerved, finely rugose on both
faces, tomentulose beneath: fl. pale blue or white, in a short nearly simple
raceme, the peduncle equaling the leaf.—-Top of a high hill near Truckee,
June, 1890. Sonne. Doubtless a hybrid of which C. cuneatus is one of the
parents. Mr. Sonne suggests that C. velutinus may be the other. The
young leaves are subtended by triangular-subulate stipules a line long.—
E. L. Greene in Flora Franciscana, 88 (1891).
SPECIES WHICH HAVE BEEN NAMED UNDER CEANOTHUS,
BUT DO NOT BELONG TO THE GENUS AS AT PRESENT
LIMITED. *
Ceanothus africanus L.. sp. pl. 196=LVoltea africana.
Ceanothus Alamani DC. Prod. 11, 31=Colubrina Ala-
mant.
Ceanothus arborescens Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. viii, No.
3—=Colubrina ferruginosa ?
Ceanothus asiaticus L. sp. pl. 196=Colubrina asiatica.
Ceanothus atropurpureus |? |] Rat.t
* Citations and identifications in most instances taken from the Kew
Index.
tCeanothus? atropurpureus Raf. Shrubby, quite smooth, branches terete
spreading rigid dark purple, leaves subsessile oblong entire, lower acute,
upper obtuse, not trinervate, tip of petiole and base of main nerve often
bearded—I refer protem to this genus, a doubtful shrub of Florida,
found without flowers in Collins Herb, owing to the similarities of habit
with the last [C. virgatus] and next [C. sanguineus] sp. but it may turn
out to be something very different perhaps an Ilex? or Bumelia? Leaves
just like the last in size, but entire or slightly erose, and petioles exceed-
ingly short.—Raf. New Flora. iii, 56, 1836.
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 219
Ceanothus capensis DC. Prod. ii, 30=Scutia Commer-
sonit.
Ceanothus capsularts Forst. Prod. 18=Colubrina asi-
atica.
Ceanothus celtidifolius Ch. & Sch. Linnea, v, 602=
Colubrina celtidifolia.
Ceanothus chloroxylon [?]|* Nees.
Ceanothus circumscissus Gaertn. Fruct. ii, 110, t. 106
— Scutia Commersonit.
Ceanothus colubrinus Lam. Tabl. Encye. ii, go=Cola-
brina ferruginosa.
Ceanothus cubensist Lam. is Colubrina according to
Brongniart in Ann. Sc. Nat. x, 369 (1827).
Ceanothus discolor Vent. Jard. Malm. 58= Pomaderris
‘elliptica.
Ceanothus elongatus Salisb. Prod. 140=Voltea afri-
cana.
Ceanothus ferreus DC. Prod. ii, 30=Scutia ferrea.
Ceanothus ferrugineus Wendl. ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2,
i, 313—Pomaderris lanigera.
Ceanothus globulosus Labill. Nov. Holl. Pl. i, 61 t. 85
—Spyridium globulosum.
Ceanothus granulosust Ruiz & Pavon. FI. Peruv. iii,
Ceatab. CCxeavilt,
Ceanothus Guadalupe Steud. Nom., ed. 2, 1. 313=
Ceanothus levigatus DC., Prod. 11, 30.
Ceanothus guineensis DC. Prod. ii, 30—=Chazlletra tox-
7caria.
* Ceanothus (Euceanothus DeC,) chloroxylon: foliis ovato-subrotundis ob-
tusis integerrimus glabris trinervibus, floribus terminalibus subcorymbo-
sis.—Patria Jamaica. Vidi in Herb. Kunth. exempl. ex Herb. Mus. Paris.
—Nees. Syst. Laur. p. 660.
t Ceanothus Cubensis.—C. foliis ovalibus obtusis integerrimus rugosis
utrinque tomentosis, cymis axillaribus. Ex. ins. Cube, 2. Rhamnus Cu-
bensis, Lin. Jacq. hort. 3, t. 49, Dict. n. 14.—Lam. Tabl. ii, 90.
t This species and C. pubescens, figured on the same plate, appear to be
hardly distinguishable and are plainly Colubrinas.
220 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Ceanothus Hartwegit Hook. ex Heynh. Nom. ii, 128.
Name only.
Ceanothus infestus HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii, 61=
A dolphia infesta.
Ceanothus levigatus DC. Prod. ii, 30.
Ceanothus lancifolius Mcench. Meth. 651—JVoltea af-
ricana.
Ceanothus laniger Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 569—Pomaderris
lanigera.
Ceanothus Leschenaultii DC. Prod. ii, 31.
Ceanothus macrocarpus Cav. Ic. iii, 38, t. 276 is Colu-
brina.
Ceanothus Millert Tausch.* This species was found-
ed on Miller’s figure which is usually included in the
synonymy of C. Americanus. Neither the figure itself
nor Miller’s descriptiont applies to any species of Ceano-
thus. The plate represents a stout stem with leaves some-
what resembling C. Amerizcanus alternate on the main
stem but opposite on the branches, each branch termi-
*Ceanothus Milleri (Tau. Dendy. Ex. Boh. F. v.), foliis ovatis trinerviis
serratis subtus pubescentibus, thyrsis axillari-terminalibus oblongis densis
in corymbum patulum dispositis, pedunculis pedicellisque fructiferis
flexuoso-divaricatis, capsulis rugosis subcarinatis.—C. americanus Mill.
ic. t. 86. Duham. ed. noy. 6. t. 31.—Hucusque in hortis cum C. ameri-
cano L. permutatus fuit, qui definiendus: C. americanus: foliis ovatis
aut subcordatis 3-nerviis serratis subtus pubescentibus, thyrsis axillari-
terminalibus ,compositis longe pedunculatis et in paniculam dispositis,
capsulis laevibus. Celastrus inermis fol. ovat. serrat. 3-nerv. racemis ex
summis ramis longissimis. Linn. h. Cliff. 738. Commel. hort. 1, p. 167. t.
86. Pluk. alm. t. 28.f.6. C. americanus L. spec. 287. (excl. syn. Mill.
et Duh.) Schmidt Oest. Baumz. t. 132.—Flora, xxi, 1838, 1, Beibl. 79.
tThe Flower hath aturbinated Empalement of One Leaf, which is cut at
the Top into Five acute Segments, and is permanent. The Flower is com-
posed of Five roundish Petals, which are equal, and do not extend beyond
the Empalement as is represented at a. In the Center of the Flower is
situated the three-cornered Germen, on which is placed a cylindrical Style
having a blunt Stigma; these are attended by Five Stamina placed opposite
to the Petals, crowned with roundish Summits. When the Flower is past,
STUDIES IN CEANOTHUS. 2
i)
Lon]
nated by two large opposite leaves and 3-5 dense heads,
on peduncles somewhat exceeding them. The petals are
figured and described as broad and plane. The fruit is
represented as splitting from above downwards to the
base, into three parts.
Ceanothus Mocintanus* DC.
Ceanothus pauciflorust DC.
The first of these two species is represented by pl. 176,
showing a stout branch with spreading, somewhat re-
curved branchlets; leaves alternate, elliptic, entire, 1-
nerved, %-34 inch long on petioles 4% their length:
flowers in axillary clusters shorter than the leaves, their
structure undistinguishable: fruit drooping, solitary, or
two in an axil, on short branching peduncles, very large
(half an inch broad, and considerably longer). For the
second species, pl. 175, shows a stout branch with much
swollen joints and warty branches; leaves a little smaller
than in the first, oblanceolate or spatulate, tapering to the
base, apparently opposite and succulent, with obscure
midvein and entire margin. The structure of the flowers
cannot be satisfactorily made out and no fruit is shown.
Both species are represented as entirely glabrous.
Ceanothus mystacinus DC. 11, 31=flelinus scandens.
Ceanothus napalensts Wall. in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Ca-
rey 11, 375—Ahamnus napalensts.
the Germen becomes a three-cornered dry Capsule, represented at b, being
divided into Three Cells each having a single Seed, represented ¢ and d; at
eis Shewn a Cluster of the dry Seed-vessels, as they naturally grow.
“Ceanothus Mocinianus. Foliis ovalibus integris l-nervilis subtus ramul-
isque pubescentibus, pedunculis lateralibus dichotomis paucifloris. ». in
Mexico. C. macrocarpus fl. mex. ined. [No. 176] non Cav. Calycis basis
post anthesin ampliata patens.—DC. Prodr. ii, 32 (1825).
tCeanothus pauciflorus (fl. mex. ic. ined. [No. 175]) foliis obovato-ob-
longis obtusis glabris integris subdentatisve, racemis lateralibus brevibus
paucifiloris. ».in Mexico.—DC. Prodyr. ii, 33 (1825).
i)
No
bo
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Ceanothus ovalifolius. Wender in Schr. Naturf. Ges.
Marb. ii, 247.
Ceanothus paniculatus Roth. Noy. Pl. Sp. 154—Celas-
trus paniculatus.
Ceanothus pubescens. Ruiz & Pavon*
Ceanothus pubtflorus DC. Prod. il, 30= Zizyphus pubs-
florus.
Ceanothus reclinatus L’ Herit. Sert. Angl. 6=Colubrina
Ceanothus Sarcomphalus DC. Prod. ii, 30= Sarcompha-
lus halinus.
Ceanothus scandens D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 1, 812 = WVoltea
africana.
Ceanothus spathulatus Labill. Nov. Holl. Pl. i, 60, t. 84
=Trymalium Billardiert.
Ceanothus spherocarpus DC. Prod. i, 30 = ARhamnus
spherospermus.
Ceanothus triforus Steud. Nom. ed. 2, i, 313 -= Colu-
brina triflora.
Ceanothus triqueter Wall. in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey
il, 376 = Pehamnus triqueter.
Ceanothus Wendlandianus Reem. & Schultes, Syst. v,
299 = Pomaderrts ferruginea.
Ceanothus Wighteanus Wall. Cat. n. 4264—=/hamnus
Wightir.
Ceanothus zeylanicus Heyne, in Roth. Nov. Pl. Sp.
153 — Scutia Commersoniz.
Notre.—Since the first part of this paper was printed
Ceanothus integerrimus in a blue-flowered, narrow-leaved
form has been sent to me by Dr. Franceschi who col-
lected it on the high mountains northeast of Santa Bar-
bara; and Mr. Brandegee has found C. Andersonz on
Cuyamaca Peak east of San Diego. The species 1s
theretore not so rare in southern California as had been
supposed.
* See note under (. granulosus.
i
OBSERVATIONS UPON THE HETEROPTEROUS HEM-
IPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA, WITH DE-
SCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
IB Ye Sen tee Ele ER
A collection of Hemiptera from Lower California has
been placed at my disposal for study by Dr. H. W. Hark-
ness, President California Academy of Sciences, where
the types now are. Through the zealous interest of Dr.
Gustav Eisen, who made the largest part of this collection,
under the auspices of the California Academy of Sciences,
our knowledge of the fauna of Lower California has
been greatly extended and increased. Hitherto, the col-
lections made by Mr. John Xanthus de Vesey, Baron
von Osten Sacken and Henry Edwards, have been almost
the only sources of reference for information relative to
the Hemiptera of that country. The assemblage of
forms now known from the region near Cape St. Lucas
numbers somewhat over one hundred species. Doubt-
less many more species will yet be secured when sufficient
time can be devoted to close collecting. From the entire
peninsula, including a few of the islands along the coast,
as well as some of those in the Gulf of California, about
three ,hundred ‘species have thus far been collected.
Taken as a whole, the assemblage of species is Mexican,
and it forms a part of that which extends into Arizona,
to which the name Sonoran has been applied. A very
small percentage, embracing such forms as Pachycoris
torridus Scop., Pachylis gigas Burm., and SPphictyrtus
bugabensis Dist., which form no necessary part of the
Sonoran, but which belong to an overflow of the tropical,
has been made possible by the long stretch of coast, the
sufficiently prolonged high temperature, and the not dis-
tant lands from which tropical forms could be readily
transported. Accordingly, the writer does not regard
2D SeR., VoL. IV. June 20, 1894.
224 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
these forms from the region of Cape St. Lucas as au-
tocthonous, but as incidental, and not well settled. Forms
affecting cacti and plants of the dry wastes hold their
position to a remarkable degree; but they are so few in
number as to form only a small exception to the truly in-
digenous fauna.
The list given below embraces all the species which
have been examined by the writer from any part of the
great peninsula of Lower California, excepting only such
new forms as were too mutilated to be referred to their
genera. About thirty species, known to me only by
fragments, still remain to be recorded, among which are
some interesting Capstd@e, collected by Dr. Edward
Palmer, on the islands along the coast.
An enumeration of the well recognized species shows
that the peninsula is inhabited by 5 Pachycoride; 6
Corimelenide; 7 Cydnide; 39 Pentatomide; 42 Cor-
eid; 2 Berytide; 41 Lygeide; 7 Uarcide; 50 Cap.
side; 3 Anthocoride; 6 Tingide; 4 Aradide; 2 Phy-
matide; 20 Reduviide; 1 Limnobatide; 4 Hydrobatide ;
6 Veliide; 3 Saldide; 3 Galgulide; 3 Naucoride; 6
Belostomatide; 2 Nepidz; 6 Notonectide, and 5 Cor-
iside.
PACHYCORIDZZ.
TETYRA BIPUNCTATA H.Schf. One specimen wastaken
near Cape St. Lucas by John Xanthus de Vesey.
PACHYCORIS TORRIDUS Scop. Numerous specimens
were collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xanthus, and
others were taken by Dr. Gustav Eisen, at San José del
Cabo, and other localities.
SPHYROCORIS OBLIQUUS Germ. One specimen is in the
collection from San José del Cabo, and I have examined
others from the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas. It is a com-
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 2
No
UL
mon species in Mexico, the West Indies, Texas and
Florida.
HomMaMus PROTEUS Stal. A few specimens of this
common Mexican insect were obtained near Cape St.
Lucas by Mr. Xanthus.
ZOPHOESSA POROSA Germar. A single specimen was
secured in the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xanthus.
CORIMELAENIDZ.
CoRIMELZNA ATRA Amyot. Specimens have been
collected at several localities on the peninsula by various
persons.
CORIMELENA PULICARIA Germ. Specimens were se-
cured near Cape St. Lucas and at San José del Cabo.
It occurs from British America to Central America.
CORIMELENA C4ZRULESCENS Stal. This species appears
to be less abundant on the peninsula than the smaller ones,
as specimens usually occur singly, or only in pairs, at the
localities from which they have been taken. From San
José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen, and from Cape St.
Lucas by John Xanthus.
CORIMELZNA LATERALIS Fab. This species spreads on
the Pacific coast from British Columbia to Cape St. Lucas.
CORIMEL42NA EXTENSA Uhler. This species appears
to be quite common throughout a long stretch of country
extending from Vancouver Islands to Cape St. Lucas,
and farther south in Mexico, on the coast of the Pacific
Ocean.
CORIMELENA OBTUSA DN. sp.
Obtusely oval, bronze-black, remotely but coarsely
punctate above, strongly ciliated on the borders of the
pronotum and abdomen; the scutellum much _ shorter
2p SER., VoL. IV. (15 ) June 20, 1894,
226 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
than the abdomen; the propectus smooth, minutely and
sparsely obsolete-punctate, with the postpectus and venter
rastrate-punctate. Head tinged with cupreous purple,
scabrous and coarsely punctate, except upon the convex
base; antennz with the two basal joints fulvo-testaceous,
the others piceous; apex of the tylus fulvo-piceous ; rostrum
piceous, fulvo-testaceous upon the second joint; eyes mar-
gined interiorly with pale yellow. Pronotum transversely
depressed before the humeral prominences, and exca-
vated behind them; the surface smooth coarsely punc-
tate, but densely and roughly punctate each side, the
humeral region and posterior border almost impunctate.
Scutellum bluntly rounded, smooth tinged with copper-
reflections, remotely and finely punctate, indented each
side near the base. Cortum broad and blunt, ivory yel-
low, with a blackish oblong small spot before the end,
placed inwardly, the surface very remotely punctate in
patches, and the apex oblique, but a little curved. Legs
blackish-piceous. Venter blackish, more rufo-piceous
posteriorly, with the lateral margins interruptedly yellow,
and the genital segments a little margined with yellow.
Length to end of venter, 3 mm. Width of base of pro-
notum, 2mm. Two specimens of this interesting species
were collected at San Jorge, in March, by Mr. Charles
D. Haines.
CYDNIDZ.
CyRTOMENUS MIRABILIS Perty. Thisisa common species
near Cape St. Lucas, and it is widely distributed from
the region as far south as Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, north-
ward through Central America and Mexico to southern
Texas, and from thence through the Gulf States to
Florida. —
AMNESTus pusILLUS Uhler. Specimens were obtained
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 227
from the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xanthus.
This small insect lurks beneath rubbish in sandy places,
where it matches the color of the ground and is thus
easily overlooked.
TRICHOCORIS CONFoRMIS Uhler. One specimen was
secured near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xanthus, and Henry
Edwards had other specimens which were collected far-
ther north on the peninsula. A single specimen was ob-
tained at Comondu, in March, by Mr. Charles D. Haines.
MicRoporus TESTUDINATUS Uhler. One specimen was
taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xanthus, and another
was in the collection of Henry Edwards, which came
from the more northern part of the peninsula of Califor-
nia.
MELANZTHUS ELONGATUS Uhler. One specimen was
obtained at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen.
HoMALoporus coneruus Uhler. A single specimen
from the northern part of the peninsula was given to me
by Henry Edwards.
PANGUS BILINEATUS Say. A féw specimens were
secured by Dr. Gustav Eisen at San José del Cabo, and
others were taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. Xanthus.
PENTATOMIDZ.
STIRETRUS ANCHORAGO Fab. var. Specimens appear to
be uncommon on this peninsula. But I have examined
one obtained from. near Cape St. Lucas, and another
from some point farther north on the peninsula.
OpLomus picHrous H. Schf. var. A beautiful male of
this species was taken near Cape St. Lucas by John
Xanthus.
OpLomus ruTiLus Dallas, var. A single specimen of
228 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
this insect, from near Cape St. Lucas, was in the collec-
tion of Mr. Henry Edwards.
PERILLUS CLAUDUS Say. I have examined specimens
of this common insect which were collected in the north-
ern part of the peninsula of California.
PERILLUS SPLENDIDUS Uhler. Two specimens of this
insect were taken on the peninsula by John Xanthus.
PERILLUS VIRGATUS Stal. A specimen was in the col-
lection from San José del Cabo, and others were collected
near Cape St. Lucas, by Mr. John Xanthus.
Popisus SAGITTA Fab. A few specimens were col-
lected near Cape St. Lucas, by Mr. John Xanthus.
Popisus PALLENS Stal. A single specimen was se-
cured on the southern part of the peninsula, by Mr. John
Xanthus.
Popisus ACUTISSIMUs Stal. One specimen was captured
near Cape St. Lucas, by Mr. John Xanthus.
EUTHYRHYNCHUS FLORIDANUS Linn. One adult and
several larve were collected near Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus.
PRIONOSOMA PopoPIOIDES Uhler. Two specimens were
taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. It is
common in Southern California and Arizona.
BROCHYMENA oBscuURA H. Schf. Obtained at Cape
St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. It seems to be common
in most parts of temperate Mexico, and to extend north
in California and Oregon. Specimens were taken at
Comondu, in March, by Mr. Charles D. Haines.
NEOTTIGLOSSA SULCIFRONS Stal. One specimen was
secured by Mr. John Xanthus near Cape St. Lucas.
CoOSMOPEPLA DECORATA Hahn. Numerous specimens
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 229
were collected at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen.
Itis a common Mexican form, which is found also near
Cape St. Lucas and on the northern part of the peninsula.
COSMOPEPLA CONSPICILLARIS Dallas. This form occurs
in the northern part of the peninsula, but no specimens
were secured at Cape St. Lucas. It seems to be more
common in Oregon and Washington.
CEBALUS PUGNAX Fab. A few specimens were brought
from near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
MOoRMIDEA PICTIVENTRIS Stal. var. The variety with
small white dots is quite common at Cape St. Lucas, from
which‘place Mr. Xanthus brought numerous specimens.
EUSCHISTUS TRISTIGMUS Say. A form of this species
is distributed over various parts of the peninsula of Cali-
fornia, even as far south as Cape St. Lucas.
EUSCHISTUS IMPICTIVENTRIS Stal. This species is also
to be found as far south as to near Cape St. Lucas.
EUSCHISTUS CRENATOR Fab. This species has become
settled over a wide extent of territory, but it does not seem
to have yet become very common in Lower California. It
is common in Brazil, Central America, the West Indies
and Mexico, and southern Arizona seems to be its most
northern limit in the United States.
PROXYS PUNCTULATUS Pal. Beauv. This species was
collected at San José del Cabo, and Mr. John Xanthus
secured a few specimens near Cape St. Lucas. It ap-
pears to be more common in the warm parts of Mexico
and it is not rare in southern Florida and the Antilles.
HYMENARCYS 4 QUALIS Say. Specimens were in the
collection of Mr. Henry Edwards, which were taken on
some part of the peninsula not indicated. It has not been
reported from Cape St. Lucas, and although found in
230 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Mexico, it belongs rather to the highlands and more tem-
perate parts of the country.
LIoDERMA LIGATA Say. This species extends from
Washington and Utah, all the way down the Pacific terri-
tory to Cape St. Lucas. It is common in Arizona and
southern California, from many parts of which I have
examined specimens, as also from Mexico, as far south
as into Sonora.
LIoDERMA VIRIDICATA Uhler. I have examined speci-
mens from the collection of Mr. Henry Edwards, which
were collected in Lower California.
LioDERMA SayI Stal. A few specimens were collected
near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. Specimens
were found by Mr. C. D. Haines at Comondu, Cala-
majuet, and on Margarita Island.
PERIBALUS LIMBOLARIUS Stal. One specimen was
captured in the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus. It has been brought from other parts of the
peninsula by several collectors.
HoLcosTETHUS ABREVIATUS Uhler. A single speci-
men from the peninsula was obtained from Mr. Henry
Edwards.
THYANTA PERDITOR Fab. This species lives on low
weeds in barren grounds, and so we may expect to find
it in most parts of Lower California. It is already known
from Cape St. Lucas and from the northern part of
the peninsula. It is common in Mexico, Arizona, Colo-
rado, the Gulf States, Central America and the Antilles.
In Hayti it lives on bushes and low weeds along the roads.
THYANTA CUSTATOR Fab. This is the commonest and
most variable species of the genus. It varies in size, as
wellasincolor. By its adaptability to varieties of climate,
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 231
it has been able to hold its own in the province of Quebec,
as readily as on the torrid sands of the region of Cape
St. Lucas. It is almost everywhere to be found on the
American continent where weeds can grow and low
plants can secure a hold in the soil.
THYANTA RUGULOSA Say. Several specimens of this
small form were secured at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus. It seems to be local, as it has not been reported
from many localities in California which are similar to
others from which it has been taken.
THYANTA CAsTA Stal. This species is common in Mex-
ico, California, Arizona and New Mexico. It was taken
at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen, and likewise
from the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xan-
thus.
THYANTA PALLIDO-VIRENS Stal. This is a Mexican
insect, which was collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus.
CHLOROCORIS DEPRESSUS Fab. One specimen was se-
cured at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen.
CHLOROCORIS RUFISPINUS Stal. A few specimens were
collected near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
MURGANTIA HISTRIONICA Hahn. This extremely com-
mon insect has spread into vegetable gardens, and may be
expected to occur on most parts of the peninsula where
man has settled. I have examined specimens from Cape
St. Lucas, San José del Cabo, the island of Santa Cruz,
of Guadaloupe, etc., and from many parts of Central
America, Mexico, California, and from the western and
southern States generally.
NEZARA VIRIDULA Linn. This ubiquitous species
occurs likewise at Cape St. Lucas, San José del Cabo,
and on the islands of Santa Cruz and Guadaloupe.
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
N
ioe)
to
NeEZARA stTicTIcA Dallas. Two specimens of this fine
insect were collected at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav
Eisen, and others were found at Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus.
NEZARA MARGINATA Pal. Beauv. This Mexican species
occurs at Cape St. Lucas, San José del Cabo, etc.
BANASA CALVA Say. Specimens of this species were
collected near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
B. VARIANS Stal. One specimen was secured at Cape
St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
ARVELIUS ALBOPUNCTATUS De Geer. Numerous speci-
mens of various sizes were collected by Mr. John Xan-
thus, at Cape St. Lucas. Two specimens of large size,
from Mexico, are in the collection sent to me by Dr.
Gustav Eisen.
EDESSA BIFIDA Say. A few specimens of the normal
type of this insect were collected near Cape St. Lucas
by Mr. John Xanthus.
COREIDZ.
SPARTOCERA FuscA Thunb. One specimen and some
larvee were found at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xan-
thus.
CHARIESTERUS ANTENNATOR Fab. This is a species
widely distributed in Mexico, of which a few specimens
were taken at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
CoryYNOCORIS DISTINCTUS Dallas. This is also a species
not uncommon in Mexico, which. occurs at Cape St.
Lucas, and on other parts of the peninsula.
PacuyYLis GIGAS Burm. This is a Mexican and Central
American species, which was captured in large numbers
by Dr. Gustav Eisen, at San José del Cabo and other
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 233
places, and which was found equally abundant near Cape
St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. It is said to live on
various species of the cactus family.
MozENA AFFINIS Dallas. Specimens were taken at
San José del Cabo by Dr. G. Eisen, and at Caperst:
Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
MozeENA LUNATA Burm. One specimen was found at
Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
ARCHIMERUS CALCARATOR Fab. Specimens were taken
near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. This is a
widely distributed species which belongs more particularly
to the temperate parts of North America. In the middle
parts of the United States it occurs in most places where
weeds and bushes grow thickly along the borders of
woods.
SAGOTYLUS CONFLUENTUS Say. This is a Mexican in-
sect, which occurs sparingly in Arizona and California.
Mr. Henry Edwards sent to me a specimen which was
obtained on some part of the peninsula not reported in
his memoranda.
Merrapopius GRANuLosus Dallas. This large and con-
spicuous form is widely distributed, being found in Cen-
tral America and extending north from Honduras to
northern Arizona. Specimens were taken near Cape St
Lucas by Mr. Xanthus, and in the collection belonging
to the California Academy of Sciences there are three
specimens labelled ‘‘ Texas.’’
LeproGLossus zonatus Dallas. Specimens of this
species were taken at San José del Cabo, at Comondu,
in March, and at Patrocinio, in April aby.) ME. (C.-De
Haines and by Dr. Gustay Eisen.
LEPTOGLOssuS corcuLUS Say. A single specimen of
234 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
this insect was collected near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus. Ithas also been taken in nearly all the southern
and southwestern States, as well as in Mexico.
LEPTOGLOSSUS STIGMA Herbst. A few individuals have
been brought from the southern part of the peninsula by
different collectors. It does not appear to be very com-
mon in any one locality, although several specimens have
been brought to my notice from Cuba.
NARNIA FEMORATA Stal. Several specimens were
taken at Comondu, in March, by Mr. Charles D. Haines.
Others were secured at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus, and at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen.
NARNIA PALLIDICORNIS Stal. A few specimens were
found at Comondu and San Julio, in March and April,
by Mi. Charles Di. Haines.
CHELINIDEA VITTIGERA Uhler. ‘Two specimens were
obtained in the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus.
Mareus 1nconspicuus H. Schf. This Mexican species
was found at various points on the Peninsula of Calitor-
nia, including San José del Cabo and Cape St. Lucas.
CATORHINTHA GUTTULA Fab. ‘Taken at San José del
Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen, and at Cape St. Lucas by
Mr. John Xanthus.
ANASA TRISTIS De Geer. No doubt found at all the
settlements on the peninsula. It is common at San José
del Cabo and Cape St. Lucas. Specimens from South-
ern and Lower California are often of a paler color and
much larger size than we have seenfrom any of the other
regions where they are abundant.
ANASA UHLERI Stal. A single specimen of this species
was taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 235
ANASA ANDRESI Guer. A few specimens of this com-
mon Mexican and Cuban species were taken near Cape
St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
ANASA scoRBUTICA Fab. Only one specimen of this
Mexican and West Indian species collected on the pen-
insula has come to my notice, and it was found near Cape
St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
FICANA APICALIS Dallas. Specimens of the nearly
black variety, with the pale ring at the apex of the fourth
ea of the antennz, were taken at San José del Cabo by
. Gustav Eisen.
HypsELONoTUs FuLVUS DeGeer. One specimen and
a larva was collected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus. It isa common species in Mexico and Central
America.
SPHICTYRTUS BUGABENSIS Dist. Specimens of. this
splendid species were collected at Cape St. Lucas, by
Mr. John Xanthus, and I have examined others from
Panama and Central America. I find the length of the
rostrum to be quite inconstant in the specimens. In some
it reaches to between the middle coxe, while in others it
extends upon the second ventral segment. The extent of
red upon the head, pronotum and scutellum is also very
variable. It appears to me to be only a variety of S.
sumtuosus Stal. The black color of the tergum of abdo-
men is an evanescent element, depending upon the ma-
turity of the specimen. The 5S. longirostris Dist., has a
much longer rostrum, but it possesses no other permanent
character to separate it from the 5S. bugabensis. More
specimens are needed in order to settle the true identity
of these so-called species.
BURTINUS FEMORALIS Dist. Specimens were collected
236 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. <A specimen
is in one of the bottles labelled San José del Cabo. This
insect agrees so nearly with darker colored specimens of
Burtinus notatipennis Stal, from Mexico, that I take it to
be the same species.
TIVARBUS DIVERSIPES Hope. One specimen is in the
collection made by Dr. Gustav Eisen, at San José del
Cabo. Others were secured at Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus. It is a common Mexican species.
To.Luius curTuLus Stal. This is a common insect in
parts of southern California. A specimen was found
near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
LeEpTrocorIsa FILIFORMIS Fab. This widely distributed
species seems to be common near Cape St. Lucas, where
it was taken by Mr. John Xanthus.
DASYCORIS NIGRICORNIS Stal. Specimens were cap-
tured near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
CERALEPTUS AMERICANUS Stal. Specimens were taken
at San Jose del Cabo, by Dr. Gustav Eisen, and others
were found by Mr. John Xanthus near Cape St. Lucas.
ScOLOPOCERUS SECUNDARIUS Uhler. One specimen
from Lower California was sent to me by Mr. Henry
Edwards.
HARMOSTES REFLEXULUS Say. Specimens of this
species have been collected on various parts of the penin-
sula. Mr. John Xanthus sent forward a considerable
number from the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas.
HARMOSTES SERRATUS Fab. This species has not been
found in numbers in any part of California. I have ex-
amined a single specimen from Cape St. Lucas.
CorRIZUS HYALINUS Fab. This European insect swarms
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 237;
in many parts of California, Arizona, New Mexico and
Colorado. I have seen many specimens from various
parts of Lower California. It was taken on’ Margarita
Island and at San Julio by Mr. C. D. Haines.
Corizus sipa@ Fab. <A few specimens were collected
near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. Others were
secured at Patrocinio, Comondu and Calmalli mines by
Mr. C. D. Haines.
CoRIZUS LATERALIS Say. Common in various parts of
California. Specimens were taken at Cape St. Lucas by
Mr. John Xanthus; and at San Julio, in April, by Mr.
C. D.: Haines.
CORIZUS NIGRISTERNUM Signoret. Common in south
ern California and Arizona. Specimens from Lower Cali-
fornia were sent to me by Mr. Henry Edwards.
Corizus vatipus Uhler. One specimen was taken at
San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen.
CORIZUS PUNCTIVENTRIS Dallas. A few specimens of
this species were collected near Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus.
Corizus new sp.? A specimen too poor to describe is
in the collection from San José del Cabo. It seems to
be closely related to C. punctiventris Dallas.
Leprocoris TRIvITTATus Say. This species inhabits
most parts of lowland California, and is common in Ari-
zona, New Mexico and on the plains of Colorado, as far
north as Denver. Mr. John Xanthus captured specimens
of it near Cape St. Lucas.
JADERA H&MATOLOMA H, Schf. This is a subtropical
species which inhabits Central America, Mexico, the
West Indies, Texas and southern Florida. Specimens of
it were taken at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
238 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
BERYTIDA.
NEIDES MuTICUS Say. This very slender species in-
habits many parts of the region near the coast of the
Pacific Ocean. Mr. John Xanthus secured specimens of
it near Cape St. Lucas. As this is is a highland species
which extends north into British Columbia, it is inferred
that it was found in the mountains inland from Cape St.
Lucas.
ACANTHOLZNA ANNULATA Uhler. This neat little
species was found at San Borgia, in May, by Mr. C. D.
Haines. Collections made in the early summer would,
no doubt, add other tropical species to those already rec-
ognized, especially among the forms which inhabit damp
places and the fresh or brackish waters.
LYGAIDZA.
\
Nysius CALIFORNIcUS Stal. The specific name here
given is unfortunate, for this insect inhabits all the herba-
ceous regions from Central America to British Columbia,
and from New Jersey to Florida and Cuba. Specimens
were secured by Mr. John Xanthus at Cape St. Lucas.
Nysius ancustatus Uhler. Specimens of this small
insect were collected by Mr. John Xanthus, near Cape St.
Lucas, and others were found at San Jorge, in March,
by Mr. C. D: Haines.
NySIUS STRIGOSUS n. sp.
Form similar to 4V. angustatus Uhl., but a little shorter
and more curved on the sides of corium. Color dull fulvo-
testaceous made gray by the black punctures of the sur-
face; the head not as long, and the pronotum shorter and
not as concave on the sides as in JV. angustatus. Head.
moderately convex, minutely punctate, tinged with red-
dish brown, minutely pubescent, with a longitudinal black
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 239
line each side next the eyes, and with a few slender black
borders of the sutures; the tylus and a line of corre-
sponding width behind it blackish; labrum pale brown,
the rostrum piceous and reaching to behind the middle
coxe; antennz brownish testaceous, obscured with fus-
cous above, and more especially upon the basal and apical
joints. Pronotum wider than long, pale brownish, a little
tinged with fulvous, deeply punctate in blackish, some-
what transversely, in confluent rows, the lateral margin
slenderly reflexed, diagonal in a direct line, which is in-
terrupted behind by the over-swelling of the end of the
callosities; callosities blackish, the constriction before
them pale fulvous, sunken and very minutely punctate,
the middle line black raised, and a trace each side also
black; humeral angles tumid, oblique, pale, punctate in
part. Scutellum roughly punctate, the raised y-shaped
line blackish, with a testaceous tip. Prostethium chiefly
dull black, punctate, margined behind with testaceous,
the meso- and meta-sternum black, and this color is
carried over upon the basal segment of the venter; the
pleural segments and first ring of venter each with a large
black spot exteriorly, the osteolar piece ivory white.
Legs fulvo-testaceous, the femora faintly flecked with
brown. Hemielytra pale testaceous, remotely and finely
punctate; the costal margin strongly reflexed, moderately
carinate; the veins thick, the inner and apical bounding
veins of the clavus each with a dark piceous streak, and
the radial and discoidal veins with a larger dark streak on
the middle of each, the posterior border with three dark
brown streaks. Venter with three yellow spots each side
which are bordered with black.
Length to end of abdomen, 234-3 mm. Width of pro-
notum, t full mm. —
Several specimens were taken at San Julio, in April,
by Mr.C: Dy Haines.
240 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ISCHNORHYNCHUS DIDYMUS Zett. Specimens of this
cosmopolitan species were found by Mr. Xanthus in the
region of Cape St. Lucas. It is common in many parts
of California.
ISCHNORYHNCHUS CHAMPIONI Dist. One specimen was
obtained at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen. It
has also been taken at Cape St. Lucas and in southern
California.
CyMuUs LuRIDUS Stal. Specimens from Cape St. Lucas
have been brought to my notice.
CYMODEMA TABIDA Spin. ‘Two specimens were taken
at San Ignacio, in April, by Mr. C. D. Haines.
IscHNODEMUS FALICUS Say. A few specimens of this
insect were taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xan-
thus.
BuissUS LEUCOPTERUS Say. Specimens of the usual
varieties were collected at Lower Purisima, in April, by
Mr:-C. DD. Haines.
GEOCORIS PUNCTIPES Say. Specimens were captured
at Comondu, in March, by Mr. C. D. Haines.
GEOCORIS ULIGINOSUS Say. A few specimens were
taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. It in-
habits, also, many parts of southern as well as northern
California, Arizona, Mexico, etc.
PACHYGRONTHA CEDANCALODES Stal. Specimens of
this species were secured near Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus.
LiGyROCORIS SYLVESTRIS Linn. One specimen of this
common species was collected at San José del Cabo by
Dr. Gustav Eisen, others were found at Cape St. Lucas
by Mr. John Xanthus.
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 241
LiIGYROCORIS CONSTRICTUS Say. Specimens were found
at the same localities as the preceding species.
CNEMODUS SOBRIUS 0. Sp.
Stouter than the other described species of this genus.
Piceous black, not highly polished, rufo-piceous beneath.
Head thick, closely pubescent and set with numerous
long bristles, the antenniferous lobes stout and promi-
nent; tylus acutely prominent, fulvo-testaceous, with the
rostrum a little paler, reaching between the middle coxe ;
the eyes placed a little farther back than in C. mavortius,
base of head almost abruptly contracted. Pronotum only
moderately long, contracted into a narrow, striated col-
lum on the front margin, the anterior subglobose, but
longer than wide, with a few scratched spots on the disk,
and set with a few erect bristles; the posterior lobe much
wider than the anterior, rufo-testaceous, remotely punc-
tate, with the humeri callous and pale. Breast and un-
derside of head a little scabrous, the sternum, coxez and
legs castaneous, with the femora darker, the front tibiae
of the male a little curved, armed on the middle with a
stout tooth, and with a few smaller teeth towards the tip.
Hemielytra nearly flat, pale castaneous, coarsely and re-
motely punctate throughout, the costal margin paler,
‘widely reflexed, a little curved; the cuneous yellowish
with a black spot at tip; the membrane and adjoining
border black. Scutellum long, narrow, acute, blackish
piceous, remotely and finely punctate, with the extreme
tip pale testaceous. Venter mostly rufous, or rufo-piceous,
tergum dark piceous.
Length to tip of abdomen, 7% mm. Width of base of
pronotum, 134 mm.; width of anterior lobe, 1% mm.
One specimen from Lower California was sent to me
by Mr. Henry Edwards. Several specimens in the col-
2p SER., Vou. IV. (16 ) June 20, 1894,
242 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
lection of the California Academy of Sciences are labeled
ONCE OR ieee
All the specimens which have thus far been reported
have the membranes short and unfinished, leaving the
two apical rings of tergum exposed.
PAMERA BILOBATA Say. A specimen is in the collec-
tion secured at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen.
It is not rare in Mexico and California.
PAMERA NITIDULA Uhler. Two specimens were taken
at San José del Cabo. Mr. John Xanthus found it near
Cape St. Lucas, and in my collection there are speci-
mens from Arizona and Texas.
OZOPHORA BURMEISTERII Guerin. This is a West In-
dian species which is somewhat common in Mexico and
Central America, and which is now known to inhabit
Lower California.
OZOPHORA UNICOLOR 0. sp.
Dark brown, broader than usual, almost flat on the hind
lobe of the pronotum and the hemelytra. Head short,
strongly convex, rufescent along the broadly grooved
middle line, each side of which the raised surface bounded
by an impressed line opens more widely behind and is
almost black, the general surface dull, indistinctly pubes-
cent and not distinctly punctate; the eyes large, subren-
iform, vertical, coarsely granulated; antennz stout, red-
dish brown, the second and third joints long, subequal,
the fourth a little shorter, almost black, with the basal
one-third white, the first joint thick, closely pubescent,
dark brown; rostrum rufo-castaneous, reaching to the
posterior coxe. Pronotum subcampanuliform, the an-
terior lobe about one-half as long as the posterior, with
the sides curving anteriorly and the margin sharply re-
flexed, the callosities impunctate, moderately tumid,
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 243
with an indented spot between them, and with the sur-
rounding surface punctate; collum contracted, distinct,
posterior lobe distinctly, not closely, punctate, the lateral
margins curved and expanding posteriorly, a little con-
tracted next the anterior lobe, the edge strongly reflexed,
and the humeral callosities prominent, pale, and long,
the posterior margin a little waved, faintly testaceous.
Scutellum mostly impunctate, but closely punctate ex-
teriorly. Legs and cox dusky fulvous, the anterior
femora long and straight, armed with but a few slender
spines, tibiz of the same legs long, straight, slender,
armed with long spines and bristles and with two stout
spines at tip. Hemielytra dark clear brown, the corium
punctate in lines, the clavus and the costal areole more
coarsely and deeply punctate, costal margin to beyond
the middle, base of ulnar vein and outer margin of clavus
pale testaceous, membrane fuliginous, bordered with tes-
taceous at base. Middle of venter pale reddish brown.
Length to tip of venter, 8-814 mm. Width of base of
pronotum, 2-2'% mm.
A few specimens were collected at San José del Cabo
by Dr. Gustav Eisen, and others were brought from
Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
PTOCHIOMERA OBLONGA Stal. Single specimens have
been picked up at several stations near the southern
part of Lower California.
CARPILIS FERRUGINEA Stal. One specimen was cap-
tured near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
ScCOLOPOsTETHUS sp.? A single specimen was secured
near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus, but it is too
much altered to be fit for description.
TRAPEZONOTUS NEBULOSUS Fallen. A few specimens
of this common European insect were captured near Cape
St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
244 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
EMBLETHIS ARENARIUS Linn. A specimen is in the
collection from San José del Cabo, and some others from
the Calmalli mines.
PERITRECHUS FRATERNUS Uhler. This species was
found near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
EREMOCORIS FERUS Say. One specimen was collected
at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen. Others were
found near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
MEGALONOTUS UNUS Say. A single specimen of this
obscure species was secured near Cape St. Lucas by
Mr. John Xanthus.
MiIcROTOMA CARBONARIA Rossi. This European spe-
cies is now known to be widely distributed on both sides
of North America. It occurs in Massachusetts and ex-
tends from thence to Florida. On the western side it is
found in Colorado, near Denver, and from that point
southwest, at various stations, to Arizona, California and
Lower California. It was also collected at El Paraiso by
Dr. Gustav Eisen.
PHYGADICUS BEHRENSII Uhler. Specimens were se-
cured near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. It
was also found at the same place by Dr. Gustav Eisen.
PELIOPELTA ABBREVIATA Uhler. <A few specimens
were secured at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
CRopPHIUS DIScoNoTUS Say. ‘This species was taken
at Cape St. Lucas and at San José del Cabo.
MELANOCORYPHUS BICRUCIS Say. Found at San José
del Cabo and elsewhere in Lower California.
MELANOCORYPHUS RUBICOLLIS N. Sp.
Dull black, broad, becoming gradually more narrow
anteriorly; the collum both above and below, the thick
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 245
lateral margins of the posterior lobe of the pronotum and
sometimes the posterior part of the medial carinate line
red. Head moderately long, subacute, minutely and obso-
letely scabrous, very minutely pubescent; antennz stout.
finely pubescent, the second joint long, about equal to the
fourth, the third short and a little longer than the basal
joint; rostrum reaching the posterior coxe. Pronotum
depressed behind the collum, and back of the curved im-
pressed line between the lobes, the callosities almost ob-
solete, the lateral margins prominently elevated and grow-
ing thicker posteriorly, the medial carinate line sharply
defined; the anterior lobe remotely and more coarsely
punctate, and the posterior lobe obsoletely and more fine-
ly so. Scutellum with a thick scabrous raised line on the
middle. Hemielytra densely and minutely scabrous, with
the veins of the corium and its claval boundary thick and
very prominent. Collum of the prosternum notched in
the middle. Underside rendered a little grayish by the
minute sericeous pubescence; the legs tinged with gray
in the same manner. Venter a little tinged with red along
the connexivum. Membrane smoke black.
Length to tip of venter, 5%-8 mm. Width of base of
pronotum, 2—3 mm.
This species closely resembles Lygeus lateralis Dal-
las, as figured by Mr. Distant in the Biologia Cent. Amer.,
plate 18, fig. r. But the figure seems to give a much
narrower insect with longer head, corium bordered with
red, and joints of antenne relatively longer.
Numerous specimens were collected at Cape St. Lucas
by Mr. John Xanthus. Another was secured at San
José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen.
MELANOCORYPHUS CIRCUMPLICATUS Dist. A single
specimen of this species was found at Lower Purisima.
in April, by Mr. Charles D. Haines. It is No. 484 of
the collection.
246 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
LYG#US BISTRIANGULARIS Say. Specimens were col-
lected at the Calmalli mines, in April, by Mr. Charles D.
Haines.
LyG#US RECLIVATUS Say. Several specimens were
collected at Comondu, San Fernando and San Quentin,
in March and May,'by Mr. Charles 1D. Haines.) gins
also in the collection from San José del Cabo secured
by Dr. Gustav Eisen.
Lyczus cosTaLtis H. Schf. Specimens have been
brought in from nearly every part of Lower California.
It was collected at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav
Eisen, and at Comondu, Calmalli mines and San Jorge,
in March and April, by Mr. Charles D. Haines.
Lycaus tTurcicus Fab. <A few specimens of this
form were included ina large bottle of Z. reclivatus Say,
which were collected near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus. These two so-called species are but forms of
a true single species for which the name Lygeus turcicus
Fab. has priority. It is convenient, however, to label
them with the two names in our cabinets, since the west-
ern one is generally marked with the two white dots on
the membrane, while in the eastern form the two white
dots are usually absent. We now possess series from
both sides of the continent, taken from a single brood,
which not only include these two varieties, but others, to
which European entomologists have given other names.
That very wise closet naturalist, M. Montandon, insists
upon- keeping the species separate, because one or two
specimens that I sent to him have the red color of the
head widely spread, instead of being confined to the mid-
dle of the vertex. The pattern of marking and spread
or depth of color in specimens of this insect are extremely
variable, and not one-half of the varieties of either col-
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 247
ors or form have yet been published. It is interesting to
record that melanism is quite common in specimens from
Washington State, and that I have seen a few from Van-
couver in which the two white spots were exceptionally
large and convergent on the inner sides.
ONcCoPELTus FAsciATus Dallas. Specimens were col-
lected at San José del Cabo and other stations by Dr.
Gustav Eisen, and Mr. Charles D. Haines found it at the
Calmalli mines in April. Mr. John Xanthus secured nu-
merous specimens at Cape St. Lucas, and it has been
taken at many localities in Lower California.
Oncore.Ltus Gutta H. Schf. This form is moderate-
ly common in many parts of Lower California. It was
found at San José del Cabo and other stations by Dr.
Gustav Eisen, and at San Quintin in May by Mr. Charles
D. Haines. Mr. John Xanthus collected many specimens
of it near Cape St. Lucas.
ONCOPELTUS CINGULIFER Stal. This is a common
Mexican and Central American species. It was collect-
ed at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen, and at
Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
PYRRHOCORIDA.
ACINOCORIS LUNATUS Hahn. <A dwarf specimen of
this curious insect was taken at Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus.
LaRGUS LONGULUs Stal. One specimen was secured
at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
LarGus convivus Stal. Numerous specimens were
captured at San José del Cabo and at other stations by
Dr. Gustav Eisen. Mr. John Xanthus secured many
specimens of it near Cape St. Lucas. Mr. Charles D.
Haines also found it at Comondu in March.
248 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Lareus cinctus H. Schf. This common Mexican in-
sect was collected near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus.
STENOMACRA MARGINELLA H. Schf. This species ex-
tends from Arizona through California to southern Mex-
ico. One specimen was found near Cape St. Lucas by
Mr. John Xanthus.
DyspERCUS MIMUS Say. One specimen was secured
near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. It extends
through Arizona into Mexico, and is common in many
parts of the last-named country.
DyspERCus oBLiquus H. Schf. Only a single specimen
has come to my notice from Lower California. It was
sent to me by Mr. Henry Edwards. Numerous speci-
mens of it have been collected in southern Mexico, and
it is not rare in the vicinity of Orizaba.
CAPSIDE.
MEGALOCERZA DEBILIS Uhler. A few badly damaged
specimens were brought from Lower California by Dr.
Edward Palmer.
TRIGONOTYLUS PULCHER Reuter. This species is dis-
tributed throughout most parts of the Southern and West-
ern States and extends south into Mexico. Specimens
were collected at Lower Purisima in April, and at San
Fernando in May by Mr. C. D. Haines. Others were
found at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen. A
few specimens were also taken near Cape St. Lucas by
Mr. John Xanthus.
COLLARIA EXPLICATA Uhler. One specimen was se-
cured at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen, and
some broken remains of specimens were in the collection
made near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 249
RESTHENIA CIRCUMCINCTA Say. Fragments of a spec-
imen of this species were ina bottle from Cape St. Lucas
secured by Mr. John Xanthus.
RESTHENIA DivisA H. Schf. A variety of this species,
from some unrecorded part of Lower California, was
given to me by Mr. Henry Edwards.
RESTHENIA LATIPENNIS Stal. One specimen was found
near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
ONCEROMETOPUS NIGRICLAVUS Reut. Specimens of this
insect were taken at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav
Eisen. It spreads through the Southern States west of
Texas and Arizona, and from thence into Mexico and
Lower California.
LopripEA MEDIA Say. <A few specimens of this widely
distributed form were collected near Cape St. Lucas by
Mr. John Xanthus.
LoPIDEA MARGINATA DN. Sp.
Form rather more slender than in Z. medza Say. Bright
red, almost parallel-sided. Head narrow, with the vertex
short and moderately convex, black on the middle, or
with a double, black curved mark there. Antenne
black, very slender. Eyes brown, subglobose, very
prominent. Costal margin of corium and cuneus pale
yellow. The other features and form of the pronotum
are the same as in L. media Say. The legs, membrane
and disk of corium blackish.
Length to tip of venter, 4%-5 mm. Width of prono-
tum, 1%-1% mm.
A few specimens were collected at San Julio, in April,
by Mr. C. D. Haines. It inhabits also California, Ari-
zona, Colorado and the eastern United States.
Possibly this may eventually prove to be but a form of
250 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
L. media Say, but at present we have no evidence upon
which to establish this possibility.
LOMATOPLEURA C4SAR Reut. Specimens of this in-
sect have been secured in many parts of California, as
well as in the eastern United States. A damaged specimen
was in the collection made at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus. The fusiform second joint of the antenne will
distinguish this from the similar species in the
Lopidea.
genus
HADRONEMA ROBUSTA DN. Sp.
Shorter and more convex anteriorly than //. mz/itarcs
Uhler. Black, tinged with gray by the sericeous minute
pubescence; the pronotum, scutellum and breast bright
red. Head dull black, nearly vertical, strongly convex
above; rostrum black, reaching between the posterior
coxe; antenne short and stout, black, the second joint
very long, the third about two-thirds as long, while the
fourth joint is very short, acute at tip. Pronotum wider
than long, a little sinuated on the sides, minutely scabrous,
transversely and finely wrinkled, with the anterior margin
distinctly reflexed between the oval callosities; the cal-
losities sometimes black; the posterior margin broadly
curved, slenderly reflexed, and the humeral angles
rounded but not raised. Scutellum short, subequilateral.
Hemielytra opaque, closely and minutely pubescent, ob
soletly scabrous, with the clavus shallowly punctate. Legs
blackish or smoke-brown. Venter dull black, the seg-
ments fringed with sericeous prostrate pubescence. Mem-
brane long, smoke blackish.
g
Length to tip of venter 2, 3%-33%4; %,4%-5 mm.
Width of pronotum, 144-134 mm.
Specimens were collected at San José del Cabo by Dr.
Gustav Eisen. A specimen from Crystal Springs, Cal.,
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 252
July oth, was given to me’ Mr. Henry Edwards. Ihave
also seen specimens from Los Angeles, San Bernardino
and other parts of California. The male is far more
slender than the female, and has very prominent eyes
and longer antenne. The macropterous male has some-
times exceptionally long hemielytra.
fladronema princeps Uhler from nothern California,
Oregon and Washington State, is of a narrow form, with
nearly the same colors, antenne more slender and reach-
ing upon the cuneus, besides having a slender yellow
costal border and a lunule of yellow orred on the cuneus.
HADRONEMA MILITARIS Uhler. One specimen from
Lower Calitornia was given to me by Mr. Henry Edwards.
It is also found in Arizona, Mexico, etc.
HADRONEMA DECORATA 0. Sp.
Dull black, minutely pubescent, broader than either
of the other species. Head wide, moderately convex,
acutely triangular in front, sometimes rufous or fulvous
at base, also next the eyes, middle of front, the cheeks
and throat; eyes very large and prominent, smoke-brown
or black, vertex finely pubescent, minutely scabrous; an-
tenne long, tapering, but not abruptly narrowing, black,
the second joint long, the third a little shorter, the fourth
more than half the length of the third; rostrum black,
sometimes fulvous at base, reaching between the middle
coxa. Pronotum about as long as wide, moderately con-
vex, slenderly reflexed on both the anterior and lateral
margins, the surface obsoletely or little punctate and
transversely wrinkled, the callosities transverse, small,
black, sometimes enclosed by a pale band which crosses
the anterior lobe, the posterior margin a little curved
down, with the humeri a little tumid. Scutellum a little
swollen, rufous, scabrous. . Legs black, with a tinge of
252 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
grey, or dull tawny at base, and sometimes with the coxa
pale testaceous. Propleura and prosternum pale yellow-
ish. Hemielytra dull black, flat, minutely pubescent,
faintly scabrous, the costal margin almost straight, nar-
rowly yellow in concurrence with the border of the pro-
notum, the inner edge of the clavus, a wider line running
diagonally back to the inner angle of the corium and
the clavus, bluish white; membrane long, smoke-black.
Venter black, a little polished, much narrower and shorter
than the hemielytra, finely pubescent, the exterior margin
white, and the base with a subquadrate white spot.
Length to tip of venter, 3%-4 mm. Width of base of
pronotum, 14%-1% mm.
A few specimens were collected at San Luis and at the
Calmalh mines, in_April, by Mr. C. DD. Haines: “Nos:
756, 777 and 554. The males are very much narrower
than the females, and this gives greater apparent ampli-
tude to the wing-covers. Immature varieties have much
of the black color above substituted by a pale lead-color,
and the legs more or less fulvous or testaceous. Two
specimens were taken at San José de Gracias.
Puy TOCORIS EXIMIUS Reuter. One specimen was found
on Magdalena Island, in March, by Mr. C. D. Haines.
It is a common species in many parts of the United
States, and spreads from Arizona and California into
Mexico.
PHYTOCORIS RAMOSUS N. sp.
Dull fulvous, robust, finely pubescent. Head moder-
ately thick, convex, with the usual incised line on the
middle, face vertical, the eyes dark brown, very large,
occupying most of the side of the head; antenna long,
not very slender, pale fulvous, the basal joint flecked
with brown and remotely set with dusky hairs, the second
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 253
joint paler, minutely bristly, a little longer than the clavus,
the third joint scarcely more than half as long; rostrum
pale fulvous, darker at tip, reaching to the posterior
coxe. Pronotum short and very convex, infuscated each
side and across the base, the callosities dark brown,
transverse, wide apart, the surface minutely pubescent,
and the posterior edge yellow, curved, indented in the
middle and next the humeral angles; the pleural flap
dusky, broadly pale beneath. Anterior coxa pale yel-
lowish, the femora pale fulvous, a little sprinkled with
brown, especially towards the tips, tibia paler, set with
pale bristles; tarsi dark at tip including the nails. Scutel-
lum tumid, indented at base, bright fulvous. Hemielytra
bright fulvous, long, not much curved on the costal mar-
gin; cuneus of the same color; membrane yellowish
white, spread with branching brown lines on the sides
and tip, the looped vein deep yellow. Venter a little
dusky on the disk, sometimes pale fulvous sprinkled with
rufous.
Length to tip of venter, 4%-5 mm. Width of prono-
tum, 2 mm.
One specimen was taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus. In the present collection there are a few
specimens marked Cal. 11, and I have examined others
which were collected at San Bernardino, Los Angeles
and at Flagstaff, Arizona.
COMPSOCEROCORIS ROSEUS 0. sp.
More slender than the preceding species, with the outer
margin of the corium nearly straight: color roseus, or
pale yellow tinged with rufous. Head moderately long,
very convex, finely hoary pubescent, distinctly contracted
into a neck behind the eyes, the eyes large and very
prominent, dark brown; rostrum slender, pale yellow,
reaching over the second ventral segment. “Antenne
254 CALIFORNIA. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
long and slender, black, the basal joint crossed on the
upper side by numerous irregular white bands; the sec-
ond joint much narrower than the first, with a white band
at base and another beyond the middle; the third almost
setaceous, white at base, a little shorter than the second;
the fourth still shorter and a little more slender; border
of the antennal sockets black. Neck with two black
stripes each side behind the eyes. Pronotum long and
narrow, very moderately convex, more or less luteous,
or with the posterior lobe entirely luteous, obsoletely and
most minutely scabrous, remotely pubescent; the collum
distinct, the anterior lobe but little wider than the collum
and not much longer, with an indistinct carina on the
middle; the posterior margin very slightly sinuated,
fringed with whitish hairs; the pleural flap pale and re-
flexed below. Legs pale testaceous, the anterior and
middle femora flecked with black near the tip, posterior
femora pale fulvous, or rosy, minutely flecked with brown
over most of the surface, and more distinctly pubescent;
tibize with the knees, tip and two bands black, tarsi mostly
piceous, with the nails black. Scutellum pale fulvous,
tumid, finely whitish pubescent. Hemielytra luteous,
tinged with rose pink, finely whitish pubescent, the costal
margin faintly sprinkled with brown: the cuneus deeper
rosy, sometimes bounded in front by a pale luteous spot
which is sprinkled with red; membrane whitish testace-
ous, marbled with smoke-brown and at tip broadly clouded
with the same color; wings pale fuliginous. Venter rosy,
fringed with pale silky hairs, and the borders of the seg-
ments pale luteous.
Length to tip of venter, 5 mm. Width of base of pro-
notum, 2% mm.
One specimen was secured at San Borgia, in May, by
Mr.@. Di Haines. Itis)' No. 7785- A pair in my jeollec=
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 255
tion was kindly sent to me from Los Angeles by Mr. D.W.
Coquillett.
NEUROCOLPUS NUBILUS Say. Syn. JV. mexicanus Dist
One specimen was taken at Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus. A single specimen in the collection of
the California Academy of Sciences is marked ‘‘Cal. 9.”’
This species is one of the most variable of the incon-
stant Phytocoraria. It is distributed all over the North
American continent from Quebec to Panama, and it seems
to be about as variable in Mexico as it is in Maine or
Maryland. As I have compared specimens with Mr.
Distant’s types, I find them to be precisely like varieties
of LV. nubslus Say, which I have collected with my own
hands, and some of which I have raised from the newly
excluded condition to the fully matured state. A per-
manent variety has the posterior femora dark gray, with
a small pale spot on the upper side. The other extreme
of color has the hind femora yellowish or fulvous, with
the apex broadly black. ‘The basal joint of the antenne
is also variable in thickness. In some specimens the tip
of this joint is knobbed and smooth.
CALOCORIS SUPERBUS Uhler.
This common species occurs near Cape St. Lucas, as
well as in Mexico and the western United States.
CALOCORIS RUBRINERVE Dist. This is a common spe-
cies in Mexico, southern Florida, Texas and the Lesser
Antilles. Specimens were found at Lower Purisima in
April, and on Margarita Island in March, by Mr. C. D.
Haines.
CALOCORIS VIGENS 0. sp.
Clear green, opaque, more robust than C. rudrinerve,
minutely pubescent. Head greenish-yellow, almost ver-
tical in front, the eyes moderately prominent, dark brown,
256 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
placed nearly vertical, vertex broadly grooved on the
middle, transversely impressed between the upper corners
of the eyes; the front tumid, subpentagonal, nearly flat
on the middle, the outline strongly curved when viewed
from the side; the sockets of the antennz seated in a cav-
ity. Antenne long and slender, the basal joint longer
than the pronotum, the second longest, as long as the
clavus, the third not much more than half as long, the
fourth more slender and a little shorter than the third.
Rostrum slender, pale greenish, dusky at tip, reaching
behind the middle of venter. Pronotum wider than long,
paler anteriorly, the collum prominent, confined to the
width between the eyes, callosities oval, low, tinged with
reddish-brown, the posterior margin broadly curved, a
little uneven, with the humeral angles a little reflexed and
the adjoining surface indented; the surface uneven around
the callosities, pale pubescent near the sides, the lateral
margin not distinctly carinated, very slightly sinuated;
lower margin of pleural flaps pale, reflexed. Chest and
venter greenish-white, silky pubescent. Legs yellowish,
the femora a little dusky near the tip, with the nails black.
Scutellum green, a little convex, sometimes red at base,
with the tip acute, Corium pubescent, either entirely,
green or bordered with red inwardly, the costal margin
pale yellowish-green; the clavus red or reddish-brown,
sometimes clear green; cuneus green, occasionally bor-
dered inwardly with red; membrane fuliginous with the
vein darker. Tergum more or less rufous.
Length to tip of venter, 5-5% mm. Width of prono-
tum, 134-2 mm.
A tew specimens of this beautiful form were collected
at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen. As the al-
cohol in which these specimens were placed had disin-
tegrated them for the most part, the study of their legs
and antenne had to be derived from detached members.
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 257
MELINNA ELONGATA n. sp.
Resembling M. modesta Uhler, male, in form, but nar-
rower than any other species yet described, pale chest-
nut-brown, sometimes fulvous, distinctly pubescent.
Head narrow, eyes large, black, far apart, face vertical,
vertex very short, minutely punctate, antenne stout, long,
extending to the base of the cuneus, the second joint al-
most as long as the third and fourth united, the fourth
piceous. Rostrum pale luteous, darker at tip, reaching
to the posterior coxe. Pronotum short, moderately con-
vex, Closely punctate, clothed with erect, yellowish pu-
bescence, breast paler. Legs pale honey-yellow, the
coxe almost white, with a brown spot above each. Scu-
tellum very moderately convex, pubescent, closely punc-
tate. Corium, clavus and cuneus unevenly punctate,
clothed with erect yellowish pubescence, the costal area
nearly straight, wide, pale luteous, the cuneus mostly
rufous. Venter pale fulvous, polished, pubescent, with
bundles of longer hairs at tip. Membrane with a large
dusky spot at tip.
Length to tip of venter, 2-2% mm. Width of prono-
tum, 3,-I1 mm.
One specimen was taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus; another was secured at the Calmallj
mines in April (No. 759) 5) by Min C.D Haines: “lta.
habits also Texas, Arizona, California and Florida.
MEGACELUM CATULUM n. sp.
Dull testaceous, mixed with gray pubescence, and
marked with black, oval, broader than the related species
of this genus and the surface more opaque. Head blunt,
vertical, dull testaceous, the vertex a little depressed and
sloping forward, incised on the middle, the front almost
vertical, fuscous at base, marked before the base with
diagonal lines of dark brown punctures which converge
2D SreR., Vou. IV. (17) June 20, 1894,
258 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
on the sunken and punctate middle line, the lower part
of this surface punctate generally, and the base of the
tylus also punctate as above; occiput acute-edged; the
eyes large, pale, placed nearly vertical, sinuated inwardly,
with very coarse facets. Antenne stout, so closely
sprinkled with piceous as to appear blackish, the basal
joint stouter and nearly all black, the second joint long-
est, about as long as the clavus, the third a little longer
than the basal one and the fourth a little shorter than the
basal, very acute at tip. Rostrum mostly dull testaceous,
piceous at base, reaching between the middle coxe; the
tylus white from near base to next the tip, the base and
tip marked with black. Pronotum convex, the outline
concurring with the oval curve of the hemielytra, the sur-
face irregularly and deeply punctate, having a large sub-
quadrate black spot anteriorly which includes the convex
callosities, the transverse impression deep, sunken in the
middle; collum narrow, deeply contracted, marked with
a small black knob in the middle; lateral carina very
slender, pale, slightly sinuated posteriorly, a little reflexed
next the humeri; more or less spotted with black near
the posterior margin. Scutellum polished, black, with
two triangular yellowish spots at base, the tip acute,
whitish. Legs testaceous, pointed and spotted with
brown, more especially towards the tip of the femora,
the tarsi piceous at base and tip, the nails black; the
coxe and sternum whitish. Pleural segments piceous
black. Hemielytra grayish testaceous, minutely pubes-
cent, the costal area wide, pale testaceous, edged with
brown rugule, the corium unevenly punctate, with small
brown spots scattered about and a large blackish spot at
the inner tip overlapping the base of cuneus; embolium
whitish, fringed with hairs; cuneus ivory-yellow, mar-
gined and tipped with black; membrane pale smoke-
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 259
brown, darker behind the middle and on the nervule.
Venter highly polished greenish-yellow, freckled with
red, the submargin with a broad black stripe which sends
off slender streaks on the borders of some of the seg-
ments; connexivum broadly red interrupted with black
at the sutures, minutely shagreened, the apical seg-
ments set with erect hairs.
Length to tip of venter, 5-6 mm. Width of prono-
tum, 2-214 mm.
Only three specimens of this insect have thus far
been brought to my notice. They are all females, and
differ in the depth of color and amount of marking
upon the upper and under surfaces. One specimen
was taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus,
a second was found in southern Texas by Mr. Andrew
Bolter and the third was secured in York County, Pa.,
by Droit. Ee. Melsheimer:
The insects of this genus occur on the branches and
twigs of young pine trees in early summer; and it is
likely that this new species will be found in moderate
numbers when attention is paid to collecting from the
young pine trees. The male is now adesideratum. The
tibia of this species are sometimes marked with three
whitish incomplete bands.
LycGus sALLEI Stal. This is a common species which
includes several varieties. It has been found in Texas,
Colorado, Arizona, California and in Mexico, as far south
as Orizaba. One or two damaged specimens are in the
collection from San José del Cabo. Several specimens
anedabeled *¢Calt’’
Lycus PRATENSIS Fab. This species has been widely
dispersed through the agency of commerce. It is found
at the seaports of every part of North America, on the
260 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
west as well the east; and it is now distributed over the
whole width of the continent from the mouth of Macken-
zie River in Arctic America to Panama and northern Bra-
zil. It dwells on weeds and grasses of many kinds. Mr.
John Xanthus brought specimens from Cape St. Lucas,
and in the present collection there are specimens labeled
“Calvers and“ Cal-.o.,
LyYGUS VIVIDUS nN. sp.
Elongate suboval, bright tender green, beneath green-
ish-white, minutely pubescent. Head yellow, nearly ver-
tical, short, blunt, polished, longitudinally indented an-
teriorly; eyes large, black, prominent, with coarse facets,
the space between them narrow; the tylus thick, moder-
ately curved, the rostrum yellow, reaching to behind the
middle coxe. Legs pale luteous, finely pubescent, the
posterior femora thick, somewhat flattened, obsoletely
bicarinated beneath; the nails and tip of tarsi dark piceous.
Pronotum convex, short, with the anterior lobe, collum
and margins all around, yellow, indented space between
the callosities slightly carinate across the front, the collum
cylindrico-convex, almost in contact with the corner of
the eye, lateral margins steep, the carinate edge almost
obliterated, the surface generally clothed with yellow,
almost erect, pubescence, and obsoletely scabrous. Scutel-
lum longer than wide, pubescent and scabrous like the
pronotum, moderately convex, yellow across the depressed
base. Hemielytra densely minutely scabrous, closely pu-
bescent, with the broad almost straight costa pale green-
ish-yellow, the long cuneus of the same color; mem-
brane long, dusky whitish with the vein green. Venter
reenish white, minutely sericeous pubescent.
Length to tip of venter 3%-4 mm. Width of prono
tum 134-2 mm.
oO
5
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 261
A single male from Comondu (No. 318) was obtained
by Mr. C. D. Haines, ‘in March, 1889. The only other
specimens that I have examined were collected in south-
ern California; they were, however, too much damaged
to afford characters for description. This type of struct-
ure is exceptional in the genus Lygus, and when speci-
mens of both sexes can be obtained for dissection, it is
possible that this species will have to be transferred to an-
other genus. It has several characteristics which recall
relationship with the genus Orthotylus.
Lycus sp.? Fragments of four other species, appar-
ently undescribed, are known from Cape St. Lucas and
other parts of Lower California, but they do not afford
sufficient materials for description.
ORTHOPS SCUTELLATUS Uhler. Specimens were col-
lected near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. The
species is distributed over many parts of the West, in-
cluding California, Arizona, Colorado, Ilinois, Minnesota
and Canada.
PacILoscyTus BASALIs Reuter. This species occurs
on small plants in various parts of California, Arizona.
Texas and Colorado, as well as in most parts of the east-
ern United States. A few specimens were collected near
Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. In the present
collection there are specimens from California.
Pa:CILOSCYTUS INTERMEDIUS n. sp.
A little more robust than P. basal/s Reuter, with stout-
er antenne ; oval, pale brownish-yellow or chestnut-brown.
minutely pubescent. Head a little oblique, highly pol-
ished, luteous, with a black circle on the face between
the eyes which is interrupted below, but carried back
posteriorly to the base of the head, below this the tylus
is deep black, except at base; cheeks below the anten-
262 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF. SCIENCES.
ne bright yellow, highly polished, swollen; front set with
erect yellowish hairs; occipital carina narrow, dull yel-
low, black in the middle; rostrum slender, piceous at
base and tip, reaching between the middle coxe. Pro-
notum convex, dark brown, bronze pubescent, often bor-
dered posteriorly with yellow, and with an oblong dull
yellow spot on the middle, collum more or less dull yel-
low, the surface scabrous and transversely wrinkled, the
posterior margin regularly curved. Scutellum dark brown,
pubescent, wrinkled, broadly yellow at tip. Legs dull
yellowish, the two anterior pairs of femora paler, crossed
by about two piceous bands, the posterior femora crossed
by broader and darker bands, tibial knees and apex of
tarsi blackish piceous. Hemielytra pale dull tawny or
obscure chestnut-brown, with the costal margin and cu-
neus pale yellow, the base of corium shaded and streaked
with pale dull yellow, the coarse vein of inner apical mar-
gin next behind the clavus conspicuously yellow; the sur-
face mostly covered with prostrate bronze-yellow pubes-
cence; membrane dusky, with the veins yellow. Ster-
nal and pleural pieces black above and between the coxa,
elsewhere yellow. Venter yellow, with a black disk and
an interrupted black stripe next the connexivum. In the
male the black color is sometimes spread over most of the
venter.
The antenne are longer and stouter than in P. basalzs
Reuter, and the second joint is as long as the corium.
Length to end of venter,é64; 25%-6 mm. Width of
pronotum, 2—2% mm.
A specimen, 4, is in the collection from San Quintin
CNo. 814), collected in May by Mr. C.D. Haines, and
others are marked ‘‘Cal. 9.’’ The species inhabits many
parts of California, and it is found also in Arizona. No.
813 from El Rosario, collected in May by Mr. C. D.
Haines, is a faded variety of the same species.
———————
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER. CALIFORNIA. 26
Oo
Pa&cILOCAPSUS MARMORATUS DN. sp.
Pale, yellow, short, moderately robust, hardly polished,
very minutely scabrous, most minutely and remotely pu-
bescent. Head polished, impunctate, nodding, strongly
convex in front, with the eyes quite small, pale brown,
tylus long, tapering, continuing almost the same curve as
the front; antenne moderately slender, long, rod-shaped,
and very gradually tapering after the apex of the second
joint, dark brown, the basal joint longer than the head,
marked with several irregular or diagonal yellow bands,
the second joint as long as the clavus, about unitormly
thick throughout, crossed by a narrow yellow band before
the middle, the third and fourth joints short, subequal,
each with a narrow whitish band at base; rostrum pale
yellow, very slender towards the tip, reaching beyond the
posterior coxe, a little piceous both at base and tip. Pro-
notum a little wider than long, convex, marbled with dark
brown on the sides and posterior two-thirds, the lateral
margin slenderly carinate, with a slender brown line
on it and another above it, collum narrow but clearly de-
fined, bounded before and behind by a slender brown
margin, on the middle behind the callosities are two round,
brown dots, humeral angles more projecting than the lat-
eral margin, the posterior margin a very little curved, but
bending down towards the scutellum; pleural flaps quite
narrow, scabrous. Legs yellow, the femora flecked with
brown, and the tibie with the knees, two bands and the
tip also brown, apex of the tarsi, and the nails piceous.
Scutellum moderately convex, usually marked with two
longitudinal brown streaks, the tip minutely acuminate.
Underside whitish yellow. Hemielytra pale luteous, spread
with close golden-yellowish pubescence, irrorated and
marbled with brown in such a way as to leave numerous
dots and irregular spots of the surface exposed, the base
264 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
of cuneus occasionally almost covered by one or two
brown patches, also the tip and middle with brown streaks ;
the membrane pale, marked with a smoky bord, band and
base, the veins coarse, and yellow excepting the base.
Venter with two submarginal curved, very slender, in-
terrupted stripes of red. The dark color is sometimes
concentrated against the tip of the corium and the base
of the pronotum.
Length to tip of abdomen, ¢, 44%; ¢%, 434-5 mm.
Width of pronotum, 2-2% mm.
This beautiful little species was found at San José del
Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen. Fragments of specimens
from Texas and Maryland have been for a long time in
my collection, but not in condition for identification. It
mimics in markings of thorax, and somewhat in figure,
certain varieties of Phytocoride related to P. colon Say.
NeEosporus SAXEuS Dist. Specimens in this collection
are marked ‘‘Cal. 9.’’ A specimen more closely resem-
bling the variety described by Mr. Distant was taken by
Mr. John Xanthus near Cape St. Lucas. This insect
presents all the varieties of color and marking possible to
its plan of development. It is met with entirely of a yel-
lowish-white, then nearly all black, others are greenish-
yellow with a black face and mostly black pronotum and
clavus, and with a large black spot near the apex of each
corium; these markings are sometimes replaced by brown,
purplish, or rosy red. Another variety has the face
marked with crimson, four stripes of the same color on
the pronotum, and the clavus and large spots of the cori-
um also crimson.
It is sometimes very common in Maryland and the Dis-
trict of Columbia on the linden tree. It occurs as far
north as the central part of Maine.
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 265
CAMPTOBROCHIS NEBULOSUS Uhler. ‘Two specimens
are in’ the: collection; marked ““Cal. 4.7’ A few speci-
mens were found near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus. This species is now known from most parts
of North America. It is distributed from Quebec to
northern Florida, and on the Pacific side of the continent
it has been found in British Columbia, Washington State,
and from thence to San Bernardino, California, and far-
ther south.
DERZOCORIS CERACHATES DN. sp.
Broad ovate, more deeply convex than usual, form
nearly like Camptobrochis nebulosus Uhl., but much larger ;
honey-yellow, polished, closely and unevenly punctate,
many of the punctures brown. Head highly polished,
strongly convex, of medium length, sloping obliquely,
with the tylus continuing the curve of the front and dis-
tinctly cut at base: antenne slender, the second joint a
little longer than the pronotum, black and slightly thick-
ened at tip, the remaining joints short, yellow, the fourth
about of the same length as the first; rostrum reaching
over the posterior coxe; the occipital collar very small
and almost hidden. Pronotum wider than long, very
convex, deeply, coarsely deeply and unevenly punctate,
dark honey-yellow or fulvous, clouded with fuscous across
the base, and with a slender dark submarginal line, the
callosities smooth impunctate, swollen, dark brown, col-
lum wide, depressed, whitish-yellow, with the posterior
margin white and sinuated in the middle. Pectoral seg-
ments, sternum and legs .uniform pale honey-yellow.
Scutellum unusually swollen, highly polished, impunctate,
with the basal angles and tip pale yellow. Hemielytra
deeply but not closely set with brown punctures, the apex
of clavus, and disk, and apex of the corium broadly, ir-
regularly brown, the costal margin with a slender brown
266 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENGES.
line, and the raised lines mostly pale yellow; cuneus
orange, tipped with clear brown; membrane pale smoky
with the veins yellow at base and brown at tip. Venter
ruto-fulvous, with an arcuated dark brown band before
the middle.
Length to tip of venter, 5-5% mm. Width of prono-
tum, 24-234 mm.
This species is not rare at Los Angeles and various
parts of southern California. A single specimen ( ) of
the large variety was secured at San José del Cabo by
Dr. Gustav Eisen.
THYRILLUS gen. nov.
General aspect of Rhopalotomus; hairy, head thick,
nearly vertical, the face prominently tumido-convex, the
throat swollen, the eyes projecting laterally and superi-
orly, vertex somewhat depressed above, having a short
broad middle groove, the occipital carina rising high above
the surface of the vertex, the base of antenne placed
some distance below the eyes, with the basal joint but
very little thicker towards the apex, the second joint long
and rod-shaped and the following joint not abruptly more
slender; superior cheeks oval and swollen, the space be-
low the eye almost flat; basal joint of rostrum wide and
thick, reaching to near the middle of the anterior coxa.
Mucro of the prosternum long triangular, depressed;
lateral margin continuously but irregularly carinate; col-
lum wide, sharply defined, more or less depressed; the
pleural flaps carried down long and almost triangular.
Scutellum a little longer than wide, bluntly ridged and
acuminate at tip. The costal border strongly and sharply
recurved at base and sunken on the submargin. Cuneus
depressed, the inner border at base thickened. Legs
long.
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 267
TuyRILLus paciFicus Uhler.. The specimens. in this
collection are labeled ‘‘ Cal. 9.”’ A few broken speci-
mens from Lower California were given to me by Mr.
Henry Edwards. This species seems to be fairly com-
mon at Los Angeles, San Bernardino and in the neigh-
borhood of San Francisco. I have also seen a few speci-
mens from southern Nevada, and others from Yakima,
Washington.
THYRILLUS BRACHYCERUS Uhler. This is also a com-
mon insect in various parts of California. One speci-
men is in the bottle labeled San José del Cabo, and it
was collected by Dr. Gustav Eisen. Other specimens
in the collection are labeled ‘‘Cal. 9.’’ Both of these
species were placed in the genus Rhopalotomus when
first described, but they seem to constitute a new genus,
tor which the above name is proposed.
PYCNODERES QUADRIMACULATUS Guerin. This is a
common insect which inhabits sandy localities on both
sides of the North American continent south of the lat-
itude of New Hampshire on the east, and probably of
San Francisco on the west. It occurs, also, in Cuba
and other islands of the West Indies. A single specimen
was taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
CyRTOCAPSUS CALIGINEUS Stal. One specimen was
taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. The
species is widely distributed in California, and it appears
to be moderately common in the vicinity of San Fran-
cisco.
MALACOCORIS IRRORATUS Say. A soiled and damaged
specimen (No. 755) of this common insect is in the col-
lection which was made at Calmalli mines, in April, by
Mr. Charles D. Haines.
268 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ILNACORA CHLORIS Uhler. Formerly placed in the
genus Sthenarops Uhler, which genus is now seen to be
preoccupied by IInacora Reuter. It is No. 744 of the
collection from San Julio, and it was secured in April by
Mr. Charles D. Haines.
LABoPIDEA CHLORIZA Uhler. An unusual variety of
this species (No. 665) was found at San Esteban, in
April, by Mr. Charles D. Haines. Most likely this spec-
imen was found in the highlands of the region, since the
species has previously been known from the mountains
and hills of Washington State and remote northern parts
of the northwest.
STIPHROSOMA ATRATA DN. sp.
This species is closely related to S. stygica Say, deep
black, polished, closely and mostly roughly punctate;
base of head not so strongly grooved as in the species of
Say, the antenna are more slender, deep black, except-
ing only the immediate points of articulation, which are
indistinctly pale; the legs are black, excepting only the
very tip of femora and the base of tarsi, which are testa-
ceous, and the membrane is smoke-black, with the base
next the cuneus narrowly whitish.
Length to tip of venter, 3-3% mm. Width of prono-
tum, 134-2 mm.
Several specimens were collected at San Julio, in
April, by Mr. Charles D. Haines. It is common in many
parts of southern California, notably at Los Angeles and
near San Bernardino.
MAcCROCOLEUS COAGULATUS Uhler. Specimens were
secured at the Calmalli mines and at San Julio and El
Paraiso, in April and May, by Mr. Charles D. Haines.
This is a widely distributed western and northern form.
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 269
MALTHACUS 0. sp.?
A pair of these insects are in the collection labeled
‘*Cal. 2,’ but they are too much altered to bear descrip-
tion.
ONCOTYLUS GUTTULATUS nN. sp.
Pale whitish or yellowish-green, robust, form of a stout
Lygus; the upper surface distinctly pubescent, minutely
flecked with black, which is finer and closer on the cori-
um, but forms remote round dots on the head, pronotum,
legs and antenne. Head small, pale green, the vertex
and front conformly convex, the tylus continuing the
curve, tapering toward the tip; the basal joint of antenne
short, second joint rod-shaped, about as long as the inner
margin of the clavus; rostrum reaching upon the middle
coxe, pale testaceous, piceous at tip. Pronotum strong-
ly convex, moderately polished, a little wider than long,
not obviously punctate, a little wrinkled next the humeri,
the callosities very large, tumidly convex, transverse, the
middle line obsoletely carinated with an indent at the front
of the line on the margin, the humeri broadly rounded;
the lateral margins almost directly oblique, sharp-edged.
Scutellum moderately convex. Hemielytra remotely,
finely and obsoletely punctate, the costal margin very
feebly curved, with the veins prominent, and the areaa
little deflexed; the membrane whitish, clouded unevenly
with fuliginous behind the middle and towards the tip.
Tibiz pale yellowish with numerous streaks anda few
dots black.
Length to tip of venter, 4%-43; mm. Width of pro-
notum, 2 mm.
Several specimens, all more or less damaged, are in
the collection. They were collected at San Julio in
April, and E] Rosario in May, by Mr. Charles D. Haines.
There is much difference in the amount of spotting upon
the hemielytra and pronotum.
270 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ONCOTYLUS PUBERUS 0. Sp.
Delicate green, brighter in the male, all above closely
sericeous pubescent, the females often have the dorsum
beneath base of pronotum fulvous or rosy. Head short,
almost vertical, the eyes large and very prominent, front
moderately convex, often rufous, vertex a little depressed,
transversely impressed next the very high occipital ca-
rina; the tylus very thick and prominent; rostrum reach-
ing between the middle coxe, pale testaceous; antenna
thick, yellowish, pubescent, the second joint nearly as
long as the outer margin of the clavus. Pronotum wider
than long, depressed behind and each side of the distinct
callosities; lateral margin with a thick feebly sinuated
carina, the humeral margins indented, a little rounded.
Scutellum very feebly elevated, depressed across the ex
posed base, a little scabrous, pale yellowish pubescent.
Hemielytra darker green, closely yellowish pubescent,
obsoletely scabrous; the cuneus long and_ subacute,
coarsely wrinkled; membrane translucent, yellowish-
white, closely wrinkled. Legs pale greenish-yellow, the
tibia armed with long spines. Beneath pale dull yellow-
ish or greenish-white, with the mesosternum more or less
widely black, sometimes uncolored in the female. Mem-
brane of male much elongated.
Length to tip of venter, 3-3% mm. Width of prono-
tum, 1% mm.
Numerous specimens are in the collection of the Cal-
fornia Academy. of Sciences, labeled **Cal. 1277;
MACROTYLUS LINEOLATUS DN. sp.
Pale greenish-testaceous tinged with fuscous, form of
M. luniger Fieb., of Europe, finely pubescent, the sur-
face dull. Head of the usual conical form as seen from
above, greenish-yellow, the vertex and front united in
HEMIPTERA OF ‘LOWER CALIFORNIA. 2
~I
H
one suborbicular, hairy prominence, of a fuscous color,
which extends from behind the middle of the eyes to their
lower line; the neck of medium length, bounded ante-
riorly by a row of black bristles, sides of the head more
or less infuscated, erect pubescent; tylus long, fuscous;
eyes prominent, dark brown, placed almost vertical; ros-
trum pale greenish, dusky at base and tip, reaching upon
the first ventral segment: antennz moderately stout, black-
ish, pale at the joints, the first joint short, the second a
little shorter than the anterior tibia. Pronotum trapezi-
form, almost flat above, the sides distinctly sinuated, ob-
liquely narrowing towards the front, with the edge clear-
ly carinated; the surface either yellow or green, set with
black bristles, the transverse line distinctly depressed,
with two subquadrate dark spots behind it, which cover
most of the posterior lobe, the callosities distinct, large,
oval, prominent, brown. Scutellum yellow, set with
blackish bristles, feebly convex, the base exposed and
marked with fuscous. Legs ‘greenish, blackish above
and dotted on the sides of the femora, the tibiz mostly
blackish. Clavus fuscous and together with the cortum
spread with erect black hairs, corium greenish, the costa,
a diagonal stripe on the middle and an uneven band at
tip blackish; cuneus pale greenish-yellow, sparsely set
with dark hairs, the inner basal angle with a small trian-
gular black spot; membrane dusky, the vein greenish-
yellow. Venter and pleural segments green, the apex of
the venter sometimes blackish.
Length to tip of venter, 23;-3 mm. Width of base of
pronotum, 14 mm.
Specimens in this collection are labeled ‘‘ Cal. 9.”” A
damaged specimen from Lower California was sent to
me several years ago by Mr. Henry Edwards.
bo
72 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
MACROTYLUS VERTICALIS N. sp.
More ovate, shorter and convex than the preceding
species, with no contracted neck behind the eyes, pale
yellowish testaceous, minutely and closely pubescent.
Head short, very moderately convex, with a brown oval
mark on the face, which is sometimes broken; eyes
larger than in the preceding species, brown; tylus and
cheeks black, polished; rostrum piceous at base and tip,
reaching between the posterior coxe; the throat and buc-
cule testaceous. Pronotum convex, a little longer than
wide, with the anterior lobe more fulvous, and the callos-
ities sometimes darker, pubescence of the sides longer
and blackish. Base of scutellum exposed, and yellow in
each angle. Legs testaceous yellow, sometimes dusky,
dotted with black. Hemielytra sometimes a little green-
ish testaceous, pubescent like the pronotum, the middle
of cuneus more or less dusky, and the membrane dusky
or clouded, with the vein pale. Middle of pleural flap in
front of depression, upper angle of mesopleural piece,
and upper end of middle and posterior coxe polished
black. Venter dusky, yellow at tip, and with a bright
yellow spot on the border of each of the segments.
Length to tip of venter, 3%-334 mm. Width of pro-
notum, 1% mm.
Several specimens are in the collection, labeled ‘‘ Cal.
** Varieties of this species occur at San Diego and
other places in southern California, and I have examined
a pair from the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas, taken by Mr.
John Xanthus.
bo
MACROTYLUS ANGULARIS N. sp.
Form broader and less convex than in JM. vertzcalzs,
with the head shorter and wider, and no appreciable
neck; smoky-blackish, marked with yellowish- white.
Head orange yellow, polished, pubescent at base and on
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 273
the sides, base of vertex a little bluntly arched, the face
marked with an uneven, curved, black line each side of
the middle; the tylus moderately long and tapering, with
a black line each side; tip of suture between the cheeks
also black: the rostrum slender, reaching to the posterior
cox, piceous at base, and the two apical joints piceous;
the eyes large, dark brown, prominent, almost in contact
with the pronotum; the antenne stout, black, with the
second joint nearly as thick as the short first joint, and
not quite as long as the clavus, the third more slender,
and about half as long as the second. Pronotum short
and wide, trapezoidal, a little sinuated at the side of the
front lobe, the callosities large, connected, prominent,
deeply impressed behind, yellow, with a black dot each
side, and the suture more or less black; surface dusky,
clothed with erect blackish hairs. Scutellum black, pu-
bescent, having a yellow stripe on the middle. Legs yel-
low, speckled with black, and with black spines, knees,
and tarsi. Sternum and pleural segments yellow, with a
black bead-like spot at the upper end of each coxe and
of two lateral orifices. Hemielytra dull blackish, minute-
ly yellowish pubescent, with the costal margin, an oblique
line next inward which forks at the posterior end, anoth-
er oblique line parallel with the clavus, the posterior bor-
der of the corium, and the border all around the cuneus
pale yellow; the costal margin moderately curved; mem-
brane smoke-blackish, with the veins pale yellow. Ven-
ter yellow, with a submarginal curved line of black dots
along its length.
Length to tip of venter, 5 mm. Width of pronotum,
24% mm.
One specimen is in the collection, labeled ‘* Cal. 10.””
Fragmentary specimens have passed my inspection,
which were taken at San Bernardino, and at Cape St.
2p SER., VOL. LV. (18 ) June 20, 1894.
274 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. It is quite desirable to
have series of these insects, since the full characters of
the species cannot be well Known until both sexes have
been carefully examined,
FULVIUS ANTHOCOROIDES Uhler. Specimens have been
brought from Los Angeles and San Bernardino, and from
Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. This species is
now Known trom many places on both sides of North
America. Itis also found in the West Indies, Central
America and Mexico.
CLOSTEROCORIS ORNATUS Uhler. This is a common
species in many parts of California and Arizona. Two
specimens were secured at San Quintin, in May, by Mr.
C.D, Haines. Others are labeled’ ““ Monterey (Co. Gale
M. K. Curran.’* Other specimens are labeled. **:Caltea
andeC al Ow"
DicypHus CALIFORNICUS Stal. Numerous specimens
are in the collection, and from various localities. A se-
ries is labeled ‘‘ Cal. 2 and Cal. 9.’’ One or two speci-
mens were in the bottles from San José del Cabo, collect-
ed by Dr. Gustav Eisen. It was found also near Cape
St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
ENGYTATUS GENICULATUS Reuter. Several damaged
and faded specimens are in the collection (numbers 69
and 317). They were taken at Comondu and on Mag-
dalena Island, in March, by Mr. C. D. Haines. This
species is common, and is now seen to be very widely
distributed in the Southern States, Mexico and the West
Indies.
RHINACLOA FORTICORNIS Reuter. Specimens were
secured at San Julio and on Margarita Island in March
and April, by Mr. C. D. Maines (Nos. 54 and 749). It
is a common insect in the Southwestern States.
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 275
AGALLIASTES DECOLOR Uhler. Two specimens of this
inconspicuous little species were collected near Cape St.
Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
PsaLLus pDELICATUS Uhler. Several specimens were
collected at the Calmalli mines in April by Mr. C. D.
Haines.
PSALLUS BIGUTTULATUS N. sp.
Yellowish-white, milk-white on the membrane, with
two small angular black spots on its exterior border; the
surface finely pubescent. Head subtriangular as seen
from above, smooth, yellow, moderately convex, directed
obliquely, the eyes long, brown, placed almost vertically;
the tylus parallel-sided, a little curved; antenne short,
slender, black, the basal joint short, white, with a sub-
apical band and exterior stripe black; rostrum testaceous,
tinged with fulvous, reaching between the intermediate
coxe. Pronotum wider than long, moderately convex,
the lateral margin sinuated, reflexed, the anterior margin
very delicately reflexed and notched in the middle, the
outer border of the callosities posteriorly with an indented
line, humeral angles subacute, a little granulated, bor-
dered inwardly by a depression, the posterior margin
almost straight. Scutellum almost flat, a little punctate,
and obsoletely carinate on the middle line. Legs whitish-
yellow, with a very slender black line on the femora and
tibia. Clavus and corium obsoletely punctate in longi-
tudinal series. Beneath whitish, unpolished.
Length to tip of venter 3% mm. Width of pronotum
144 mm.
Specimens were collected at the Calmalli mines in
April, at E] Paraiso in May, and on Margarita Island in
March by Mr.C.D.Haines. The antenne are incom-
plete in all the specimens examined.
276 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PsALLUS GUTTULOSUS Reuter. One specimen, No. 804,
was taken at San Fernando in May by Mr. C. D. Haines.
PSALLUS O: Sper
Two specimens, No. 307, from Comondu, March, were
collected by Mr: C: ). Haines: Theiconditiony or itine
insects would give only misleading characters for descrip-
tion.
Several other species related to Psallus are in the col-
lection from Lower California, but they do not furnish
proper material for description.
A most interesting and peculiar type of Capsid, related
to Pilophorus, is in the collection and labeled ‘‘ Cal. 9.”’
It seems important to add a description of it in this arti-
cle, since the same insect, or one much like it, was col-
lected in Lower California by Mr. John Xanthus.
MyRMECOPSIS Nn. gen.
In form much resembling the common black Formica
which inhabits the wood of trees in the eastern United
States. Head long, thick, almost vertical, much thicker
than the swollen middle of the pronotum; the front con-
tinuous with the vertex, and both occupied by a broad
ridge down the middle, which grows obsolete below the
line of the antenne, the tumid head growing narrower
behind the eyes and ending in a short and much contracted
neck, the face wide to the base of the tylus, conical be-
low that line; eyes large, placed nearly vertical, promi-
nent above and laterally; antenniferous basal support
starting slender below the middle of the eye and project-
ing to near the lower line of the eye; the basal joint of
antenna reaching almost to the tip of the tylus, the sec-
ond joint clavate towards the tip, as long as from the
middle of the eye to the base of pronotum, the third joint
abruptly slender, about half as long as the second; ros-
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 27
trum broad at base, the basal joint remote from the throat
and scarcely extending beyond the middle of the throat,
remaining joints very slender, not extending beyond the
posterior coxe; the throat deep and the upper cheeks
long and triangular. Pronotum curved upwards, sub-
cylindrical, but swollen on the middle and much contracted
behind this swelling, the middle of posterior margin very
prominently reflexed-folded, so as to leave an acute notch
there, surmounted by a thick spine. Hemielytra begin-
ning very narrow, gradually widening posteriorly and
finishing in a bluntly rounded tip, coriaceous, closely
pubescent, with the basal vein gradually spreading away
from the costal as it proceeds backwards. Legs long and
rather stout. The abdomen inflated beyond the con-
tracted base.
MyRMECOPSIS INFLATUS 0. sp.
Formiciform, piceous-black, dull, not apparently punc-
tate. Head long and thick, subconical at lower end;
antenne rufo-fulvous, blackish on the apical third of the
second joint. Rostrum reaching to the posterior coxe,
piceous at base and tip. Pronotum blackish-piceous,
tinged with rufo-castaneous beneath and in front, medial
hump curving diagonally upwards and forwards, the de-
pression behind it deep and the flexure of the posterior
border almost abrupt, the posterior edge white, with the
spine black. Legs dull rufo-castaneous, with the femora
somewhat darker. Hemielytra velvety blackish-brown,
pale lead-color at base and along the inner border, the
membrane pale, with an ivory-yellow border at base.
Venter piceous-black, with a large angular white patch at
base.
Length to end of venter 6 mm. Width of base of pro-
notum I mm.
This wonderful insect deserves to be studied to dis-
bo
~sI
(oe)
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
cover its habits. That it should be so much.like an ant
without requiring the protection suggested by such mim-
icry is well worthy of ardent attention.
ACANTHIID.
ANTHOCORIS ANTEVOLENS B. White. Afew specimens
were secured at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
It is in the collection from some other part of California,
but it is a widely-distributed form which is known from
various parts of Arizona, Mexico and southern California.
TRIPHLEPS TRISTICOLOR B. White. Several specimens
were collected at the Calmalli mines and on Margarita
Island in March and April by Mr. C. D. Haines. No.
742, three specimens from San Quintin, are too much
deformed to be recognizable.
ACANTHIA LECTULARIA Linn. The common bed-bug
is distributed in Lower California as actually as it is in
Mexico and California farther north.
TINGITID A.
PIESMA CINEREA Say. One specimen from Lower
California received from Mr. Henry Edwards. The
species is found also at Los Angeles, in the vicinity of
San Bernardino, and in California farther north, besides
the United States generally.
TELEONEMIA SACCHARI Fab. Specimens were taken
at San Jorge in March by Mr. C. D. Haines.
GARGAPHIA OPACULA Uhler. A few specimens were
secured at San Luis and on Magdalena Island in March
and April by Mr. C. D. Haines.
CoRYTHUCA FUSCIGERA Stal. This species is distrib-
uted over most parts of California and Mexico. Speci-
mens were taken at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xan-
thus.
—___--
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 279
CoRYTHUCA DECENS Stal. A specimen was taken at
Comondu, in March, and another at San Luis, in April,
by Mr. C. D. Haines.
CoORYTHUCA HISPIDA N. sp.
Dull white, with the eyes and body black, the antennz
a little lurid yellow, and darker at tip. Pronotal hood
long, tapering rapidly toward the front, with comparative-
ly long spines all over, pointing in all directions, provided
with mostly circular small cells, the anterior division sep-
arated from the globose base by an abrupt constriction;
the lateral lamellae bean-shaped, mostly opaque, but with
small circular cells, separated anteriorly from the hood
by a narrow triangular space, the surface and particular-
ly the margins armed with mostly close-set spines. Scu-
tellum with the medial carina low, armed with spines
pointing outwards from both sides, as is the case with the
reflexed outer margins. Hemielytra comparatively nar-
row, with three rows of circular variable cells between
the discoidal flexed carina and the outer border, the cos-
tal margin set with long straight spines which decrease in
length near the tip, these continue to within three cells of
the tip; discoidal carinate bulla low, spread with about
four rows of almost quadrangular cells. Legs fulvo-
testaceous.
Length to apex of hemielytra, 234-3 mm. Width
across pronotal lamelle, 174 mm.
This novel species was taken at San Esteban, in April,
bye Mr. CD. Haines:
CORYTHUCA C4LATA 0. sp.
White, mostly translucent, the pronotal lamelle, the
discoidal area with the globular bulle and the hood
opaque. Antenne a little dusky, with the apical joint
fuscous. Pronotum with the hood moderately short, com-
280 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
pressed and narrow anteriorly, not high, carrying about
three series of cells, anterior part of carinate ridge with
erect spines, sides with shorter spines, the posterior glob-
ular portion not much wider than the division next in
front of it; lateral lamella almost triangularly narrowed
anteriorly, reaching forward almost as far as the tip of
the hood, areoles small, arranged in four series, margin-
ed along the full length with straight, long, nearly equi-
distant spines, the posterior margin not far from the front
border of the hemielytra. Base of mesonotum like a
transverse, interrupted collar, with the middle between
the swellings longitudinally carinate, the space each side
of this, the hollows at base of hood, the center of bulla
on the disk of hemielytra, and the veins of the marginal
cells black. Scutellum almost flat, with the middle car-
ina thicker than the marginal ones. Hemielytra a little
wider behind, somewhat bent outwards, with six rows of
chiefly quadrangular cells; the base a little wider than
the lamella, deeply notched in the middle, armed with
spines which gradually decrease in size until arrested at
about one-third from the tip. Legs, rostrum, buccule,
and sternal carinate pieces testaceous. Venter a little
rufo-fulvous on the middle.
Length to tip of hemielytra, 3% mm. Width of pro-
notal lamella, 17% mm.
Specimens in this collection are labeled ‘*S. Cal.”’
I have examined one specimen from Cape St. Lucas.
This species comes near C’. decens Stal in appearance,
but it has more of the form of C. fusczgera Stal, and dif-
fers from both in the characters given above.
CoRYTHUCA INCURVATA DN. sp.
Dull murky testaceous, pellicular, obscurely translu-
cent. Pronotal hood high and short, the globular portion
—_—
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 281
occupying nearly all of it, the cells very large, chiefly
hexagonal, above stained with dark brown; lateral lam-
ella short, sunken and with a brown spot anteriorly, bent
upwards posteriorly, the edge with very short, close set
spines. Scutellum simple at base and brown there, the
carinate middle line high, with a brownish spot each side.
Hemielytra with large, mostly subquadrangular areoles,
the outer border deeply sinuated, the costal row of cells
stopped at one-third from the tip, and the very minute
spines hardly extending that far, base feebly notched;
the inner margin, a band before the apex, and the bullate
portion of the disk brown. Antenne, excepting the dark
apical joint, the rostrum, bucculw, and legs testaceous.
Apical third of the venter rufous.
Length to tip of hemielytra, 3 mm. Width of pronotal
lamellae, 1% mm.
This species is labeled in the collection ‘*Cal. 7.”’
It is, however, an inhabitant of Lower California, Mex-
ico and Arizona.
ARADIDZ.
ARADUS AMERICANUS H. Schf. One specimen is in
the collection which was made at Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus.
ARADUS AQUALIS Say. A single specimen is in this
collection, labeled ‘‘S. Cal.’’ It has been taken at Cape
St. Lucas and on the island of Santa Cruz.
ARADUS LUGUBRIS Fallon. This species has also been
taken at Cape St. Lucas and in Mexico.
BRACHYRHYNCHUS EMARGINATUS Say. Specimens
were collected at San José del Cabo, by Dr. G. Eisen;
and near Cape St. Lucas, by Mr. John Xanthus.
282 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PHYMATIDZ.
Puymata Fasciata G. R. Gray. P. Wolffid Stal.
(syn.) This species is now distributed over the greater
part of North America. Doubtless it has been distrib-
uted by hurricanes and less violent storms of wind from
region to region, and through the distribution of garden
plants by commerce it has unquestionably been transport-
ed to distant localities. At length it may be expected to
occur wherever roses and herbaceous garden plants shall
be carried from North America.
Specimens were collected on Magdalena Island, also
in Siskiyou County and in southern California.
In the eastern United States as well as in Colorado,
Kansas, etc., it enters between the florets of the golden
rod and the heads of other flowers, where it matches the
pollen-spread surfaces, and seizes the unwary insects
which come within its reach.
REDUVIOIDEA.
Coriscus FERUS Linn. This species is dispersed
throughout almost every region of North America. It is
found in Lower California, as well as in Arizona, Cal-
ifornia and New Mexico.
CorRISCUS PALLESCENS Reuter. A few specimens in
the collection were taken at the Calmalli mines, San Luis,
San Esteban in April, and on Margarita Island in March,
by Mr. C.D Haines.
SINEA UNDULATA DN. sp.
Brownish-cinereous, pale gray, pubescent, similar to
S. diadema Fab., but wider, with a shorter neck and fe-
mora, with the spines more numerous and crowded to-
gether on the front division of the head, with the carinate
‘ines of the middle of pronotum prominent and sharply
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 283
defined, and the knobs each side of base elevated, and
surmounted by a little tubercle; three double series of
spine-like, black tubercles on the anterior lobe of the pro-
notum. Venter with a series of oblique, white spots on
each side near the border; scallops of the lateral border
more prominent and placed further back than in S. déa-
dema; the inner margin of corium white.
Length to tip of venter, 14-15 mm. Width of prono-
tum, 3 mm.
This appears to be a common species in southern Cal-
ifornia and in Lower California. Specimens were col-
lected at San José del Cabo, and at the Calmalli mines by
Mir C.D. Haines.
PRIONIDUS CRISTATUS Linn. One or two specimens
were collected at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav
Hisen.
HEZA ANNULICORNIS Stal. One specimen was taken
near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
RocconoTa sp.? Fragments of a large fuscous spe-
cies, apparently of this genus, were sent from Cape St.
Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
MILYAS ZEBRA Stal. A mutilated specimen of this in-
sect is in one of the bottles from San José del Cabo.
ZELUS sPEcIOsuS Burm. A specimen was taken by
Dr. Gustav Eisen at San José del Cabo. Mr. John
Xanthus captured several specimens at Cape St. Lucas.
DreLopus ReNArRpit Kolenati. Specimens were taken
at ‘Comondu by Mr. C.D. Haines.
DiPLopuS ExsANGuIS Stal. A few specimens of this
insect were captured at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus.
284 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Prnpus socius Uhler. This species was also found at
Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
APIOMERUS CRASSIPES Fab. Specimens in this collec-
tion are labeled “*S. California.’’’ I have examined a
variety of this species from Cape St. Lucas.
APIOMERUS FLAVIVENTRIS H. Schf. This species is in
the collection of the California Academy of Sciences, la-
beled ‘‘Mex.’’ It is a well-known Mexican species,
which inhabits Cape St. Lucas, southern California and
Arizona.
RASAHUS BIGUTTATUS Say. This is a common species
in California and Mexico, which extends as far south as
to the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas. It was taken at San
Euis-by Mr. C.D. Haines:
RASAHUS SULCICOLLIS Serv. This species was found
at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
MELANOLESTES PiIcIPES H. Schf. A few specimens of
this insect were found at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus.
MELANOLESTES ABDOMINALIS H. Schf. This species
was also secured at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xan-
thus.
CONORHINUS PROTRACTUS 0. sp.
Piceous-black, narrow, approaching nearest to C. ru-
brofasciatus DeG., but much narrower and with the eyes
small, deep-seated and placed low down on the side of
the head. The head long and narrow, thicker in the fe-
male than in the male, with the posterior lobe almost as
wide as the eyes; the surface minutely scabrous and
feebly pubescent, the basal joint of antenne not reaching
near the tip of the head; the third and fourth joints slen-
der, pilose, dull testaceous; space behind the eye densely
.
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 285
and coarsely granulated; rostrum thick, fuscous, closely
pubescent, reaching to the middle of the prosternum.
Pronotum obsoletely rugose, narrower than in C. rubro-
fasciatus, less deeply sinuated on the sides, and having
the carinate line closely uniting with the humeral tubercle,
coarsely and obsoletely punctate. The scutellum mod-
erately granulated on the carinate flaps. Corium minute-
ly pubescent, very finely and closely scabrous. Venter
but little wider than the corium, with the notches of the
segments marked by a pale streak; underside paler brown,
minutely wrinkled. Tarsi and end of tibia dull pale ful-
vous.
Length to tip of venter, 16-17 mm. Width of prono-
tum, 3-3% mm.
Two specimens are labeled ‘‘Cal. 11.’” One specimen
from Lower California (Santa Cruz?) was sent to me by
Dr. J. L. Le Conte. It is common at San Diego, south-
ern California.
CONORHINUS RUBIDUS nN. sp.
Narrow, a little wider than the preceding species, with
a long narrow head and prominent eyes, dark smoke-
brown, with the basal part of pronotum and the outer
part of the connexivum more or less widely red, or red-
dish, and with the costal margin red, but more broadly
so at base. Head subcylindrical, the anterior portion not
tapering, rugulose; antenne thick, longer than in the
preceding species, the basal joint just reaching to the
apex, second joint longer than in C. protractus, the two
apical joints also long, obscurely testaceous, space be-
hind the eyes almost smooth, the constricted neck red;
rostrum short, chestnut-brown, banded with white at the
joints, reaching to middle of the short prosternum, ciliated
with long hairs. Pronotum short and moderately wide,
obsoletely wrinkled and roughened, the anterior lobe
286 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
short, simply a little convex on each division separated
by the longitudinal deep line, with the carinate longitudi-
nal lines divaricating and subobsolete; lateral margin dis-
tinctly constricted and a little sinuated behind the ante-
rior lobe, with the exterior margin carinated and the car-
ina extending along the outside of the humeral tubercle.
Scutellum filled up in the middle, coarsely transversely
wrinkled, with the tip acutely protracted, long, and ru-
fous. Corium very minutely scabrous, with a short pale
streak on the middle of the posterior border; veins of the
membrane blackish on a pale brown surface. Feet and
tip of tibia pale dull fulvous. Abdomen broadly border-
ed with red both above and below, incisures of the ter-
gum more or less red; the margin not covered by hemi-
elytra narrow.
Length to tip of venter, 19-21 mm. Width of prono-
tum, 4-4% mm.
A few specimens were collected at Cape St. Lucas by
Mr. John Xanthus.
CONORHINUS MAXIMUS DN. sp.
Coal black, shining, narrower than C’. dzmzdzatus Lat.
Head much thicker than in any other species known to
me, rough and transversely wrinkled, somewhat pubes-
cent, the tip of tylus projecting over a notch, each side
of which the cheek projects in a produced point, base of
this cheek long triangular and scooped out; the buccular
tip knob-like and protracted anteriorly; rostrum barely
reaching upon the sternum; space behind the eye very
short, coarsely wrinkled; antennz mutilated. Pro-
notum moderately short, with a strongly constrict-
ed collum directly behind the head, the outer ends
of which are drawn out and knob-like; anterior lobe
very short and narrow, deeply sunken on the middle, with
the tumid elevations each side set with sinuous series of
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 287
coarse grains, the posterior lobe thick and wide, coarsely
and unevenly wrinkled in several separate divisions, the
divaricating lines almost obsolete; the lateral border thick,
broadly curved, coarsely tuberculated below the slender,
waved carina, the humeral tubercle long, tumid, absorb-
ing the lateral carina; posterior margin almost straight
and abruptly steep against the base of scutellum, each
side of this obliquely curved. Scutellum coarsely knobbed
at base, more finely towards the tip, deeply scooped
out, the apical portion narrow, subcylindrical, ending in
a knoblike tip. Corium minutely scabrous, and the cla-
vus more coarsely so. Abdomen long ovate, wider than
the wing-covers, but not broadly expanded, with the
margin bright red all around; venter highly polished,
transversely wrinkled.
Length to tip of venter, 35 mm. Width of pronotum,
8% mm.
Only one specimen, a male, has thus far been brought
to my notice. It was kindly given to me by Dr. George
H. Horn, as having been taken in Lower California. It
differs from all species known to me by having the outer
edge of the connexivum thickened, not sharp-edged, as
is common to the large Mexican forms.
STENOPODA CULICIFORMIS Fab. Specimens were cap-
tured at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
Emesa LoncipEes DeGeer. Several specimens of this
insect were secured at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav
Eisen. After careful comparison of several specimens
with my types from the eastern United States, I can find
no important differences to separate them.
Specimens were secured also at Cape St. Lucas by
Mr. John Xanthus.
NO
CO
CO
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
LIMNOBATIDZ.
LIMNOBATES LINEATA Say. One specimen of this
form was brought from Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus.
HYDROBATID.
Hycrotrrecuus ropustus Uhler. Specimens of this
species were captured at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gus-
tav Eisen; others were taken at El Paraiso, Comondu
and San Jorge, in March, by Mr.'C. D. Flaines. Awtew
others in the collection were taken at other localities in
California. Numerous specimens were secured near
Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
HyGROTRECHUS DN. sp.?
A single damaged specimen was in the set from Cape
St. Lucas. It appeared to be near //. remigis Say, but
its identity could not be established from such meagre
material.
LIMNOTRECHUS MARGINATUS Say. Specimens of this
species were taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus. It is found also near San Diego, Los Angeles
and at other localities in southern California.
HALOBATES WUELLERSTORFI Frauenf. Specimens of
this marine insect were secured near Cape St. Lucas by
Mr. John Xanthus.
VELIIDZ.
Heprus soprinus Uhler. One specimen was brought
from near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. It
seems to be distributed over most parts of southern Cal-
ifornia and Arizona.
MICROVELIA SIGNATA N. sp.
This species has somewhat the form of J7. modesta
Uhler, but it is a longer and much more conspicuous in-
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 289
sect; the color is a dark brown, with more or less bluish
bloom, and minutely pubescent. Head short subconical,
with a smooth grooved line on the middle; antennz rus-
set-brown, paler towards the tip, the joints long; rostrum
dull testaceous, dark at tip, reaching behind the anterior
coxe. Pronotum moderately long, convex, feebly sinu-
ated on the sides, the anterior submargin with a bright
orange band which does not reach the sides; sternum
and pleural segments dark plumbeous, bordered with tes-
taceous. Legs pale testaceous, obscured above with
fuscous, and the tarsi more or less fuscous. Hemielytra
velvety, long, and much narrower than the pronotum,
clavus with a white streak, corium with a longer white
streak at base which grows wider posteriorly, the mem-
brane long, marked with one or two faint spots near base,
with a clear long spot beyond and another, longer, near
the tip. Venter dull yellow, brighter on the connexivum,
and dusky along each side of disk.
Length to tip of venter, 3 mm. Width of pronotum,
1% mm.
This beautiful little species was taken at San Esteban,
in April, by Mr. Charles D. Haines.
MACROVELIA HORNII Uhler. One specimen was se-
cured near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus. It is
a common insect in southern California and Arizona.
MESOVELIA BISIGNATA Uhler. Specimens were col-
lected “at Lower Purisima,)in = April, by Mr. -C. D:
Haines.
VELIA STAGNALIS Burm. This Mexican species was
brought from the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus.
RHAGOVELIA OBESA Uhler. Specimens were found
2p SER., VOL. IV. (19 ) June 20, 1894.
290 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
near San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen, and others
were taken near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
SALDIDZ.
SALDA INTERSTITIALIS Say. Specimens were collect-
ed at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
SALDA PALLIPES Fab. One specimen is in the bottle
from San José del Cabo; and there are others in the col-
lectionlabeled)“Calii2).7"
SALDA EXPLANATA Uhler. I have examined specimens
from Lower California, kindly sent to me by Mr. Henry
Edwards. In the collection there are a few specimens
labeled’ Cal.25°
GALGULID&.
GALGULUS OCULATUS Fab. Numerous specimens have
been brought from Cape St. Lucas; and the insect is in
one of the bottles from San José del Cabo, collected by
Dr. Gustav Eisen. This insect inhabits nearly the whole
continent of North America. How such a clumsy and
merely leaping insect could become distributed so gen-
erally, beyond mountain ranges and at various altitudes,
from the tropics to the Laurentian hills, is a mystery not
easy to solve.
GALGULUS VARIEGATUS Guerin. A few species of this
silver-spangled form are included with the others from
Lower California. This does not seem to me as a good
species. It is more clearly marked and a cleaner insect
than the other, but there are varieties which very nearly
connect the extremes of color and marking.
Mononyx sTycGicus Say. One specimen was taken
near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus; others were
secured at San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen, also
at El] Paraiso. On the eastern side of the continent its
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 291
northern limit of distribution is about the latitude of Wil-
mington, N. C. On the Pacific slope it has not yet been
reported from as far north as San Francisco.
NAUCORIDA.
AMBRYSUS SIGNORETII Stal. This is a common species
in Arizona and California, especially in the vicinity of
San Bernardino and Los Angeles. One specimen was
secured at Lower Purisima, in April, by Mr. Charles D.
Haines.
AMBRYSUS PUDICUS Stal. Specimens were collected at
San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen. It occurs also
at Los Angeles and San Bernardino.
PELOCORIS FEMORATA Pal. Beauv. This widely dis-
tributed species was taken at San Ramundo and at San
Ignacio, in April, by Mr. C. D. Haines. It is common
on both sides of the continent, from Canada to Florida,
and from thence into the Antilles and Mexico.
BELOSTOMATIDZE.
BELosTOoMA ANNULIPES H. Schf. A pair of these in-
sects was secured near Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John
Xanthus. Specimens in this collection of the California
Academy were taken in the vicinity of San Francisco.
ZAITHA ANURA H. Schf. Specimens were collected at
San José del Cabo by Dr. Gustav Eisen, and at Cape St.
Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
ZAITHA FUSCIVENTRIS Stal. This common Mexican
species was found at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xan-
thus. Specimens in this collection are labeled ‘Cal. 2.”’
ABEDUS OVATUS Stal. Several specimens were secured
at San José del Cabo and other parts of the peninsula by
Dr. Gustav Eisen; and Comondu, in March, by Mr. C.
D. Haines.
292 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PEDINOCORIS MACRONYX Mayr. A few specimens have
been brought from various parts of Lower California by
different collectors.
SERPHUS DILATATUS Say. Several specimens were se-
cured at Santa Maria and San Fernando, in May, by Mr.
C. D. Haines.
NEPIDZ.
RANATRA QUADRIDENTATA Stal. Several specimens
of this form were taken at San José del Cabo by Dr.
Gustav Eisen; and at Comondu, in March, by Mr. C. D.
Haines.
RANATRA FusCA Pal. Beauv. <A specimen of this spe-
cies was secured at Comondu, in March, by Mr. C. D.
Haines.
NOTONECTID&.
NoTONECTA MEXICANA Am. et Serv. Numerous spec-
imens of several varieties were taken at Comondu and El
Paraiso, in March, April and May, by Mr. C. D. Haines.
NoTONECTA UNDULATA Say. Several specimens of
this insect were collected near Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus. A specimen in the collection is labeled
co Shasta. County, Cal: *
NOTONECTA SHOOTERII N. sp.
Shorter and more robust than JV. zmpressa Fieber, but
not so thick anteriorly as JV. mexicana Amyot; ground
color dull ivory-white, with the scutellum, inner margin
and apex of the clavus, streak near the basal angle of the
corium, posterior half of corium, excepting a triangular
spot on middle of apex, the outer submargin, and the
membrane, omitting a large space next the tip, black.
Head of medium breadth, the face gradually narrowing
towards the lower end of the eyes, wider at base than in
NV. mexicana, and granulated in a space there which is
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 293
carinated on the middle, the occiput bordered with a
thick carinate edge; the inner submargin of the eyes
marked by a line of punctures which terminate in a group
set in an oval fossa near the lower end of the eye; the
clypeus distinctly, obliquely depressed each side of the
ridge-like tylus and sparsely punctate and wrinkled there ;
the basal margin of the eyes almost truncate; the apical
joint of rostrum dark piceous. Pronotum obsoletely im-
pressed across the middle, transversely indented behind
the vertex and remotely punctate there, behind this the
surface is more or less wrinkled; the lateral impressed
submargin punctate, and the margin strongly reflexed
and a little curved, the anterior angle subacuminately
produced; the humeral margin long, a little sinuated.
Scutellum and hemielytra covered with prostrate bronze-
yellow pubescence. Legs greenish yellow, with the nails
and incisures of the joints, the spines, and some minute
specks on the femora and tibia, black; femora and tibiz
with some obscure stripes; the middle coxe and pectoral
segments more or less black. Ventral segments broadly
bordered with black, this color sometimes expands into
spots on the connexivum, and each side of the middle
line.
Length to tip of venter, 8-g mm. Width of pronotum,
44-434 mm.
One specimen was found at San José del Cabo by Dr.
Gustav Eisen. The types were found near San Diego,
October 19, by Mr. Shooter, to whom I take great pleas-
ure in dedicating this species. Specimens have since
been found at Los Angeles by Mr. Coquillett.
ANISOPS ELEGANS Fieber. <A few specimens were col-
lected at Cape St. Lucas by Mr. John Xanthus.
Anisops sp.? A specimen of unusually large size was
taken at Comondu, in March, by Mr. C. D. Haines.
294 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CORISIDZ.
CorRISA ABDOMINALIS Say. This species was found at
Comondu, in March, and at El Paraiso, in May, by Mr.
Cc. Ds Elaines.
CoRISA INSCRIPTA N. sp.
Elongate, with a short head and long, nearly triangular
pronotum, the ground color pale dull testaceous marked
with dark brown very slender short lines in uneven long-
itudinal series. Head highly polished, moderately con-
vex, a little triangularly expanded against the pronotum,
with the occipital submargin linearly impressed, and the
middle acuminate; middle of vertex of female with a few
scattered punctures and a feebly elevated longitudinal
line; face a little hairy, a little depressed in the female,
with the front of vertex correspondingly convex, fossa of
the male ovate, with the narrow end below, occupying
nearly all of the width between the lower end of the eyes
and most of the face. Pronotum highly polished, with
the medial carina barely suggested, the surface convex
and crossed by about fourteen brown slender lines, the
anterior angle with a yellow bare spot, and behind it the
submargin is broadly impressed. The pleural pieces
pale dull yellow, the sternum of the same color, but the
prosternum and a streak outside of the middle coxe black
in the male. Palzw of male short, wide depressed, very
broad-cultrate with the lower margin concave, set with
very long bristles, and an acute tip; pale of female a lit-
tle longer, deeply excavated. Clavus wide and long,
with the yellow bands at base straight, broad and almost
complete, those continuing back form two submarginal
series of more slender wavy, uneven lines; lines of the
corium slender, continuing back in about four wavy
stripes, which continue less regularly upon the mem-
HEMIPTERA OF LOWER CALIFORNIA. 295
brane; costal area dusky on the middle and at tip. Ven-
ter pale dull fulvous, sometimes dusky at tip.
Length to tip of wing-covers, 6,8; 2,8%-9 mm.
Width of pronotum, 2% mm.
Specimens were collected near Cape St. Lucas by Mr.
John Xanthus. Numerous specimens in the collection
of the California Academy are labeled ‘‘Cal. 2.”” The
species is also known to me from specimens collected in
Texas, Orizaba and elsewhere in Mexico, Arizona, New
Mexico and southern Colorado.
CorIsA L&@VIGATA Uhler. A specimen of this common
insect was sent to me by Mr. Henry Edwards, as having
been collected in Lower California. It has been collect-
ed at various places in southern California, as for exam-
ple, San Bernardino, San Diego and Los Angeles; far-
ther north it occurs near San Francisco.
Corisa sp.? One, or perhaps two other, species have
been taken in the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas, but they
were too much damaged to admit of identification.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW LIZARDS FROM
CALIFORNIA AND LOWER CALIFORNIA, WITH
A NOTE ON PHRYNOSOMA BLAINVILLII.
BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH.
PHRYNOSOMA FRONTALIS Sp. Nov.
The long-spined horned toad of California has been
sometimes called Phrynosoma coronatum Blain., some-
times P. bfainvillic Gray. Dr. Stejneger has recently *
called attention to the fact that the latter name only can
be available, the form found at Cape St. Lucas (the type
locality of P. coronatum) being distinct from that of Up-
per California. An examination of a very large series
of horned toads in the museums of the Leland Stanford
Junior University and the California Academy of Sciences,
not only confirms Dr. Stejneger’s position, but shows that
there are in Upper California two distinct species, which
seem never to have been separated. These are: a south-
ern form, occupying San Diego County and extending
into Lower California at least as far as San Tomas, char-
acterized by the convex and almost smooth scales on the
head; anda northern one in which the head scales are
flat and roughened with small granules; both have the
head scales yellow with minute brown dots. In P. coro-
natum the head plates are flat and rough, black or very
dark brown with light edges.
I have learned from Mr. Boulenger, through the kind-
ness of Dr. Gilbert of Stanford University, that the type
of P. dlainvillit has all the characters of the San Diego
form. P. dlainvilliz Gray is, therefore, not a synonym of
P. coronatum Blain., and is the name of the species which
inhabits northern Lower California and San Diego County,
* North American Fauna No. 7, p. 187, 1893.
2p S=R., VoL. IV. July 12, 1894.
THREE NEW LIZARDS. 297
California. Ihave therefore selected one of the north-
ern specimens for my type of P. frontalis.
Description: Adult male (Type No. 93, Leland Stan-
ford Junior University Museum, collected by C. H. Gil-
bert and W. W. Price in Bear Valley, San Benito County,
California, March 31, 1893). Nostril pierced in the
line of the canthus rostralis. Head spines, one occipital,
three large posterior and two smaller anterior temporals,
and one postorbital, on each side; and one small inter-
occipital. The enlarged plates below the infra-labials are
large and pointed, five on each side, the series sometimes
continued backward by small spines. Below the rictus
is a large spine, with a smaller and more pointed one
behind at ihere are’ three or four series of Jjenlarsed,
pointed, gular scales on each side, the exterior of which
are continued back upon the gular folds. <A few of the
scales in front of the occipital spines are convex or
pointed, and those on the temporal regions have ridges
running in the general direction of the temporal spines.
The other head scales are flat, each with numerous
granulations, which are usually darker than the ground
color of the head. There are two groups of spines on
each side of the neck. Two rows of periphero-abdomi-
na] spines are present, the lower series shorter than the
upper and composed of smaller spines. The tail is
bordered with a single row of lateral spines, and has a
small group of very long spines just behind the leg. The
scales on the anterior surfaces of the limbs are large,
pointed and strongly keeled; those on the chest, abdo-
men and proximal half of the ventral surface of the tail
are smooth, but those on the terminal portion of the tail
are keeled. Tympanum naked. Femoral pores sixteen.
Color above yellowish-white with large brown blotches,
largest on nape. Chest and belly bright gamboge-yellow,
298 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
mottled with gray and dusky. Gular regions paler yel-
lowish-white, mixed with dark gray; the larger scales
with bright yellow tips.
Length, 142 mm.; head; 21 mm..'; hind) leo, 60 mimes;
fore leg, 45 mm.; tail, 52 mm.
Habitat: Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, Monterey and San
Benito counties, and near Lemoore, Kings County, Cal-
ifornia.
There is great individual variation in the color of the
specimens before me. This is perhaps explained, at
least in part, by the fact that a live specimen changed its
colors considerably in the course of a very few minutes.
This was particularly well marked upon the chest and
belly, which changed, in about three minutes, from a
bright yellow with numerous slate colored spots, to a yel-
low of a slightly lighter hue from which the black spots
had entirely disappeared.
UTA MICROSCUTATA Sp. nov.
Two specimens of Uta from Lower California, while
manifestly related to U. nigricauda, as shown by the
presénce of a single frontal, the general style of the dor-
sal lepidosis, and the coloration, differ so much from that
species (by the small size of the dorsal scales, the very
gradual change from the largest dorsal scales to the
granular laterals, the blue instead of orange gular patch
in the male) as to make their separation imperative.
Description: Adult male (Type, No. 1221, Leland
Stanford Junior University Museum, collected by J. M.
Stowell, in the San Pedro Martir Mts., Lower California,
June 20 or 21, 1893). A-single frontal; four large supra-
oculars; one large and two small projecting scales on the
anterior border of the ear. The largest dorsal scales are
along the median line, on each side of which they be-
come gradually smaller, until a granular form is assumed
THREE NEW LIZARDS. 299
at a distance varying from four to seven rows of scales
from the median line. Thirty-four of the largest dorsal
scales equal the length of the shielded part of the head.
A slight dermal fold extends from above the thigh to
near the upper end of the oval ear-opening. There is a
strong gular fold, edged with rounded scales which are
slightly larger than those just in front. The dorsal and
posterior surfaces of the thighs, and the posterior surfaces
of the arms, are finely granular. The other portions of
the limbs are covered with scales, which are smooth on
the ventral surfaces of the thighs, legs, arms and fore-
arms, but keeled elsewhere. Scales on ventral parts of
body smooth. Scales on back of tail much larger than
those below, both strongly keeled. Femoral pores, four-
teen on the left side, thirteen on the right. Enlarged
post-anal plates present.
Color sooty black, slightly paler below. Back with a
few irregularly-scattered light spots, and with nine pairs
of faintly-marked vertebral bars of a deeper black.
Chest and belly indigo; chin and throat azure; pre- and
post-anal regions tinged with azure.
Length of head and body, 45 mm.; of tail, 84 mm.;
of hind leg, 31 mm.; of fore leg, 21 mm. ; of hind foot,
13 mm.; of shielded part of head, ro mm.; of head to
posterior border of ear, 11 mm. Depth of head, 6 mm.;
its greatest width, 8 mm.
Adult female (No. 1222, Leland Stanford Junior Uni-
versity Museum, collected by J. M. Stowell in the San
Pedro Martir Mts., Lower California, June 20 or 21,
1893). Differs from male in having thirty-two instead
of thirty-four dorsal scales equal to the shielded part of
head, and in having fifteen femoral pores. The general
color is slaty gray, almost white below. Back with dark
markings as in male. A gular patch of lemon yellow.
300 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CNEMIDOPHORUS STEJNEGERI Sp. nov.
Cnemidophori from northern Lower California and
from San Diego County, California, present much the
general appearance of C. ¢égrzs undulatus (Hallowell).
They differ from that form in having the dorsal scales
smaller, the gular scales and the scales on the collar
larger, and in the presence of large and well-defined
black spots on the gular region. From C. ¢zgris B. & G.
they differ by character of the scales as above indicated,
by the absence of the slate-colored suffusion on the gular
regions, and by the well-defined black markings on the
sides of the head.
As shown by Dr. Stejneger,* C. t2grzs is the desert
form found in eastern California as far south as the
Mojave Desert, in southern Idaho, in Nevada, and in,
Utah. C. tagr?s undulatus inhabits the western slopes of
the Sierras, and is also found on the western side of the
interior valley of California, as is shown by specimens in
the Museum of the Leland Stanford Junior University
from Kelseyville, in Lake County, and from Los Gatos,
Santa Clara County.
I take pleasure in dedicating this new form to Dr.
Leonard Stejneger, who has recently made such impor-
tant additions to our knowledge of Californian herpet-
ology.
Description: Adult male (Type, No. 1061, Leland
Stanford Junior University Museum, collected by J. M.
Stowell between San Rafael and Ensenada, Lower Cali-
fornia, June 8, 1893). Nostril anterior to nasal suture;
three parietals; two fronto-parietals; four supra-oculars;
six superciliaries; nasal not reaching second superior
labial; post-nasal in contact with both first and second
“North American Fauna. No. 7, p. 201, 1893.
THREE NEW LIZARDS. 301
superior labials. Posterior gular scales rather large, ab-
ruptly separated from the very large and convex anterior
gulars. Plates of collar very large, but smaller along its
edge. Ventral plates in eight longitudinal rows. Back,
neck and upper surfaces of limbs covered with very
small, smooth, convex granules. Five rows of brachial
plates; three rows of antebrachials; no post-antebrachial
plates. Femoral plates in seven rows. Twenty and
twenty-two femoral pores. Scales on tail large, oblique,
slightly pointed, and with strong diagonal keels.
Color, above yellowish-brown posteriorly, becoming
grayish towards head, paler on sides; with nine longitu-
dinal rows of very irregular black spots. Upper surface
of limbs similarly marked. Black markings on sides of
head and neck and on gular region large and well defined.
Lower surfaces creamy white, maculated with black.
Length, 343.mm.; head, 26 mm.; hind leg, 70 mm.;
fORe ering y mum. 3 tail 252:
Habitat: Northwestern Lower California, and San
Diego County, California.
Twelve other specimens collected by Mr. Stowell at
the type locality, at San Telmo, and in the foothills of
the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower California, do
not differ from the type in any important particular. The
number of femoral pores varies from nineteen to twenty-
five, of brachial plates from four to five rows and of ante-
brachials from two to three rows.
Forty-one specimens from San Diego County, Califor-
nia (collected in Santa Ysabel, Clogston’s and Hemet
Valleys; at San Jacinto and in the Julian Mountains, by
Messrs. Hyatt and Stoddard), are essentially like those
from Lower California, but average slightly paler in gen-
eral coloration.
THE COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA.
BY GEORGE H. HORN.
Our earliest knowledge of the Coleoptera of the Penin-
sula of California was obtained from a collection made
by John Xantus de Vesey during 1859 and 1860, which,
after its deposit in the Smithsonian Institution, was divided
between Mr. H. Ulke and Dr. J. L.. LeConte. The
series was said to contain about 500 species, of which
Dr. LeConte admits having seen 114. It is highly prob-
able that Xantus greatly overestimated the species col-
lected as the accompanying list is less than 700, many of
which are new.
A few years later a small collection was made by the
late W. M. Gabb, who, with some associates of the Geo-
logical Survey of California, visited parts of the penin-
sula. Unfortunately the localities from which this col-
lection was obtained were not specified, although many
are now ascertained through the collection under con-
sideration.
No definite localities are known for the Xantus collec-
tions and all the species heretofore described are stated to
be from Cape St. Lucas. It is now determinable that
this material was obtained in the region between San José
del Cabo and La Paz.
The collection submitted to me by the California Acad-
emy of Sciences is by far the largest aggregate of material
from Baja California submitted for scientific study and
includes within five per cent. all the species known to
have occurred in that region, together with a good num-
ber of new forms and some hitherto known only from the
adjacent mainland of Mexico. To the expeditions from
the Academy in the last five years we are indebted for
this increase of our knowledge of the coleopterous fauna
2D SER., Vou. IV. August 3, 1894.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 303
of the region, the most important series being that col-
lected in 1893 in the region around San José del Cabo
by Dr. Gustav Eisen.
The present study enabled me to confirm the views ex-
pressed by Messrs. Baird, Cope and LeConte, and, at
the same time, to correlate details of distribution so that
we come more nearly in accord with the botanical indica-
tions.
It seems to me unnecessary to repeat the geographical
details of the peninsula, as they have been so clearly
demonstrated by Mr. Brandegee in vol. ii of these Pro-
ceedings. In order that remarks to be made in this paper
may be understood without reference to those of Mr.
Brandegee, it may be stated that the peninsula is a nar-
row strip of land about 700 miles long, running in a south-
southeasterly direction from the southern boundary of
California, varying greatly in width, although in a general
way narrowing from north to south. Through the axis
runs a chain of mountains of a general elevation of 3,000
to 4,000 feet, The western slope is bordered by the
Pacific Ocean, the eastern by the Gulf of California.
I have had occasion to note in speaking of the fauna
of Guadalupe Island that the cold arctic current, which
skirts the western shore of the North American conti-
nent, tends to render the insect fauna of the coast region —
very nearly uniform as far south as Point Conception,
where the bluff coast and the rather abrupt eastern trend
of the coast line deflect the current, or rather the coast
recedes from the current, the climate becomes warmer
and many interior species reach the coast. The western
coast of the peninsula continues the general trend of the
coast line from Santa Barbara, so that no portion of it
seems to come within the influence of the Arctic current.
On the eastern or gulf coast, the mountains and foothills
304 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
approach the water and the entire region is comparatively
barren with but few springs or water holes and is not un-
like many parts of Arizona.
The most interesting and characteristic part of the
peninsula is that called appropriately the Cape Region
and which Mr. Brandegee defines as follows: ‘*‘ By the
‘Cape Region’ is meant that part of the peninsula south
[east] of a line drawn along the northern [western] base
of the mountains from Todos Santos to La Paz.’ The
brackets in the above quotation are my own, as the maps
show that the line from Todos Santos to La Paz is a
north and south line.
As might be inferred, the coleopterous fauna of the
San Diego region extends southward along the ocean
side of the peninsula, with no striking admixture of spe-
cies new or foreign to it. There are, however, long
reaches of the coast region not yet visited.
From the northern end of the peninsula, nearly mid-
way between the gulf and sea coasts and about roo miles
south of the political boundary line of California, an in-
teresting series of 65 species has been sent me from the
region of the San Pedro Martir Mountains, showing a
very decided relationship with the fauna of the regions of
Los Angeles and Santa Barbara.
The fauna of the gulf coast region indicates a decided
relationship with and in fact is a continuation of the fauna
of Arizona and the Colorado Desert, quite a number of
the species extending to the lower Rio Grande of Texas,
and a few species have been recognized as identical with
those of the northern states of Mexico.
The Cape Region is by far the most interesting and
peculiar, from the fact that we have the greatest number
of new forms with a decidedly tropical aspect and rela-
tionship. This region could be excluded from the Boreal
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 305
American fauna and be considered as belonging to that
of Central America.
Although politically a portion of the Republic of Mex-
ico, the editors of Biologia Centrali-Americana have not
considered the region as properly within their province by
reason of the strong claims made for it as a part of the
faunal region of our southwest.
The following pages consist of two distinct parts—a
catalogue of all the species known to me as having been
collected in Baja California, followed by descriptions of
new species or comments on new occurrences.
The catalogue is a systematic one, following the order
of the families of our most recent lists. Following each
species is a list of localities, giving the general distribu-
tion as far as known to me, and in each case the special
localities as given by the collectors. A certain number
of species are from unknown localities; those of the
Xantus series are quoted as from ‘‘Cabo San Lucas.”’
In the case of a few in Mr. Ulke’s cabinet, and not else-
where represented, they are quoted ‘‘ Baja California
(Ulke).’’ The greater part of the latter are doubtless
from the Cape Region, but species are among them col-
lected south of San Diego.
The descriptive part contains descriptions of new spe-
cies. The names appear in their proper places in the
list, but the descriptions have been separated, so that the
catalogue will not be broken up irregularly.
By the kind permission of the Publication Committee
of the Academy, I have added descriptions of a number
of new species either from adjacent regions or by reason
of their relationship to those included by right in the
paper.
I must at this time acknowledge the assistance render-
ed by Mr. H. Ulke of Washington, in completing the
2p SeErR., Vou. IV. ( 20 ) August 3, 1894.
306 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
enumeration of the species collected by Xantus and not
otherwise recorded.
Of the localities referred to the following are in the
Cape Region of Baja California: San José del Cabo,
Cabo San Lucas, La Paz, Pescadero; Todos Santos:
Santa Anita, Miraflores, La Joya, La Chuparosa, Coral
de Piedras, Sierra Laguna, Sierra E] Chinche, Sierra
El Taste, San Francisquito, Santo Domingo del Taste.
The following places are in Baja California north of
the Cape Region: Magdalena Bay, Patrocinio, El Rosa-
rio, Comondu, Calmalli Mines, Calamajuet, San Estaban,
Baja Purisima, San Julio, El Paraiso, San Quintin, San
Luis, San Raymundo, San Borja, San Fernando, Santa
Maria, San Ignacio, Guadalupe Island, San Jorge, San
Pedro Martir, San José de Gracia, Santa Margarita Is-
land, El Rancho Viejo.
CICINDELID@.
TETRACHA CAROLINA Linn. Atlantic and Gulf coasts
of United States and Mexico, west coast of Mexico;
Baja California, from Fort Yuma to San José del Cabo.
CICINDELA LATESIGNATA Lec. San Diego, Cal., south
to San Quintin.
CICINDELA TRIFASCIATA Fab. (szgmozdea Lec.) Florida
to Texas and Arizona, southern California. Baja Cal-
ifornia (LeConte).
CICINDELA PUSILLA Say. Montana and Dakota west-
ward to Owens Valley, Cal., and southward. San Pedro
Martir Mountains.
CICINDELA HAMORRHAGICA Lec. San Diego, Cal.,
extending in a general northerly direction to the head-
waters of the Yellowstone, and along the Pacific coast of
the peninsula to El Rosario. Very variable.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 307
CrcinDELA Henrzi Dej. This with 76-pwnctata, ru fi-
ventris and cumatilis apparently constitute one species
with variation similar to the preceding. It occurs from
Massachusetts in a general southwesterly direction to
Utah, Texas and Arizona; in the peninsula at San José
del Cabo.
CICINDELA PRETEXTATA Lec. New Mexico, Texas,
Arziona; in peninsula at San José del Cabo.
CICINDELA LEMNISCATA Lec.. Texas, Arizona; in the
peninsula at San José del Cabo and La Paz.
CARABIDZ.
CALOSOMA PROMINENS Lec. Western Arizona, south-
ern Mojave region, northern Sonora. El Taste.
CALOSOMA PEREGRINATOR Guer. (carbonatum Lec.)
New Mexico, Arizona, southern California, northern and
middle Mexico. El Taste.
SCARITES SUBTERRANEUS Fab. var. CALIFORNICUS Lec.
From Texas, whence Chaudoir has called it texanus,
through Arizona, southern California. Comondu.
SCHIZOGENIUS PLURIPUNCTATUS Lec. Fort Yuma and
vicinity. San Julio and Patrocinio. This species is re-
markable in the large number of lateral thoracic sete, two
being the usual number.
SCHIZOGENIUS DEPRESSuS Lec. Riverside, Ariz.:
Fort Yuma, Cal. San Esteban.
CLIVINA FERREA Lec. Illinois, Texas, Arizona. San
José del Cabo, El Taste.
Panac@us SALLEI Chd. Camp Grant, Ariz., south-
ward to Jalapa, Mex. El Taste, Sierra El Chinche.
These specimens have the black transverse band of elytra
darker than the Arizona specimens.
308 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PACHYTELES TESTACEUS Horn. Camp Grant, Amz:
El] Chinche 2,000 feet.
PACHYTELES PARCA Lec. Arizona. Sierra El Chinche
and San José del Cabo.
Morio GEoRGL® Beauv. Gulf States, Arizona, extend-
ing through Mexico to South America and Antilles.
Pescadero and Sierra El] Chinche 2,000 feet.
BEMBIDIUM MEXICANUM De}. zevadense Ulke. Oregon,
Nevada, California, Utah, Arizona, southward to Guate-
malas lla baz. Ll baste:
BEMBIDIUM LUGUBRE Lec. stabzle Lec. This species
is probably merely a concolorous form of eroswm Motsch.
(Mannerheimii Lec.). Colorado, Utah, Arizona, south-
ern California. Patrocinio.
BEMBIDIUM FLAVoPICTUM Motsch. (pictum). Region
west of Mississippi River from Alaska to Arizona. Co-
mondu.
BEMBIDIUM NUBICULOSUM Chd. J/aticolle Lec. Ari-
zona, Fort Yuma, Cal. Comondu and Baja Purisima.
BEMBIDIUM DUBITANS Lec. Owens Valley and south-
ward. Cabo San Lucas.
TacuHys corAx Lec. Utah, Texas, Arizona. San José
del Cabo.
TacHuys vorRAx Lec. New Mexico, Texas, Owens
Valley and southward, California, Arizona. San José del
Cabo.
Tacuys aupAx Lec. Owens Valley and southward,
California. San José del Cabo.
PTEROSTICHUS PROTRACTUS Lec. Colorado, Utah, Ne-
vada, middle California. San Pedro Martir.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 309
Prerosticuus Hornu Lec. Fort Yuma, Cal. San
José del Cabo.
PTEROSTICHUS suBCORDATUS Lec. New Mexico, Ari-
zona, Fort Yuma, Cal. § La Paz.
PTEROSTICHUS SPLENDIDULUS Lec. Fort Yuma, Cal.
Pescadero.
AMARA JAcoBIN& Lec. Provo, Utah, Arizona, San
Diego, Cal. San Pedro Martir.
AMARA CALIFORNICA Dej. Oregon southward to Ari-
zona. San Pedro Martir.
CALATHUS QUADRICOLLIS Lec. Vancouver Island,
through California to Arizona. San Pedro Martir.
PLATYNUS BRUNNEOMARGINATUS Mann. Vancouver
southward to Arizona. La Joya.
PLATYNUS EXTENSICOLLIS Say. Widely distributed
east of Rocky Mountains, Arizona, California. San José
del Cabo. :
PLATYNUS CALIFoRNICUS Dej. Oregon and Washing-
ton, southward through Nevada and Arizona. San José
del Cabo.
PLATYNUS cyANoPIS Bates. Arizona below Tubac,
extending southward to Mexico City. San Julio.
PLATYNUS FUNEBRIS Lec. California, principally
southern. El Paraiso.
PLATYNUS MACULICOLLIS Lec. Widely distributed in
California. San Pedro Martir.
PLATYNUS FOSSIGER Dej. Oregon southward. San
Pedro Martir.
ANCHONODERUS APICALIS n. sp. El Taste and Sierra
Laguna.
310 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CASNONIA PENNSYLVANICA Linn. Widely distributed
over the entire United States. Coral de Piedra, La Paz
and San José del Cabo.
TETRAGONODERUS FASCIATUS Hald. Atlantic States
to Texas, Arizona and southern California. Cabo San
Lucas. The specimens from the last three regions have
the thorax slightly opaque and have been described under
the name wnrdulatus Lec.
CALLIDA RUGICOLLIS n. sp. Coral de Piedra, Sierra
El] Taste, Pescadero and San José del Cabo.
CALLIDA DECORA Fab. Florida to Texas. San José
del Cabo.
LEBIA GRANDIS Hentz. Widely distributed over the
Atlantic States, from Massachuetts southward to.Texas
and west to Colorado, Arizona. Sierra El Chinche.
LEBIA MAJUSCULA Chd. Western Texas, Arizona. San
José del Cabo and El Taste.
LEBIA TESTACEA Lec. Texas. San José del Cabo.
LeBI1A ANALIS Dej. Middle States to Texas. Coral
de Piedra, Sierra El Taste, Pescadero.
APRISTUS LATICOLLIS: leec. ‘Oreson; California, Utal:
San José del Cabo.
APRISTUS SUBCYANEUS n. sp. Baja California, locality
unknown.
PLOcHIONUS TIMIDUS Hald. Pennsylvania, Texas,
California. San José del Cabo.
PINACODERA SULCIPENNIS Horn. La Paz.
PINACODERA SEMISULCATA Horn. With the preceding.
APENES NEBULOSA Lec. Camp Grant and Tucson,
Ariz. San José del Cabo.
Se
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA’ CALIFORNIA. CHE
PENTAGONICA PICTICORNIS Bates. Differs from jpa/-
/ipes in its more oval elytra and by the pale elytral border
being less sharply defined and becoming gradually broader
toward the humeri. The under side of the body may
be entirely piceous as in fadl/zfes or the abdomen alone.
In both species joints 2-3-4 of the antenna are conspic-
uously pale, the first joint partly piceous. Camp Grant,
Ariz. El Taste. Guatemala (Bates).
BRACHYNUS LATERALIS Dej. Missouri southward,
Wexas, Arizona, Fort Yuma, Cals) San jose del Cabo.
BRACHYNUS FIDELIS Lec. Texas, Arizona. El Taste
and La Chuparosa.
BracHynus TSCHERNIKHIU Mann. Widely distributed
in California. San José del Cabo.
BRACHYNUS CARINULATUS Muls. Utah, California,
Arizona. El] Paraiso.
CHLANIUS CURSOR Chev. Southern California. Pes-
cadero.
CHLANIUS CUMATILIS Lec. Yuma, Cal. San Este-
ban and San Julio.
CHLANIUS LEUCOSCELIS Chev. Utah, Arizona. El
Taste.
CHLANIUS OBSOLETUS Lec. Southern California,
Arizona. El Paraiso and San José del Cabo.
CHLNIUS VARIABILIPES Esch. Southern California.
Baja California (Ulke).
CHLANIUS TRICOLOR Dej. Widely distributed in At-
lantic region to Texas, Arizona. La Chuparosa.
SELENOPHORUS PEDICULARIUS Dej. Illinois to Texas,
Colorado, Arizona. El Taste.
312 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
SELENOPHORUS PALLIATUS Fab. Florida to Texas and
Arizona. San José del Cabo.
STENOLOPHUS OCHROPEZUS Say. Widely distributed
in the Atlantic region, Arizona and southern California.
San José del Cabo.
TACHYCELLUS NEBULOSUS Lec. Texas, Baja Califor-
nia (Ulke).
TACHYCELLUS NITIDUS Dej. British Columbia south-
ward to Arizona. San José del Cabo and La Chuparosa.
This species occurs also in Mexico from Orizaba south-
ward, whence it is called odsoletus Say.
BRADYCELLUS RUPESTRIS Say. Variable in color and
slightly in form. Known to me from every portion of
Boreal America, except Alaska and the Hudson Bay
region. La Chuparosa.
BRADYCELLUS RIVALIS Lec. Texas, Arizona, south-
ern California. San Esteban.
BRADYCELLUS COGNATUS Gyll. Oregon, Washington,
Utah, Colorado. San Pedro Martir.
ANISOTARSUS FLEBILIS Lec. Cabo San Lucas and San
José del Cabo.
ANISOTARSUS BREVICOLLIS Chd. Southern Arizona.
Mexico from Coahuila to Jalapa. La Chuparosa.
ANISOTARSUS MEXICANUS De}. (Anzsodactylus arizone
Casey) extends from southern Arizona to Panama. El
Taste and San Francisquito.
ANISODACTYLUS CONSOBRINUS Lec. Widely distributed
in California, especially southward. San Pedro Martir.
ANISODACTYLUS POROSUS Mols. var. RUDIS Lec. From
northern California southward, Nevada, New Mexico.
San Pedro Martir.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 31
io)
HALIPLIDZ.
CNEMIDOTUS SIMPLEX Lec. Southern California. San
José del Cabo.
DYTISCIDA.
HypROcANTHUS IRICOLOR Say. Illinois to Texas,
Mexico. Santa Anita.
Hyprovatus MAjor Shp. Guatemala. Santa Anita.
The identification is not certain. The description is so
very brief as to make comparison necessary.
CANTHYDRUS LINEATUS Horn. Collected by Mr. Gabb
in Baja California. Special locality unknown.
LACCOPHILUS DECIPIENS Lec. Vancouver southward.
Baja California (Gabb).
Laccopuitus pictus Lap. Mexico from Puebla to
Guatemala. Baja California (Gabb).
LACCOPHILUS TERMINALIS Shp. Texas, Fort Yuma,
Guanajuato, Mexico. Baja California (Gabb).
DESMOPACHRIA DISPERSA Cr. Texas, Arizona. Baja
California.
BIpESsuUS CINCTELLUS Lec. Southern California, Riv-
erside, Ariz. Baja California (Gabb).
BrwEssus AFFINIS Say. Widely distributed. Vermont
to Oregon, California, Arizona. Baja California (Gabb).
BIDESSUS AMANDUS Lec. Southern California and
Arizona. San Esteban.
HypRoporus FUNEREuS Cr. Baja California.
Hyproporus ADpDENDUs Cr. Arizona. Baja Calitor-
nia.
Hyproporus vitis Lec. Washington, Oregon, Cali-
fornia, Arizona. La Joya.
314 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CcELAMBUS MEDIALIS Lec. ‘Texas, Arizona, south-
ern California. San Ignacio, Comondu and La Joya.
DERONECTES STRIATELLUS Lec. Colorado, Oregon,
California. San Francisquito.
CopPpELATUS CHEVROLATII Aubé. Oklahoma, Texas.
Baja California.
ILYBIOSOMA REGULARIS Lec. Southern California. La
Chuparosa.
ERETEs sticticus Ling. Almost cosmopolitan in dis-
tribution. Texas, Coahuila, Mexico, southern California.
Cabo San Lucas:
RHANTUS ATRICOLOR Aubé. Texas, Arizona, Upper
Mexico. El] Taste and San Francisquito.
RHANTUS FLAVOGRISEUS Crotch. Idaho, California,
Arizona. Comondu and Guadalupe Island.
RHANTUS BINOTATUS Harris. Widely distributed from
H. B. T. southward. San Esteban.
HypDATICUS STAGNALIS Fab. Very variable in colora-
tion. Illinois westward to Vancouver, thence southward
through California. San José del Cabo.
THERMONECTES MARMORATUS Hope. Texas, Arizona,
Mexico, Jalapa to Honduras. Cabo San Lucas and San
José del Cabo.
THERMONECTES PENINSULARIS n. sp. San José . del
Cabo.
MEGADYTES FRATERNUS Sharp. I have very little
doubt of the correctness of the reference of the peninsu-
lar specimens to this species. ‘The males have the ante-
rior tarsi broadly dilated and without any large cupules;
the smaller cupules are arranged in two transverse series.
The female elytra are ormamented with closely-placed
COLEOPTERA OF: BAJA CALIFORNIA. 315
elongate or scratchy punctures, except at apex and along
the lateral margin.
In its facies this species superficially resembles our
Dytiscus fasciventris, but beneath is entirely dark chest-
nut brown. Occurs in the Antilles, San Domingo,
Demerara, South America, Guatemala. Cabo San Lucas
and San José del Cabo.
CYBISTER ELLIPTICUS Lec. Southern California,
Yuma and vicinity. Cabo San Lucas (fide Ulke.)
GYRINIDZ.
DINEUTES SUBLINEATUS Aubé. Texas, Arizona, Mex-
ico from Coahuila to Nicaragua. Cabo San Lucas.
GYRINUS PLICIFER Lec. Middle California. southward
to Arizona. La Chuparosa.
GyYRINUS PARCUS Lec. Oklahoma, Texas, Mexico to
Nicaragua. La Chuparosa.
HYDROPHILIDA.
HELOPHORUS OBSCURUS Lec. Oregon and. California
southward. San Pedro Martir.
EPpIMEToPuS cosTATus Lec. Texas. San José del
Cabo.
OCHTHEBIUS INTERRUPTUS Lec. Vancouver, Colorado,
mrzona. Comondu.
HyDROPHILUS INSULARIS Cast. Texas, southern Cali-
fornia, Mexico, Guatemala, Yucatan, Antilles.
It is possible that ¢77angular’s Say and ater Fab. may
occur in the peninsula.
TROPISTERNUS LIMBALIS Lec. Oregon, California,
Utah, Arizona. Cabo San Lucas.
316 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
TROPISTERNUS LATERALIS Fab. (nzmbatus Say).
Widely distributed in the Atlantic region to Texas,
through the Antilles and Mexico to South America. San
José del Cabo. The synonymy is on the authority of Dr.
Sharp, who states that the species is very variable in the
extent of the yellow border, as shown by specimens from
the southern regions.
TROPISTERNUS ELLIPTICUS Lec. Utah, Texas, Cali-
fornia, Arizona. San José del Cabo.
TROPISTERNUS CALIFORNICUS Lec. Oregon, Colorado,
Utah, Calitornia. “Caboisan Lucas.
TROPISTERNUS NITENS Cast. Mexico from Oaxaca
south to Brazil. San Pedro Martir.
TROPISTERNUS APICIPALPIS Chev. Mexico from Ja-
lapa to Costa Rica. Cabo San Lucas.
HypDROCHARIS GLAUCUS Lec. Southern California to
Arizona. San Luis.
BrERosus RuGULOSUS Horn. Arizona. San José del
Cabo.
BEROSUS MILES Lec. Texas. Cabo San Lucas.
LaccosBius ELLIPTIcus Lec. Oregon, California, Ari-
Zona. oan Pedro Martir and Cabo oan Lucas:
PHILHYDRUS NEBULOSUS Say, var. CRISTATUS Lec.
This species is distributed from Canada to Texas, Ari-
zona and California. La Joya, San Ignacio.
HELOCHARES NORMATUS Lec. Southern California
and Arizona. Baja Purisima and Cabo San Lucas.
CyMBIODYTA DORSALIS Mots. Southern California.
San Pedro Martir.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 307
CRENIPHILUS INFUSCATUS Mots. Lake Superior region
westward to Oregon and south to San Diego. San Pedro
Martir.
CRENIPHILUS SUTURALIS Lec. Maryland to Texas.
San José del Cabo, San Esteban and Comondu.
PHANONOTUM EXTRIATUM Say. Illinois, Florida,
Louisiana, Texas. Comondu.
SILPHIDA.
SILPHA RAMOSA Say. Oregon, California, Utah, Ne-
braska, New Mexico. San Pedro Martir.
STAPHYLINIDZ.
MASEOCHARA VALIDA Lec. Southern California and
Arizona. San José del Cabo.
ALAOCHARA NITIDA Grav. Common in Europe and
widely distributed in North America. Calmalli Mines.
ALAOCHARA SULCICOLLIS Mann. California. Cabo
San Lucas.
GyYROPHANA sp. indet. Santo Domingo del Taste.
HoMALOTA sp. indet. San José del Cabo.
STAPHYLINUS SAPHYRINUS Lec. California, from north
to Fort Yuma. San José del Cabo.
STAPHYLINUS LUCANUS n. sp. La Chuparosa.
XANTHOPYGUS cacTI Horn. Camp Grant, Ariz. La
Chuparosa.
BELONUCHUS EPHIPPIATUS Say. Texas, Arizona. Cabo
San Lucas.
BELONUCHUS XANTHOMELAS Solsky. Dr. Sharp (Biol.
Cent. Am., vol. i, pt. 2, p. 417) places this species in
Philonthus, from the absence of spines on the hind fem-
318 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF .SCIENCES.
ora. My specimens vary in this respect: the spines may ~
be present or not, or there may be one or two on one
femur and none on the other. The difference between
Belonuchus and Philonthus is at most very slight. Oc-
curs in Arizona and northern Mexico. Cabo San Lucas
and San Francisquito.
PHILONTHUS FLAVOLIMBATUS Erichs. Gulf States,
Arizona. Cabo San Lucas.
PuiLontruus pouitus Linn. (@neus Rossi). Abundant
in Europe and Boreal America. San José del Cabo.
PHILONTHUS INSTABILIS Horn. Wyoming, Colorado,
Utah, Mojave, Cal. La Chuparosa.
PHILONTHUS ALUMNUS Erichs. In its different vari-
eties distributed on the Atlantic and Gulf regions, An-
tilles, Mexico, Texas, Arizona. San José del Cabo.
PHILONTHUS QUADRULUS Horn. Arizona. Cabo San
Lweas.
ACTOBIUS P4ZIDEROIDES Lec. Utah, Texas, California,
Arizona. San José del Cabo.
ACTOBIUS ELEGANTULUS Horn. Southern California,
Arizona. Cabo San Lucas.
CaFIus SULCICOLLIS Lec. Southern California, near
San Diego. Magdalena Island.
Carius opacus Lec. Southern California, sea coast.
Baja California (LeConte. )
XANTHOLINUS CEPHALUS Say. Canada to Washington,
Nevada, Colorado, Utah, California. San Julio.
STENUS LUCULENTUS Cas. Stockton, Cal. La Chup-
arosa.
CRYPTOBIUM ARIZONENSE Horn. ‘Tucson, Ariz. San
Esteban.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 319
LATHROBIUM LITUARIUM Lec. Arizona. San José del
Cabo.
LiTHOCHARIS sp. indet. San José del Cabo.
Stiticus TrRisTis Mels. Middle States to Arizona.
Pescadero.
P4DERUS FEMORALIS Lec. Southern California, Ar-
izona. - Gabo San Lucas.
PZDERUS GRANDIS Aust. Cabo San: Lucas. Mr.
Austin is in error in his localities.
PLATYSTETHUS AMERICANUS Erichs. Widely distrib-
uted in the Atlantic region, Texas, Arizona, southern
California. San José del Cabo.
Buepius sp. indet. Belongs to the anxnularis group.
San José del Cabo.
SCAPHIDIID.
SCAPHISOMA APICALE n. sp. La Chuparosa.
SCAPHISOMA PENINSULARE n. sp. Sierra Laguna.
PHALACRIDZ.
PHALACRUS OVALIS Lec. Nevada, California to Fort
Yuma. San Jorge.
STILBuS oBTusus? Lec. Los Angeles, southward.
Comondu.
CORYLOPHID2.
SACIUM AMABILE Lec. Arizona. Coral de Piedra,
Sierra El Taste.
COCCINELLIDZ.
MEGILLA MACULATA DeGeer. Widely distributed in
Boreal America. San José del Cabo.
HrpPpoDAMIA CONVERGENS Guér. Widely distributed
_in the west, Canada, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Cal-
ifornia. El] Paraiso.
320 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CYCLONEDA SANGUINEA Linn. Europe and North
America. Comondu.
CYCLONEDA ABDOMINALIS Say. Kansas, Nebraska,
Texas, California. Calmalli Mines and E] Paraiso.
CYCLONEDA OCULATA Fab. Kansas, Texas, Oregon,
California. El Paraiso:
THALASSA MONTEZUMZ Muls. Mexico. San José del
Cabo. Thalassa is not considered distinct from Menos-
celis by recent authors.
HyPERASPIS UNDULATA Say. Eastern United States,
Montana to Texas, California. El Taste.
PsyLLOBORA TDATA Lec. Oregon,southward through
Californiaand Arizona. The P. v7g7ntimaculata, of which
tedata is probably merely a variety, is widely distributed
in the Eastern States. La Chuparosa and Baja Puris-
ima.
EpILACHNA CORRUPTA Muls. Colorado, New Mexico,
Texas, Arizona, extending into’ Mexico. ‘San Jose del
Cabo.
ScyMNus sp. indet. Resembling cod/arzs and caudalis.
Calmalli Mines and El Paraiso.
EROTYLIDZ.
LANGURITES LINEATUS Lap. Arizona, Mexico. Pes-
cadero.
COLYDHDA.
DiroMa sutcaATaA Lec. Camp Grant, Ariz.” Sangles
nacio.
SosyYLus DENTIGER Horn. El Taste. Santo Domingo,
West Indies.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 321
CUCUJIDZ.
SILVANUS SURINAMENSIS Linn. Distributed by com-
merce almost everywhere.
CATHARTUS ADVENA Walbl. Also widely spread.
SCALIDIA LINEARIS Lec. Texas, Arizona. San José
del Cabo.
LA4MOPHLZUS CEPHALOTES Lec. Southern Califor-
nia. San José del Cabo.
MYCETOPHAGID.
TypHa@a ruMATA Linn. Widely spread by commerce.
San José del Cabo.
LITARGUS BALTEATUS Lec. Colorado, Texas, Arizo-
na, southern California. Comondu, San Luis and San
Jose del ‘Cabo.
Bereinus PpumiLus Lec. Fort Yuma, Cal. Marga-
rita Island.
DERMESTID.
DERMESTES VULPINUS Fab. Cosmopolitan.
DERMESTES FRiscHit Kug. Europe; coast of New
Jersey. San José del Cabo and Comondu.
DemestEes MANNERHEIMII Lec. California. San Ig-
nacio.
ATTAGENUS Hornil Jayne. Utah, Texas, Arizona,
California. Comondu.
TROGODERMA STERNALE Jayne. New Mexico, Texas,
Arizona, California. Calmalli Mines.
TROGODERMA ORNATUM Say. Canada to California.
Calmalli Mines.
CRYPTORHOPALUM HASMORRHOIDALE Lec. Colorado,
Texas, Arizona. El] Paraiso and Comondu.
2p SER., VoL. IV. ( 21 ) August 3, 1894.
322 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ANTHRENUS SCROPHULARL# Linn. var. LEPIpUS Lec.
Widely distributed in Europe and North America, and
very variable. San Julio.
HISTERIDZ.
HoLOLEPTA YUCATECA Mars. Yucatan and northward
in Mexico, Texas, Arizona, southern California. Sierra
El] Chinche (2,000 feet). The male has recently been
redescribed as fervalida by Blaisdell (Zoe, ii, p. 337).
HIsTER LUCANUS Horn. Southern California. San
José del Cabo.
PAROMALUS cCONSORS Lec. Southern California to
Mexico. Sierra. El Chinche (2,000 feet).
SAPRINUS BEHRENSII Horn. San Diego, Cal. San
Pedro Marttir.
SAPRINUS PLACIDUS Erichs. Georgia, Missouri, Ari-
zona. San José del Cabo.
SAPRINUS FIMBRIATUS Lec. Utah, California, Ari-
zona. San José del Cabo.
SAPRINUS LUBRICUS Lec. Southern California. San
Pedro Martir.
SAPRINUS OPACUS n. sp. San José del Cabo.
SAPRINUS VITIOSUS Lec.
SAPRINUS BIGEMMEUS Lec. These two occur in south
ern and southeastern California. Cabo San Lucas.
SAPRINUS LUGENS Erichs. Oregon through California
and Arizona to Mexico; Sandwich Islands. Cabo San
Lucas.
TERETRIUS LEVATUS n. sp. San José del Cabo.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 228
NITIDULID#.
CERCUS SERICANS Lec. California, Nevada. Cabo
San lucas.
CoNOTELUS MEXICANUS Murr. Southern California
and Arizona, also in Mexico. La Joya.
CARPOPHILUS PALLIPENNIS Say. Kansas, Colorado,
Nebraska, Texas, Utah, Arizona, California. San Ray-
mundo, San José del Cabo and El Taste. The dark va-
riety foralis Er. also occurs.
STELIDOTA GEMINATA Say. Middle and_ southern
States. San José del Cabo.
STELIDOTA STRIGOSA Sch. Pennsyivania southward.
Sierra Laguna.
PROMETOPIA SIXMACULATA Say. ‘The only specimen
is of an entirely pale yellow color, but not exhibiting any
structural differences from the specimens collected in the
Atlantic States. Notwithstanding its pale color, faint
traces of the usual markings of the species may be seen
by careful examination. Atlantic and Gulf regions, Okla-
homa. San José del Cabo.
LoBIOPA UNDULATA Say. Massachusetts to Arizona.
Sierra Laguna. The specimens from Arizona and Baja
California are much larger than those from the Atlantic
States.
LATHRIDIID.
CoRTICARIA MOROSA Lec. Fort Yuma, Cal. Marga-
rita Island.
TROGOSITID 4.
TROGOSITA VIRESCENS Fab. var. CHLORODIA Mann.
Oregon, California and Arizona. San José del Cabo.
TROGOSITA BARBATA Lec. . Sierra El Chinche, Cabo
San Lucas.
324 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
TENEBRIOIDES MAURITANICA Linn. Cosmopolitan. Dif-
fused by commerce.
ALINDRIA TERES Mels. Atlantic region, Arizona, Cal-
ifornia. Sierra El Chinche (2,000 feet).
BYRRHIDZ.
LIMNICHUS NEBULOsUS Lec. Los Angeles and south-
ward, California. Comondu.
PARNIDA.
PsEPHENUS HALDEMANNI Horn. Baja California.
Dryors PpRopucTus Lec. California, Arizona. El
Paraiso, Comondu, Santa Maria, San Ignacio.
ExLMis ABNORMIS Horn. Arizona. Baja California.
ELMIS SIMILIS Horn. New Mexico and Arizona. Co-
mondu.
DASCYLLIDA.
ANoRus PICEuS Lec. Owens Valley and southern
California. San Pedro Martir.
RHIPICERIDZ.
VESPEROCTENUS FLouHRI Bates. Plate 8, figs. 1, 2, 3.
For the identification of this insect I am indebted to Mr.
Julius Flohr, whose timely visit alone saved me from a
synonym as I never would have suspected that Mr. H.
W. Bates, with whom the Cerambycide were a special
study, would have placed this insect in that family.
The facies of this insect, less the antenna, is somewhat
that of a Toxotus and to my eye that of Callirhipis, al-
though the elytra are more narrowed behind, due to some
extent to the shrinking from drying.
As remarked by Lacordaire in his characteristics of
the family, the anterior and middle coxe are conico-
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 32K
cylindrical, the former contiguous and with distinct tro-
chantin. The last joint of the tarsus with a_ setose
onychium, not at all prominent however in the present
genus. ‘The tarsi are not lobed beneath, the third joint
acutely notched, the fourth small and not visible beyond
the emargination of the third. The first and fifth joints
are equal, the second and third nearly so, but shorter
than the other two.
The head is transversely oval, slightly prolonged behind
the eyes and abruptly forming a neck. The eyes large,
rounded, slightly truncate in front, rather coarsely granu-
lated. Antennal tubercles spiniform. Antenne twelve-
jointed and flabellate (in the males) joints 3 to 11 with a
slender branch which is slightly longer than the length
of the preceding part of the antenne, that is to say the
branch from the third joint is longer than joints 1 to 3 of
the antenne and so continuously. The terminal joint
and the branch from the preceding are equal in length.
The mandibles are falciform, prominent and strongly bi-
dentate at middle. The maxillary palpi are long, slender
and four-jointed, the second joint longest, third joint
two-thirds as long, fourth a little shorter than second and
slightly fusiform. Labial palpi slender and long, the
last two joints about equal in length. The mouth-parts
otherwise are feebly developed. Thorax conical with
slightly arcuate sides, the lateral border not very distinct.
Elytia broader at base than the thorax, sides convergent
to apices, these separately rounded, substance coriaceous.
The comments above apply to the male; the other sex
is unknown to me, but Mr. Bates describes the antennz
as half the length of the body, filiform and_ simple.
While I greatly regret to differ so radically from my la-
mented friend H. W. Bates in the systematic position of
this insect, the aggregate of its organization points to the
326 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
family in which it is here placed. The fact that the
tarsi are five-jointed removes it from association with
any but the most aberrant Cerambycide in the earlier
groups of Prionides, with which no one would pretend to
associate this insect. That the fourth tarsal joint is
small might seem an objection to its association with the
Rhipiceride, but this is by no means insuperable, as in
an adjacent family, Dascyllide, we have an entire group,
the Ptilodactylini, so constituted. In view of the fact
that the family Rhipicerida contains but few genera not
requiring tribal subdivision for their elucidation, I would
suggest that Vesperoctenus be placed near Callirhipis,
from which it differs in its twelve-jointed antenna and
the small fourth tarsal joint.
Occurs at San Francisquito in the Cape Region and in
Mexico.
ELATERIDA.
MERISTHUS CRISTATUS Horn. Texas. Cabo San
Lucas.
CHALCOLEPIDIUS RUBRIPENNIS Lec. San José del
Cabo.
CARDIOPHORUS EDWARDsII Horn. Nevada, California.
San Pedro Martir.
CARDIOPHORUS TENEBROSUS Lec. Washington, Cali-
fornia, Nevada. San Pedro Martir.
HoRISTONOTUS SIMPLEX Lec. California, Utah, Ari-
zona. FE] Taste and San José del Cabo.
EsTHESOPUS DISPERSUS Horn. Texas, Arizona, Cali-
fornia. San José del Cabo, Coral de Piedra, Sierra El
Taste.
APTOPUS PEREGRINUS Horn. Texas. El Taste:
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 3
to
“I
CRYPTOHYPNUS ORNATUS Lec. California, Utah. San
Pedro Martir.
CRYPTOHYPNUS PECTORALIS Say. Texas, Arizona,
California. San Luis and San Esteban.
MonocreEPipius sorpipus Lec. Utah, California,
Arizona. La Chuparosa.
DicREPIDIUS CORVINUS Cand. Southern California,
Arizona. E] Taste and vicinity, San José del Cabo:
ANCHASTUS BICOLOR Lec. (var. desertus Horn.) Fort
Yuma, Cal., Arizona. Cabo San Lucas.
ISCHIODONTUS FERREUS Lec. ‘Texas, Arizona. El
Taste.
IscHIODONTUS SOLEATUS Say. Middle Atlantic region
to Texas. San José del Cabo.
Lupius TExANUS Lec. Texas, Arizona. San José del
Cabo.
MELANOTUS CRIBRICOLLIS Cand. Southern Califor-
nia, Arizona. Comondu.
Do.Lopius LATERALIS Esch. Widely distributed in the
Pacific region, Arizona. San Pedro Martir.
Eniconyx PULLATUS Horn. Arizona. San José del
Cabo.
PLASTOCERUS ScHAUMII Lec. Southern California.
Calmalli Mines and El Paraiso.
BUPRESTIDZ.
GYASCUTUS OBLITERATUS Lec. Owens Valley south-
ward in California, Arizona. El Chinche and Cabo San
lucas.
ANTHAXIA ASNEOGASTER Lap. (var. strzgata Lec.).
Widely distributed in Pacific region. Cabo San Lucas.
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ww
nN
CHRYSOBOTHRIS Epwarpsit Horn. Tucson, Ariz.
San José del Cabo.
CHRYSOBOTHRIS ACUTIPENNIS Chev. ‘Texas, Arizona.
San José del Cabo.
CHRYSOBOTHRIS PURPUREOVITTATA Horn. ‘Texas,
Arizona. San José del Cabo.
CHRYSOBOTHRIS LIXA Horn. Texas, Arizona. © Cal-
amajuet.
CHRYSOBOTHRIS,LUCANA n. sp. Sierra E] Chinche and
San José del Cabo.
CHRYSOBOTHRIS BICOLOR n. sp. San José del Cabo.
POLYCESTA VELASCO Lap. et Gory. Texas, Arizona:
Hie Chincehes(2,o00ifeet)-
ACMAZODERA FLAVOMARGINATA Gray. Texas, Mexico,
Arizona. San José del Cabo.
ACMAODERA FLAVosTICTA Horn. Southern Calitor-
nia. Magdalena Island, Comondu and Cabo San Lucas.
ACMZODERA SUBBALTEATA Lec. Cabo San Lucas.
ACMZODERA SCAPULARIS n. sp. Sierra E] Chinche.
ACMAZODERA STIGMATA n. sp. Tucson, Ariz. San
José del Cabo.
ACMAZODERA CLAUSA n. sp. San José del Cabo, Coral
de Piedra, Sierra El Taste.
ACMAODERA INSIGNIS n. sp. San Raymundo.
AGRILUS INEPTUS n. sp. Coral de Piedra, Sierra El
Taste and Pescadero.
AGRILUS NIVEIVENTRIS Horn. Nevada, Los Angeles
southward in California. San Pedro Martir.
AGRILUS FELIX Horn. Arizona. San Julio.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 329
AGRILUS LAcUSTRIS Lec. (var. cuneus Lec.). Lake
Superior region southwestward to Texas and Arizona.
San José del Cabo.
AGRILUS ADDENDUS Crotch. ‘Texas, Arizona. Coral
de Piedra, Sierra El Taste.
LAMPYRIDZ.
Lycus cruENTuS Lec. ‘Texas, Arizona. San Fran-
cisquito and La Paz.
PLATEROS SANGUINICOLLIS n. sp. San José del Cabo
and Sierra El Chinche.
PyROPYGA FENESTRALIS Mels. Entire Atlantic region,
Colorado, Utah, Arizona, California. Comondu.
MicRoPHOTUS DILATATUS Lec. Arizona, northwest-
ern Mexico. Coral de Piedro, Sierra El Taste.
CENOPHENGUS DEBILIS Lec. Los Angeles, Cal. Ar-
izona. San José del Cabo, Coral de Piedra, Sierra El
Taste.
TELEPHORUS DECIPIENS n. sp. San Pedro Martir
Mountains.
MALACHIIDZ.
CoLLops vALIDUS Horn. Sonora, Mexico. Baja
Purisima.
CoLuops viTTATUus Lec. Colorado, New Mexico.
Mexas, Arizona. BiGParaiso:
CoLLOPS MARGINICOLLIS Lec. Utah, Arizona, south-
ern California. San Pedro Martir.
ATTALUS cINcTUS Lec. Nevada, Colorado. Calmalli
Mines.
ATTALUS BASALIS Lec. Colorado, New Mexico, Texas.
il Paraiso.
2p SER., Vou. IV. ((22)) August 3, 1894.
330 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ATTALUS DIFFICILIS Lec. California, Arizona, San
Borja.
ATTALUS SETOSUS n. sp. San José del Cabo.
ATTALUS UNICOLOR n. sp. La Chuparosa.
PRISTOSCELIS soRDIDUS Lec. Southern California.
San Esteban and Magdalena Island.
PRISTOSCELIS TEJONICUS Lec. Fort Tejon southward.
San Julio.
PRISTOSCELIS ANTENNATUS Motsch. Colorado, Ari-
zona: El Paraiso.
PRISTOSCELIS CONVERGENS Lec. Utah, Arizona, Mar-
garita Island.
PRISTOSCELIS BREVICORNIS Lec. Southern California.
Calamajuet.
PRISTOSCELIS FULVOTARSIS Bld. Oregon, Yuma, Cal.
Calmalli Mines.
In addition to the above are nearly as many more species
represented by material insufficient for study.
DoOLICHOSOMA NIGRICORNE Bland. Dakota to Arizona.
San Julio.
DasyTEs pusiuLus Lec. California. San Julio.
ESCHATOCREPIS CONSTRICTUS Lec. Southern Califor-
nia. San Pedro Martir Mountains.
CLERIDZA.
TILLUS OCCIDENTALIS Ghm. Texas, Arizona, Mexico
to Nicaragua. Baja California (Ulke.)
CYMATODERA PUNCTATA Lec. Texas, Arizona, south-
ern California. El] Chinche 2;000 feet, San José) del
Cabo.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 331
CYMATODERA OBLITA Horn. Nevada, Arizona. Cabo
San Joucas.
CYMATODERA PUNCTICOLLIS Bland. California, Ari-
zona. Baja California (Ulke.)
CyMATODERA XANTI Horn. Cabo San Lucas (Lec.)
CYMATODERA FASCIFERA Lec. Cabo San Lucas (Lec.)
CYMATODERA PURPURICOLLIS n. sp. Sierra E] Chin-
che:
Au.icus Nero Spin. New Mexico, Southern Cali-
fornia. El Chinche. This species was described by
Spinola as from Mexico, but has not been recognized by
the author of the Biologia. The coloration is variable,
but specimens in my cabinet reproduce Spinola’s figure
accurately.
TROGODENDRON EpwaArpsit Horn. Tucson, Ariz.
Fl] Chinche 2,000 feet. While this insect possesses all
the structural characters of the genus as far as given in
the books the species is very unlike the typical form in
coloration.
TTRICHODES PENINSULARIS n. sp. El] Chinche.
CLERUS QUADRISIGNATUS Say. Arizona, San José
del Cabo.
HyDNOCERA OMOGERA n. sp. San José del Cabo.
ORTHOPLEURA DAMICORNIS Fab. Texas. San José del
Cabo.
LEBASIELLA JANTHINA Lec. Cabo San Lucas.
CORYNETES RUFIPES Fab. Cosmopolitan.
PEINID ZG.
PTINUS INTERRUPTUS Lec. California. San José del
Cabo.
332 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Prinus pyGmMus Gorham. California, Guatemala.
Baja California (Ulke).
SITODREPA PANICEA Linn. Cosmopolitan. Cabo San
Lucas.
TRICHODESMA SELLATA n. sp. El Taste.
HADROBREGMUS PUMILIO? Lec. Canada to Texas.
San José del Cabo.
Eupactus pupicus Boh. Cabo San Lucas (LeConte).
XYLETINUS PALLIDUS Lec. Cabo San Lucas (Le-
Conte).
LASIODERMA DERMESTINUM Lec. Cabo San Lucas
(EeC@onte)).
HEMIPTYCHUS OBSOLETUS Lec. San José del Cabo.
HEMIPTYCHUS ESTRIATUS n. sp. San Fernando.
AMPHICERUS PUNCTIPENNIS Lec. Utah, Texas, Ari-
zona, California, extending through Mexico to Panama,
Hawaiian Islands. San José del Cabo.
AMPHICERUS FoRTIS Lec. Utah, Arizona, California.
San José del Cabo.
Mr..Gorham states (Biol} Cent. Am) vol: m5 pt. 25)p:
213) that Apate is the proper generic name for the two
species above.
SINOXYLON QUADRISPINOSUM Lec. Arizona. San José
del Cabo.
SINOXYLON DINODEROIDES Horn. District of Colum-
bia, Arizona. Comondu.
SINOXYLON SERICANS Lec. Southern California, Ari-
zona, extending through Mexico to Panama. Cabo San
wcass
Mr. Gorham places this species in Xylopertha, and
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 238
asserts that our other species of Sinoxylon must be re-
ferred to some other genus.
DINODERUS TRUNCATUS Horn. California. Cabo San
Lweas.
PoLyCAON PUNCTATUS Lec.
Potycaon ExEsus Lec. Collected by Xantus proba-
bly near Cabo San Lucas.
LyctTus PLANIcoLLIs Lec. Colorado, Texas, Cali-
fornia. Baja California.
LycTUS CALIFORNICUS Casey. Mort Yuma, Cal), “San
San José del Cabo.
CIOIDZ.
CERACIS SIMILIS n. sp. Coral de Piedra.
RHIPIDANDRUS PENINSULARIS n. sp. Coral de Piedra,
Sierra El Taste.
SPHINDID.
EurysPHInDus HIRTUS Lec. Detroit and_ vicinity.
El Taste. A remarkable distribution, but the specimens
are absolutely identical.
PASSALID A.
PAssALuS sp. One species is known to me from the
Cape Region. I have not yet been able to place it in
any of the genera into which Passalus has been divided,
and await the occurrence of more material that specimens
may be sent abroad for comparison.
SCARABZIDE.
CANTHON PUNCTICOLLIS Lec. Arizona. San José del
Cabo.
CANTHON SIMPLEX Lec. California, Arizona. San
Pedro Martir.
334 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CANTHON OBLIQUUS n. sp. Pescadero, Sierra El
Chinche.
APHODIUS GRANARIUS Linn. <A species of European
origin becoming cosmopolitan through commerce. San
Pedro Martir.
ATZNIUS LUCANUS Horn. San José del Cabo.
ATANIUS STRIGATUS Say. United States east of Rocky
Mountains. San José del Cabo.
ATANIUS DESERTUS Horn. Utah, Arizona, southern
California. San José del Cabo.
AT-ENIUS GRACcILIS Mels. Eastern United States.
Comondu.
ATAnNius LoBATuS Horn. El Taste, Cabo San Lucas.
ATANIUS TEXANUS Harold. Texas, Arizona. San
José del Cabo.
PsAMMODIUS NANUS DeGeer. Cuba, Central America,
Massachusetts, Michigan, Texas, Arizona, California.
San José del Cabo.
Ocuop#us sp. Two specimens, female, indicating a
species between dzarmatus and frontalzs. Coral de Piedra,
Sierra El Taste.
BRADYCINETUS SERRATUS Lec. Arizona. San José
del Cabo.
Trox FOVEICOLLIS Harold. Pennsylvania to Arizona.
San Francisquito.
TRox SUBEROSUS Fab. United States generally, Mex-
ico. San José del Cabo.
TRox PUNCTATUS Germ. Dakota, Kansas, TPexasy
Arizona. San José del Cabo.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 335
GLARESIS MENDICA Horn. Arizona. Baja California
(Ulke.)
CHNAUNANTHUS DISCOLOR Burm. Occurs throughout
Mexico. San Luis, Comondu, Calmalli Mines, San
Jorge.
This species varies in color. It may be entirely black,
or with the head and thorax dark and elytra testaceous,
the latter often darker along the suture and sides.
It seems to have escaped observation that the sexes are
very readily separable. The males have no anterior tibial
spur and the pygidium as long as wide and regularly
convex. The female has an anterior tibial spur, the
pygidium broader than long and slightly concave near
the apex.
ONCERUS CONVERGENS n. sp. Calmalli Mines.
DICHELONYCHA PICEA n. sp. San José del Cabo and
El] Chinche 2,000 feet.
DICHELONYCHA PUSILLA Lec. Southern California.
San Pedro Martir.
SERICA MIXTA Lec. California, Nevada. San Pedro
Martir.
SERICA PILIFERA n. sp. Santa Maria.
DIPLOTAXIS PUNCTULATA n. sp. San José del Cabo
and Coral de Piedra.
DIPLOTAXIS MGERENS Lec. Southern California. Cal-
malli Mines, Santa Maria.
DipLoTAXxIs TRISTIS Kby. Lake Superior, Middle
States to Colorado and Texas. San José del Cabo.
DIPLOTAXIS ANGULARIS Lec. Arizona. Cabo San
Lucas, San José del Cabo.
336 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
DIPLOTAXIS TENUIS Lec. Southern California. Cabo
San Lucas, Baja California (Ulke.)
LACHNOSTERNA MACULICOLLIS Lec. San José del Cabo.
LACHNOSTERNA NITIDULA Lec. San José del Cabo.
LIsTROCHELUS PUBERULUS Lec. Coral de Piedra,
Sierra El Chinche, (Cabo Santlucas:
LiIsTROCHELUS DENSICOLLIS Lec. With the preceding.
LisTROCHELUS MUCOREUS Lec. Texas, Arizona, south-
ern California. Cabo San Lucas.
LisTROCHELUS oBTUsUS Lec. Texas, Arizona. San
José del Cabo.
LisTROCHELUS CARMINATOR DN. Sp. San José del
Cabo.
ANOMALA CENTRALIS Lec. Arizona, Sonora. San José
del Cabo.
PEeLipNotTa Luc#@ Lec. San José del Cabo.
CoTALPA URSINA Horn. Southern California. San
Pedro Martir.
CyYCLOCEPHALA DIMIDIATA Burm. Oklahoma, Arizo-
na, southern California, Mexico. San José del Cabo.
CYCLOCEPHALA LONGULA Lec. Southern California.
San José del Cabo.
CyCLOCEPHALA IMMACULATA Burm. Texas, Arizona,
southern California. San Pedro Martir.
Licyrus cipBosus De Geer. Widely distributed in
United States. San Pedro Martir, San José del Cabo.
Licgyrus rRuGINASUS Lec. ‘Texas, Sonora, Arizona.
San José del Cabo.
Licyrus BryAntTI Rivers. San José del Cabo.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 237
Mercasoma THERSITES Lec. Cabo San Lucas, San
José del Cabo.
PuitEurus 1LLAtus Lec. Arizona. San Francisquito.
EUPHORIA FASCIFERA Lec. San José del Cabo.
CREMASTOCHILUS WHEELERI Lec. Nebraska, El
Dorado County, Cal.
CREMASTOCHILUS pPILOSICcOoLLIS Horn. California,
Nevada.
CREMASTOCHILUS CRINITUS Lec. California.
The three species above were collected below San
Diego within the peninsula.
CREMASTOCHILUS OPACULUS n. sp. Pescadero.
CERAMBYCIDZ.
MALLODON MOLARIUM Bates. Mexico, Panama, Nic-
aragua. San José del Cabo.
MALLODON MANDIBULARE Gemm. guatho|| Lec. Texas,
Arizona, Sonora, southern California. San José del
Cabo. This species has been incorrectly referred to
Nothopleurus by Bates.
DEROBRACHUS GEMINATUS Lec. ‘Texas, Arizona, Mex-
ico. San José del Cabo.
ACHRYSON SURINAMUM Linn. Widely distributed from
middle Atlantic States to Paraguay. San José del Cabo.
Osmipus cuTtTatus Lec. Arizona. San José del Cabo.
GNAPHALODES TRACHYDEROIDES Thoms. ‘Texas, Mex-
i¢os San José del Cabo.
HAMMATICHERUS MEXICANUS Thoms. Mexico. Cabo
San Lucas (LeConte).
EsuriA ULKeE!I Bland. Cabo San Lucas.
338 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
EBURIA CONSPERSA n. sp. San José del Cabo.
ELAPHIDION PUNCTATUM Lec. Arizona. Cabo San
Lucas.
ANEFLUS PROLIXUS Lec. Cabo San Lucas.
ANEFLUS PROTENSUS Lec. Arizona. El] Chinche.
ANEFLUS VOLITANS Lec. San José del Cabo.
EusTROMA VALIDUM Lec. Arizona, southern Califor-
nia. San José del Cabo.
ComPSA PUNCTICOLLIS Lec. San José del Cabo.
CoMPSA QUADRIPLAGIATA Lec. Cabo San Lucas, El
Taste. It is more than probable that this species is one
of the numerous varieties of /dzdzon textile Thoms.
PHYTON DISCOIDEUM Lec. Cabo San Lucas.
RHOPALOPHORA RUGICOLLIS Lec. Texas. San José
del Cabo.
ACYPHODERES DELICATUS n. sp-, El Waste.
CALLICHROMA COBALTINUM Lec. Cabo San Lucas.
DENDROBIAS MANDIBULARIS Serv. ‘Texas, Arizona,
Mexico. San José del Cabo.
LisSONOTUS MULTIFASCIATUS Dup. Throughout Mex-
ico. San José del Cabo.
STENASPIS SOLITARIA Say. Texas, Arizona. San
José del Cabo.
TRAGIDION ANNULATUM Lec. San José del Cabo.
OXxoPLUS MARGINATUS Lec. San José del Cabo.
OXOPLUS CRUENTATUS Lec. San José del Cabo.
SPHENOTHECUS BASALIS n. sp. San José del Cabo.
STENOSPHENUS NOVATUS Horn. San José del Cabo.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 339
CYLLENE ANTENNATUS White. Arizona. Cabo San
Lucas, Baja California (Ulke).
RHOPALOPACHYS IRRORATUS Lec. Texas, Arizona,
Mexico. El Taste.
EUDERCES PARALLELUS Lec. San José del Cabo.
ATIMIA DORSALIS Lec. Southern California. Baja
California, south of San Diego.
AcCM4:0PS FALSA Lec. Southern California. Calmalli
Mines.
OPHISTOMIS VENTRALIS n. sp. Southern California.
El] Taste.
LEPTURA SEXSPILOTA Lec. California. San Pedro
Martir.
MOoNILEMA SEMIPUNCTATUM Lec. Near Cabo San
Lucas.
MONILEMA SPOLIATUM Horn. San Borga.
MoNnILEMA suBRUGOSUM Bland. San José del Cabo.
It is very likely that /ongzpes White, described as from
China, is the same species.
PTYCHODES TRILINEATUS Linn., wzttatus Fab. Gulf
States, Mexico, West Indies, South America. San José
del Cabo.
ACANTHODERES PENINSULARIS Horn. San José del
Cabo.
Liopus crRAssuLUS Lec. Cabo San Lucas.
LAGOCHIRUS OBSOLETUS Thoms. Mexico. Cabo San
Lucas.
Cca:NOPEUS NIGER n. sp. El Chinche 2,000 feet.
MECOTETARTUS ANTENNATUS Bates. Mexico. Cabo
San Lucas, Sierra El Chinche.
340 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
LoPpHOPGUM VOLITANS Lec. Cabo San Lucas.
EsTOLA SORDIDA Lec. San José del Cabo.
TAPEINA NUDICORNIS Bates. This species has been
placed doubtfully in Tapeina by Mr. Bates. He seems
not to have recognized the sexes in his material, but I
can now assert that the males do not have the head
broadened as in ¢rvansversifrons. ‘The females in both
species have a slight fovea in the last ventral segment,
while the male segment is plain. This with an Arizona
species will constitute a new genus in the second part of
this essay.
Occurs in Mexico, Oaxaca. Sierra El] Chinche 2,000
HeeE:
TETRAOPES ELEGANS n. sp. San José del Cabo.
CHRYSOMELID&.
LEMA PENINSULZ Crotch. Cabo San Lucas.
LEMA FLAVIDA n. sp. San José del Cabo.
LEMA OMOGERA n. sp. El Taste.
LEMA TEXANA Cr. Illinois, Texas. Coral de Piedra,
El Taste. In the specimens from this region the elytra
are more decidedly green.
LEMA AZ2MULA n. sp. Sierra Laguna, El Taste.
BABIA COSTALIS Lac. Mexico. Pescadero.
COSCINOPTERA AZNEIPENNIS Lec. ‘Texas, Arizona.
San José del Cabo.
COoSCINOPTERA SEMINUDA Horn. Utah, Arizona. Sierra
El] Chinche.
COSCINOPTERA MUCOREA Lec. Arizona, southern Cal-
ifornia. Baja California (Ulke).
~~
—_
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 341
Euryscopa Leconte: Crotch (parvula Jacoby). Ar-
izona, southern California. El] Taste.
EXxEMA CONSPERSA Mann. Colorado, Utah, Texas,
Arizona, California. San José del Cabo.
MEGALOSTOMIS MAJOR Cr. Texas, Arizona. Sierra
El Chinche. This is represented by one specimen with
the red basal region less extended than in typical spec-
imens. It may represent a distinct species, but this can-
not be asserted until more specimens show the extent of
variation.
BASSAREUS CONGESTUS Fab. Florida, Georgia, Texas.
San José del Cabo.
PacHYBRACHYS DOoNNERI Crotch. Utah, California.
Coral de Piedra; El Taste.
PAcHYBRACHYS XANTI Crotch. San José del Cabo.
PACHYBRACHYS TURBIDUS Lec. Texas. Coral de
Piedra, Sierra El] Chinche, El Taste, San José del Cabo.
PacuyBracuys ATOMARIUS Mels. Ilinois, Missouri,
Texas, Arizona. San José del Cabo.
Dracuus aurATus Mann. Oregon, California, Ari-
zona. Baja Purisima.
Monacuus Guerinit Perbosc. Sonora, Mex. Baja
Purisima.
Myocurous Loncuuus Lec. Arizona, southern Cali-
fornia. Baja California (Ulke).
CHRYSOCHUS COBALTINUS Lec. California. Baja Cal-
ifornia (Ulke.)
METACHROMA PENINSULARE Crotch. Cabo San Lucas.
MyocoryNA PENINSULARIS n. sp. Coral de Piedra,
Sierra El Taste.
342 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
TRIRHABDA FLAVOLIMBATA Mann. California, Utah.
TRIRHABDA LUTEOCINCTA Lec. California.
TRIRHABDA NITIDICOLLIS Lec. Colorado, New Mex-
ico, Utah. The above were found at San Pedro Martir.
TRIRHABDA CADUCA Horn. Owens Valley, Cal. San
Luis.
Monoxia conspuTa Lec. Entire region west of Mis-
sissippi River. Baja California (Ulke).
DIABROTICA SOROR Lec. California. San Pedro Martir.
DIABROTICA BALTEATA Lec. Texas, Arizona, Sonora.
Sierra El Chinche 2,000 feet, and San José del Cabo.
DIABROTICA VARIEGATA Jacoby. Mexico. San José
del Cabo. There may be some doubt as to the correctness
of this determination, but I prefer the doubt rather than
a possible synonym, as there are quite a number of species
similarly marked, so that comparison will be necessary
to correctly determine the names. The species is related
to picticornis, but may be separated from that by the
general color, greenish-yellow, and the posterior band
not crossing the suture.
ScELOLYPERUS MACULICOLLIS Lec. Southern Califor-
nia. San Quintin.
LUPERODES VARICORNIS Lec. Kansas, Texas, Arizona.
El Taste.
MALACORHINUS MACULATUS Lec. Southern California.
San Borja. San Esteban.
METACYCLA INSOLITA Lec. San José del Cabo.
MALACOSOMA BREVICORNE Jacoby. Utah, Arizona,
Mexico. El Paraiso, Calmalli Mines, San Esteban, San
Luis.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 343
HoMOPHOETA LUSTRANS Cr. Texas. El Chinche
2,000 feet.
DISONYCHA QUINQUEVITTATA Say. Widely scattered
in distribution. San José del Cabo.
Hatica 1GniTA Illig. Widely distributed. San José
del Cabo. The variety seen is that of deep blue color.
HALTICA PUNCTIPENNIS Lec. Kansas, Colorado,
Texas, California. Baja California (Fuchs).
DAU TICA. ROLIACEA IWec, Texas, Arizona. Isa Chu-
parosa.
Hautica TiINcTA Lec. Oregon, California, Nevada.
San Francisquito.
EPITRIX CUCUMERIS Harris. Atlantic region to Ari-
zona, Calitornia. El) Taste.
EPITRIX FLAVOTESTACEA n. sp. El] Taste.
EUPLECTROSCELIS XANTI Crotch. San José del Cabo.
SYSTENA TZ=NIATA Say. var. OCHRACEA Lec. Yuma,
Cal. Baja Purisima (Fuchs).
DYSPHENGES nN. g. ELONGATULUS n.sp._ EI Taste.
LONGITARSUS REPANDUS Lec. San Diego and Yuma,
Cal. Baja California (Ulke).
LONGITARSUS LIVENS Lec. California, Arizona. San
Quintin (Fuchs).
LONGITARSUS BICOLOR n. sp. Margarita Island.
PHYLLOTRETA PUSILLA Horn. Colorado, Texas, Ari-
zona. San Luis and San Julio.
MicRORHOPALA RUBROLINEATA Mann. var. SIGNATI-
coLtuis Lec. Southern California, Arizona. Sierra El
Chinche and Coral de Piedra, Sierra El Taste.
344 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
MicRORHOPALA MELSHEIMERI Crotch. California,
Arizona. Coral de Piedra, Sierra El Taste.
CHARISTENA PERSPICUA Horn. New Mexico, Arizona.
San José del Cabo.
CHARISTENA ARIADNE Newm. Florida, Texas. San
ose del Cabo.
PHYSONOTA ALUTACEA Boh. Mexico. EI! Taste. The
forms examined belong to the variety cyrtodes Boh.
MESOMPHALIA EXCLAMATIONIS Fab. Mexico. El
Chinche.
CASSIDA BIVITTATA Say. Middle States to Arizona.
Pescadero.
CopTOCYCLA AURICHALCEA Fab. Middle States to Ar-
izona and California. Coral de Piedra and San José del
Cabo.
CopTocycLA SIGNIFER Herbst (guttata t auct.). At-
lantic region to Texas. Pescadero. Mr. Champion
writes that guttata Oliv., has not been correctly deter-
mined by Boheman and subsequent authors, being an
Asiatic species.
CortocycLta Lecontrer Cr. Kansas, New Mexico,
Arizona. El Taste. Mr. Champion thinks this hardly
distinct from the preceding species.
CoptrocycLa Bonvoutorrt Boh. Mexico. Coral de
Piedra, Sierra El Taste.
BRUCHIDA.
Brucuus sorpipus Horn. Southern California, Ar-
izona. Santa Anita.
BrRuCHUS LIMBATUS Horn. Cabo San Lucas.
BRUCHUS IMPIGER Horn. Southern California, Arizo-
na. Santo Domingo del Taste and El Taste.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 345
Brucuus amicus Horn. Texas, Arizona, New Mex-
ico. El Chinche and San Julio.
BrucHUS PROTRACTUS Horn (longiventris Sharp).
Texas, Arizona. San Julio, San José de Gracia and
Calmalli Mines.
Brucuus piacipus Horn. Arizona. San José del
Cabo and El] Taste. .
BRUCHUS DESERTORUM Lec. Arizona. Cabo San
Lucas, Baja California (Ulke).
.BRUCHUS AUREOLUS Horn. Desert regions of southern
California. San Julio, San José del Cabo and Margarita
Island.
Brucuus Prosopis Lec. Southern California and Ar-
izona. El Taste and Santo Domingo del Taste.
Brucnus Leucosomus Sharp. Mexico, Guatemala,
Panama. Sierra Laguna. This species belongs in the
group with déscoideus, coryphe and impiger. The hind
femora are without tooth, the male antennz flabellate, the
elytra reddish with cinereous pubescence. The pygidium
has a transverse black line curved slightly forward at each
end.
Brucuus JuLIANus n. sp. Texas. San Julio and San
Ignacio.
Caryosborus VeEsEyiI Horn. Cabo San Lucas.
SPERMOPHAGUS (ZABROTES) SEMICINCTUS n. sp. San
José del Cabo.
TENEBRIONID.
EpROTES VENTRICOsus Lec. This species is very
variable, and has recently been divided into forms which
have received new names. I have already called atten-
tion to the fact that the same species developing at differ-
2D SER., VoL. IV. ( 23 ) August 3, 1894,
346 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ent seasons will have a very different aspect. Those
developing in the hot and dry season will be shining, and
if pubescent or hairy, will remain so but a short time,
while the specimens of the colder or wet seasons will be
opaque and retain their pubescence or hair a longer
time. Some localities, owing to their climate, will retain
one of these variations, as shown in /Ahkthimus serratus,
in the damp and cooler climate of the coast and mountain
regions of Oregon and Washington. ‘This species be-
comes gradually smoother as it goes south, until near
San Bernardino and the hot regions bordering the Mojave
Desert it is quite smooth. Unfortunately, some of the
varieties of this have won new names undeservedly. One
of the specimens of Edrotes before me has the surface
dull and coated with a dirty white efflorescence. In
species of other genera observed in nature by myself this
seems dependent on seasonal influences also.
E-drotes ventricosus occurs probably along the entire
eastern side of the peninsula, but specimens have been
sent trom San José del Cabo only.
STIBIA PUNCTICOLLIS Horn. San José del Cabo. -The
only specimen in the present collection is somewhat
aberrant, having the thorax less narrowed behind and
the stria better marked with coarser punctures.
STIBIA OVIPENNIS Horn. San Diego, Cal., and in
the peninsula southward of that region.
TRIPHALUS PERFORATUS Lec. Cabo San Lucas.
TRIMYTIS OBTUSA n. sp. Sierra Laguna.
EpPpITRAGUS PRUINOSUS Horn. ‘Texas, Arizona, south-
ern California. San José del Cabo.
EuURYMETOPON RUFIPES Esch. California, Arizona.
Cabo San Lucas.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 347
EURYMETOPON PUNCTULATUM Lec. San José del Cabo.
EURYMETOPON sopALiIs Horn. Arizona. San José
del Cabo.
EURYMETOPON BICOLOR Horn. Southern California.
San Pedro Martir.
EURYMETOPON CONVEXICOLLE Lec. Southern Cali-
fornia. Cabo San Lucas (Ulke).
EURYMETOPON PUNCTULATUM Lec. Cabo San Lucas,
Santa Maria.
EMMENASTUS PUNCTATUS Lec. Texas, Arizona. San
José del Cabo. From a specimen labeled for me by
Mr. Champion /entus Ch., scarcely differs.
EMMENASTUS PINGUIS Lec. Arizona. San José del
Cabo.
EMMENASTUS LONGULUS Lec. Arizona. San Pedro
Martir.
EMMENASTUS OBESUS Lec. California. San Pedro
Martir and Cabo San Lucas.
EMMENASTUS MARGINATUS Casey. Baja California
(Casey).
EMMENASTRICHUS Nn. g- CRIBRATUS N. Sp.
EMMENASTRICHUS EROSUS n. sp. These two species
are from San José del Cabo.
BATULIUS ROTUNDICOLLIS Lec. Baja California (Ulke).
ZOPHERUS GRANICOLLIS Horn. Arizona, south of the
northern boundary line, west of Yuma.
ZOPHERUS TRISTIS Lec. Arizona, California near
Yuma. Baja California, locality unknown.
PHLCGODES DIABOLICUS Lec. California. San Pedro
Martir.
348 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CENTRIOPTERA SPECULIFERA Lec. San José del Cabo.
CENTRIOPTERA MURICATA Lec. San José del Cabo.
CENTRIOPTERA ASPERATA Horn. Cabo San Lucas.
CENTRIOPTERA VARIOLOSA Horn. Arizona. San
Francisquito.
CENTRIOPTERA SERIATA Lec. Nevada, Arizona, south-
ern California. San José del Cabo.
CENTRIOPTERA ANGULARIS n. sp. EI Paraiso.
CRYPTOGLOSSA VERRUCOSA Lec. Southern California,
Arizona. San José del Cabo (Fuchs).
MicroscHaTIA CHAmpPpiIon1I Horn (pPunctata t Horn).
San José del Cabo.
MICROSCHATIA INZQUALIS Lec. San Pedro Martir.
ASIDA) MORBILLOSA Lec. (Arizona. San, José adel
Cabo.
ASIDA 2GROTA Lec. San José del Cabo.
ASIDA BIFURCA Lec. El Taste, San José del Cabo.
ASIDA CONNIVENS Lec. Cabo San Lucas, El Taste.
ASIDA SEXCOSTATA Lec. Cabo San Lucas, Magdalena
Island.
AsipA Gass Horn (gzbbzcollis || Horn). Cabo San
iweas.
ASIDA PLANATA n. sp. San Francisquito.
ASIDA SUBVITTATA n. sp. Pescadero, west side.
ASIDA EMBAPHIONIDES n. sp. San José del Cabo.
ASIDA CONVEXA Lec. Arizona, also in Mexico. Sierra
E] Chinche 2,000 feet.
Eusatrus costatus Horn. Magdalena Island and
near Cabo San Lucas.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 349
EusATTus EROSUS Horn. Patrocinio and Lower Pu-
risima.
EusATTUS PRODUCTUS Lec. Arizona. Cabo San Lu-
Cas.
EusaTtus scutptus Champion. Chihuahua, Mexico.
San Pedro Martir and Cabo San Lucas. This species
greatly resembles vetzcu/atus, but the elytra have not the
acute lateral margin as seen in that species.
Eusattus tavis Lec. Southern California. San
José del Cabo.
EusaTTus crILiaTus n. sp. Tantilles Mountains, Big
Cajfion, Baja California, lat. 32, long. 116.
EusATTUS SECUTUS n. sp. EI Taste and San José del
Cabo.
Ca:LOMORPHA MARITIMA Casey. San Diego and San
Quintin, 250 miles below San Diego.
CONIONTIS PALLIDICORNIS Casey. Baja California
(Ulke).
ELEODES MILITARIS Horn. Comondu and near Cabo
San Lucas.
ELEODES Luc#& Lec. San José del Cabo.
ELEODES GRANDICOLLIS ‘Lec. Arizona, California.
Lower Paraiso, San Pedro Martir.
ELEODES INNOCENS Lec. Cabo San Lucas (LeConte).
ELEODES GRACILIS Lec. New Mexico, Arizona.. La
Chuparosa.
ELEODES GENTILIS Lec. Arizona. San Pedro Martir
and San Francisquito.
ELEODES GIGANTEA Lec. California. San Pedro
Martir.
350 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ELEODES ACUTICAUDA Lec. California. San Pedro
Martir.
ELEODES QUADRICOLLIS Esch. California. San Quin-
tin and San Fernando.
ELEODES HUMERALIS Lec. California, Nevada, New
Mexico, Arizona. Sierra Laguna, San Francisquito, La
Chuparosa and San José del Cabo.
ELEODES CONSOBRINA Lec. Southern California. San
Pedro Martir.
EULABIS PUBESCENS Lec. San Pedro Martir and Cabo
San ioueas:
ARGOPORIS EBENINA n.sp. Sierra E] Chinche, Pesca-
dero and E! Taste.
ARGOPORIS INCONSTANS n. sp. San Diego, Cal. San
Esteban, San Francisquito and San José del Cabo.
CERENOPUS CONCOLOR Lec. Nevada, California. San
José del Cabo.
CERENOPUS ATERRIMUS n. sp. Santo Domingo del
Taste and San José del Cabo.
CERENOPUS CRIBRATUS Lec. San José del Cabo.
CERENOPUS COSTULATUS Horn. Near the center of
the Peninsula of California.
CERENOPUS ANGUSTATUS n. sp. San José del Cabo.
CRATIDUS ROTUNDICOLLIS Horn. Baja California,
probably near Cabo San Lucas.
AMPHIDORA TENEBROSA Horn. San Quintin.
CC@LOCNEMIS CALIFORNICA Mann. San Pedro Martir.
CENTRONOPUS PARALLELUS Lec. California. Baja
California (Ulke).
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 351
RHINANDRUS GRACILIS Lec. San José del Cabo and
El Taste.
DoLiEMA PLANA Fab. (Lecontez Horn). Widely dis-
tributed in Arizona and California, extending into Mex-
ico and Cuba. San José del Cabo. The generic name
replaces Sitophagus and Adelina, formerly used in our
fauna.
DoLIoPINES n. g. CUCUJINUS n. sp. San José del
Cabo.
Eupsopuus CASTANEUS Horn. Baja California (Ulke).
Cyn#us AncustTus Lec. Southern California, Arizona.
San Quintin (Fuchs). C. ofacus Champion does not
differ from this.
CyN#us DEPRESSUS Horn. San Diego, Fort Yuma.
San Quintin (Fuchs).
BLApPsTINUS DISCOLOR Horn. e/ongatus Casey. Cali-
fornia, Nevada. San José del Cabo. My type of this
species is one of those accidental varieties in which the
head, thorax and legs are dull red.
BuapstTinus Leconte! Muls. Texas, Arizona, south-
ern California. San Pedro Martir.
Wis cRAssus lec. California, Arizona, Utah. San
José del Cabo.
Uuus opiiquus Lec. Cabo San Lucas (Le Conte).
TRICHOTON sorRDIDUM Lec. . Utah, Arizona. San
Quintin (Fuchs).
NoTiBius GRANULATUS Lec. Southern California,
Arizona. Comondu and San José del Cabo.
Notipius opacus Lec. San. Francisquito and San
José del Cabo.
CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ioe)
OL
bo
Norisius sutcatus Lec. Southern California, San
9
Diego. San Pedro Martir, Calmalli Mines. Conzbzus
alternatus Casey is an accidental variation not rare in fe-
males of this species.
NOoTIBIUS COSTIPENNIS n. sp. Magdalena Island and
Baja Purisima.
NoTIBIUS REFLEXUS n. sp... San José del Cabo.
ECHOCERUS MAXILLOSUS Fab. Atlantic States, Cuba,
Mexico. Sierra El] Chinche.
TRIBOLIUM FERRUGINEUM Fab. Widely distributed,
almost cosmopolitan. San José del Cabo.
ULOSONIA MARGINATA Lec. Texas, Arizona. San
José del Cabo.
MEROTEMNUS ELONGATUS Horn. Sierra El Chinche
2,000 feet.
ALPHITOBIUS PICEUS Oliv. Widely distributed by
commerce. San José del Cabo.
ANAZDUS ROTUNDICOLLIS Lec. Arizona. El Taste.
PHALERIAPILIFERA Lec. Cabo San Lucas, also-at
Fort Yuma. Varies, like many other species, from black
to pale.
PHALERIA ROTUNDATA Lec. Sea coast near San
Diego. San Quintin.
PHALERIA: DEBILIS Lec. Fort Yuma, Cal. Cabo San
Lucas.
D1APERIS RUFIPES Horn. Arizona. La Chuparosa.
The specimens from the peninsula are less ornate with
red bands—in fact, one is almost entirely without them.
The legs are more completely piceous and the anterior
femora alone reddish-yellow.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. sie
PLATYDEMA SUBQUADRATUM Motsch. This is the
species now in our lists as anus Fab. Mr. Champion
has recently given some attention to the Central American
species and adopts the above name for our form, although
it has not been determined to what species janus should
be applied. Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona,
Mexico or Nicaragua. San José del Cabo and Pescadero.
HELOPS PINGUIS n.sp. Coral de Piedra, Sierra El Taste.
CISTELID:.
PHEDIUS OPACULUS n. sp. Sierra Laguna, El Taste
and Pescadero.
ALLECULA SORDIDA n. sp. Coral de Piedra, Sierra
El Taste.
HyMENORUS RUFICOLLIS Champion. Arizona, North-
ern Mexico. San José del Cabo and San Quintin.
HYMENORUS CONFERTUS Lec. San José del Cabo
and Comondu.
HYMENORUS PLANULUS n. sp._ El Taste.
OTHNIIDA.
OTHNIUS MEXICANUS Horn. San Julio, Baja California
(Ulke).
LAGRIIDZ.
STATIRA SUBNITIDA Lec. Cabo San Lucas (Le Conte).
MONOMMIDZ.
HyprorRHAGUS OPACULUS Lec. * El Taste.
MELANDRYIDZ.
EUSTROPHUS ARIZONENSIS Horn. Arizona. La Chup-
arosa.
354 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CGEDEMERIDZ.
CALopus ASPERSUS Lec. Baja California (Ulke).
NACERDES MELANURA Linn. Widely diffused by com-
merce. San José del Cabo.
OXACcIs FULIGINOSA Lec. Cabo San Lucas (LeConte).
Oxacis LucaANa Lec. (Probosca t). San José del
Cabo.
MORDELLID&.
MorRDELLA SCUTELLARIS Fab. Canada to California.
Santo Domingo del Taste, Comondu.
MoRDELLISTENA VILIS Lec. Oregon to southern Cali-
fornia. San Jorge and El Chinche.
MoRDELLISTENA TOSTA Lec. Canada to Texas, Fort
Wouma, Cala, eel Easte:
ANASPIS RUFA Say. Canada to Alaska and Texas,
southern California. San Borja.
Anaspis pusio Lec. Arizona, southern California.
San Esteban and San José del Cabo.
ANTHICIDZ.
BACTROCERUS CONCOLOR Lec. This species was de-
scribed as having the terminal point of the antenna as
long as the four preceding joints, probably from female
specimens. The two before me—both certainly males,
as shown by the genital armature—have the last joint as
long as the seven preceding joints. Coral de Piedra,
Sierra El Taste and San José del Cabo.
NorToxus CALCARATUS Horn. Texas, Arizona, south-
ern California. Margarita Island, Comondu and San
José del Cabo.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. R55
Noroxus Monopon Fab. Widely distributed in the
United States. Texas, Utah, Arizona, California. San
José del Cabo.
ANTHICUS ELEGANS Laf. Colorado, Texas. Calmalli
Mines.
ANTHICUS CONFINIS Lec. Utah, Arizona, southern
California. San Francisquito.
AnTuHIcUS ICcTERICUS Laf. Middle Atlantic States.
San José del Cabo.
ANTHICUS NANUS Lec. Utah, Colorado, Texas, Ari-
zona. Coral de Piedra, Sierra El Taste.
MELOIDZ.
MELoE sp. This is represented by a female of a rather
large species, quite smooth but opaque. It is doubtless
allied to cordillere (sublevis Lec.). It will not be de-
scribed, as a male should be at hand to determine its re-
lationships. Sierra El] Chinche.
NEMOGNATHA LURIDA Lec. ‘Texas, Arizona. San
euise
NEMOGNATHA APICALIS Lec. Texas, California. San
eis.
NEMOGNATHA PIEZATA Fab. Florida, Texas, Colora-
do, Arizona, California. San Luis.
NEMOGNATHA NIGRIPENNIS Lec. California. Rancho
Viejo. A very variable species in color, from all black
to all yellowish. The specimen before me has the head
and thorax black, elytra yellow.
NEMOGNATHA SPARSA Lec. Colorado, New Mexico,
Texas. San Quintin and El Chinche.
MACROBASIS VIRGULATA Lec. Texas. Cabo San Lu-
cas (Ulke)::
356 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
MAcCROBASIS TENUILINEATA n. sp. Sonora, Mexico.
San José del Cabo. :
EPICAUTA PEDALIS Lec. ‘Texas, Arizona. Cabo San
Lucas (LeConte).
CANTHARIS MUTILATA Horn. Arizona. San Julio.
CANTHARIS CuiLpir Lec. Sacramento Valley, San
Diego. Margarita Island, San Julio.
CALOSPASTA DECOLORATA n. sp. Calmalli Mines.
CALOSPASTA MIRABILIS Horn.. Nevada, Los Angeles
County, San Diego County, Mexico. San Julio.
TEGRODERA EROSA Lec. Owens Valley, Cal., south-
ward to San Diego. San José de Gracia. The forms
from the latter region are similar to those from San Di-
ego, having the median elytral black band indistinct.
PyROTA TROCHANTERICA n. sp. Sierra El Chinche
2,000 feet.
TETRAONYX DUBIOSUS n. sp. El Chinche.
RHIPIPHORIDZ.
RuIPIPHORUS CRUENTUS Germ. Widely distributed in
the United States, extending into Mexico. San José del
Cabo.
Mr. Champion (Biol., iv, pt. 2, p. 353) has adopted
the name Amenadza Cast. for the genus, at the same time
admitting that J/acroscagon Hentz has ten years priority.
Rhipiphorus has been transferred to the species at pres-
ent called Myodites, and the name itself made Rhipido-
phorus.
RHYNCHITIDA.
RHYNCHITES PLANIFRONS Lec. San Pedro Martir,
Margarita Island, San Jorge.
RHYNCHITES 2RATUS Say. Massachusetts to Colo-
rado and Texas. El Taste.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. Bis
OTIORHYNCHIDZ.
EPIACZRUS LUCANUS n. sp. Sierra El Chinche, Pes-
cadero and San José del Cabo.
ANOMADUS OBLIQUUS Horn. El Taste and San José
del Cabo.
EUPAGODERES LUCANUS Horn. San José del Cabo.
RUHIGOPSIS SIMPLEX n. sp. Calmalli Mines.
ORIMODEMA PROTRACTA Horn. Colorado, New Mex-
ico, Mojave, Cal. San Pedro Martir.
EucyLuus vAGANS Horn. Utah, Arizona, Owens Val-
ley, Cal. Calamajuet.
GEODERCODES HISPIDUS n. sp. San Jorge.
THRICOLEPIS? SEMINUDA n. sp. San Julio.
PANDELETEJUS CINEREUS Horn. ‘Texas, Arizona.
Sierra El Chinche and El Taste.
SCYTHROPUS DELICATULUS n. sp. El Taste.
MiaiTrostTyLUS GRACILIS m.'sp- Coral de Piedra, Sierra
El Chinche and San José del Cabo.
POLYDROSUS PENINSULARIS n. sp. Coral de Piedra, El
Taste, San José del Cabo.
e
CURCULIONID&.
SITONES sorDIDUS Lec. Oregon, California. San
Pedro Martir.
MaAcrops ECHINATUS Dietz. Texas. El Chinche.
CENTROCLEONUS PoROSUS Lec. Cabo San Lucas (Le-
Conte).
LixuS PERFORATUS Lec. Southern California. Coral
de Piedra.
358 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Lixus PLEURALIS Lec. Arizona. Cabo San Lucas
(LeConte).
DoRYTOMUS INAEQUALIS Casey. Baja California
(Ulke).
OTIDOCEPHALUS ULKEI Horn. Pescadero.
MAcRORHOPTUS HIsPipUS Dietz. San Diego, Cal.
Arizona. Baja California (Ulke).
ANTHONOMUS PENINSULARIS Dietz. Calmalli Mines.
ANTHONOMUS PERVILIS Dietz. San Julio.
ANTHONOMUS EBENINUS Dietz. San Esteban.
ANTHONOMUS OCHREOPILOSUS Dietz. Baja California
(Ulke).
ANTHONOMUS LIGATUS Dietz. Arizona. Baja Pur-
isima.
Tycuius sETosus Lec. Southern California, Arizona.
San Julio and Calmalli Mines.
SipyNES FuLVuS Lec. Arizona. Coral de Piedra
and E]! Taste.
L#MosaAccus PLAGIATUS Fab. Pennsylvania to Ari-
zona. San José del Cabo.
ZASCELIS SERRIPES Lec. Cabo San Lucas (LeConte).
ZASCELIS SQUAMIGERA Lec. Cabo San Lucas
Cie G@onte):
CCLOSTERNUS HISPIDULUS Lec. Cabo San Lucas
(BeConte):
COPTURUS QUADRIDENS n. sp._ El Taste.
TRICHOBARIS TRINOTATA Say. Pennsylvania to Ari-
zona. Pescadero.
BARIS PENINSULZ n. sp. San José del Cabo.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 359
CALANDRID&.
CacTOPHAGUS VALIDUS Lec. Arizona, southern Cal-
ifornia. Sierra El Chinche.
SPHENOPHORUS SIMPLEX Lec. Utah, California. San
José del Cabo.
SCYPHOPHORUS ACUPUNCTATUS Gyll. Arizona. San
Jiosé del Cabo.
SCYPHOPHORUS ROBUSTIOR Horn. San Diego County,
San José del Cabo.
ScYPHOPHORUS yucc# Horn. San Bernardino Coun-
ty, Arizona, San José del Cabo.
CALANDRA ORYZ# Fab. Widely diffused by com-
merce. San José del Cabo.
COSSONID.
APOTREPES DENSICOLLIS Casey. San Ignacio.
BRENTHID.
BRENTHUS LUCANUS Horn. Pescadero and Cabo San
Lucas.
BRENTHUS PENNINSULARIS Horn. With the preceding.
SCOLYTIDE.
PLATYPUS RUGULOSUS Chap. Mexico. Cabo San Lu-
cas (LeConte).
HypoTHENEMUS sTRIATUS Lec. _ Illinois, California.
Cabo San Lucas (LeConte).
ANTHRIBIDA.
ANTHRIBUS VAGUS n. sp. El Taste.
BRACHYTARSUS GRISEUS Lec. San José de Gracia.
The specimens are so rubbed that the determination is
uncertain.
360 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
The following pages contain the descriptions of all
those species believed to be new to science contained in
the series sent me for examination. At the same time I
have described a number of new species from regions
in which the fauna is more or less related to that under
consideration. In every instance in which a species is
described from the series in the collection of the Acad-
emy the type is the specimen or specimens making
part of that collection.
ANCHONODERUS APICALIS n. Sp-
Form of guadrinotatus but more depressed, piceous,
legs pale, elytra fusco-testaceous the apex irregularly
piceous. Antenne piceous, the basal joint pale. Mouth
parts pale. Elead piceous smooth. Uhorax cordate
broader than long, disc slightly convex, a finely impress-
ed median line, surface alutaceous, very sparsely finely
punctate. Elytra finely striate, intervals flat, finely not
closely punctate. Prothorax beneath and metapleure
smooth, abdomen sparsely punctate. Epipleure and
less pale Lenoth 23 ineh 7 mm
The entire surface is sparsely clothed with a very fine
and short, erect pubescence. While the general form is
that of guadrinotatus the form is more depressed and the
thorax broader. The color of the elytra is not due to
immaturity, as two specimens collected at different times
agree.
El Taste and Sierra Laguna.
APRISTUS SUBCYANEUS 0. sp.
Similar in form to /atzcollis, deep cobalt blue, moder-
ately shining, antenne and legs black. Head smooth.
Thorax wider than long, narrowed at base, lateral mar-
gin extremely narrow, median impression nearly entire,
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 361
surface smooth. Elytra very indistinctly six-striate, striz
not punctured, the sutural alone entire. Body beneath
black, smooth. Length, .11 inch; 3 mm.
This species more nearly resembles a Blechrus by its
slender less depressed form and by the very narrow tho-
racic margin, but it cannot be associated with that genus
as the base of the thorax is truncate. It differs from all
the known species of Apristus by its decidedly blue color
and the very feebly impressed striz.
San José del Cabo.
CALLIDA RUGICOLLIS n. sp.
Oblong, depressed, piceous black, feebly shining, a
slight greenish surface lustre more evident on the head
and thorax. Antenne black, first joint testaceous be-
neath. Head nearly smooth. Thorax wider than long,
slightly wider at base than at apex, sides moderately ar-
cuate, feebly sinuate posteriorly, disc convex, slightly de-
pressed along the sides, margin reflexed, median im-
pressed line entire, surface with transverse and slightly
undulating ruge. |Elytra finely striate, strie entire,
finely and closely punctate, intervals flat, very evidently
punctate, less distinctly toward the apex, third interval
with four dorsal punctures. Body beneath smooth and
shining, with evident zneous lustre, a few punctures at
sides of metasternum. Length, .40o-.44 inch; 10-11 mm.
This species belongs to the group in which the males
have two or three and the females two anal sete. It
seems to be allied to obscura Dej. by the punctate elytral
intervals and the transversely wrinkled thorax. C. plan-
ulata Lec. is also probably related, but that species is
not now in hand for comparison.
Coral de Piedra, Sierra El] Taste, Pescadero and San
José del Cabo.
2p SER., VOL. IV. ( 24) August 3, 1894,
362 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
THERMONECTES PENINSULARIS n. sp. Plate viii, fig. 10.
Oval, moderately convex, shining, yellowish testaceous,
elytra closely irrorate with small black spots. Head
pale, a small vertical transverse piceous spot, occiput nar-
rowly piceous. ‘Thorax almost entirely yellow, the usual
apical and antebasal black lines closely approximated and
very near the base. Elytra closely irrorate with black
spots, the border pale except near the apex, without trace
of transverse fascia except a larger black spot one-third
from apex, surface of elytra smooth, the rows of coarse
punctures nearly obliterated. Body beneath rufescent,
prosternum, front and middle legs pale. Length, .41
inchs. 10.5 tm.
The single specimen seen isa male. In general ap-
pearance it resembles ornatzco//is, but is smaller and
broader. It differs from all the species known to me
belonging to the same group, by the absence of the ely-
tral fascia and the peculiar style of thoracic ornamenta-
tion.
San José del Cabo.
STAPHYLINUS LUCANUS DN. sp.
Slender, dull black, opaque, last dorsal in part, last
ventral entirely castaneous. Antenne not long, joints
5-10 transverse, black, the under side of the first joint
at apex and the basal half of the second reddish. Head
subtriangular, densely punctured, a smooth median line
posteriorly, surface with very short erect black pubes-
cence. Eyes not as long as half the sides of head:
Thorax a little wider than long, truncate in front, sides
parallel, base rounded, surface densely punctate with a
narrow smooth median line, surface pubescent similarly
to the head. Scutellum velvety black. Elytra more
finely and densely punctured than the head and thorax
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 263
but similarly pubescent, fimbriate at apex. Abdomen
above sub-opaque, finely but not densely punctate, each
segment with a double series of oblong velvety spots;
beneath more shining and more sparsely punctate. Legs
black. Length, .55 inch.; 14 mm.
The male has the last ventral truncate and vaguely
emarginate. This species belongs to the division Platy-
dracus Thoms., which Dr. Sharp does not admit as of
full generic value. In form the above described species
resembles xzgrel/us, but differs in the form of the head
and the presence of velvety spots on the abdomen. From
the arrangement of our native species suggested by me
(Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vii, p. 186) /ucanus will be found
most closely related to fomentosus, but the latter is more
robust and has no smooth median thoracic line.
Occurs at La Chuparosa.
SCAPHISOMA PENINSULARE D0. sp.
Form of ¢erminatum but smaller, piceous black shin-
ing, elytra narrowly paler at apex, legs and two basal
joints of antennz pale. Head and thorax smooth. Elytra
relatively coarsely, sparsely punctate, the punctures less
distinct at base, sutural striae curved outward at base,
one-third toward humeri. Body beneath smooth. Length,
.04 inch; I mm.
This species is evidently related to desertorum Casey,
but is smaller and with more coarsely punctured elytra
and a shorter basal extension of the sutural stria.
Sierra Laguna.
SCAPHISOMA APICALE ND. sp.
Form of convexum. Body beneath rufo-testaceous,
legs paler, head and thorax slightly darker, elytra piceous
broadly tipped with rufo-testaceous. Head smooth,
thorax microscopically punctulate. Antenne pale, the
364 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
outer joints darker. Elytra finely and moderately closely
punctate. Metasternum and first ventral segment sparsely
finely punctulate.. Length, .10 inch; 2.5 mm.
This form is related to punctulatum, but differs from all
our species by its coloration. In the specimens examined
there is uniformity except that the thorax may be some-
what darker than at the sides.
La Chuparosa.
SAPRINUS OPACUS DN. sp.
Broadly oval, convex, black, opaque, punctured.
Head densely punctate, front not margined. Thorax
densely punctate, very slightly strigose at the sides. Elytra
opaque, punctures smaller than those of the thorax and
less closely placed, especially in the circum-scutellar re-
gion; sutural striae extremely fine, obliterated at basal
third, dorsal striz four, the outer side of each raised in
a fine carina, the first longer, arcuate and nearly entire,
second and third shorter, fourth much shorter and with
a distinct arch at base; internal subhumeral short, oblique,
the outer long and fused with the marginal. Pygidium
closely punctate like the thorax. Prosternum nearly flat,
the striz sinuous, but gradually convergent in front with-
out quite uniting. Metasternum at sides coarsely punc-
tate, at middle and the abdomen sparsely finely punctate.
Anterior tibiz 7-denticulate. Length, .14 inch; 3.5 mm.
This peculiar species will be referred to Group ii, as
defined by Leconte, but is one of those exhibiting the
difficulty attending the Marseul system of subdivision.
From all the species known in our fauna with immarginate
front this one may at once be known by its opaque and
punctate surface, the nearly flat prosternum with con-
vergent striz.
One specimen. San José del Cabo.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 365
TERETRIUS LEVATUS DN. sp.
Cylindrical, piceous black, shining, legs brown. Head
finely not closely punctate. Thorax sparsely punctate,
fine at apex and sides, coarser near the base. Elytra
more coarsely punctate, the punctures finer near sides
on apex, a smooth umbonal space, a short very oblique
stria at base. Pygidium sparsely punctate. Mesoster-
num distinctly margined in front, sparsely coarsely punc-
tate. Anterior tibia 4-denticulate, middle tibia 4-spinose,
hind tibiz bispinose near apex, with a smaller spine at
middle. Weneth, .1o mech; 2.5 mm:
A species resembling ob/¢gualus in most of its characters,
but much smaller and with one less spine on the middle
and hind tibiz, the spines being at the same time more
slender.
San José del Cabo.
ANORUS PARVICOLLIS n. sp.
Elongate, parallel, yellowish testaceous, head rufes-
cent, under body slightly piceous, surface shining. Head
sparsely punctate, with long, sparse hairs. Thorax
smaller in bulk than the head, but, excepting the eyes,
slightly wider, twice as wide as long, not broader at base,
sides obtusely angulate at middle, lateral edge rounded,
surface sparsely punctate with long sparse hairs. Elytra
broader than the thorax, but scarcely wider than the head
across the eyes, surface vaguely striate, slightly wrinkled
near the apex, intervals with sparsely placed short erect
hairs. Body beneath more or less piceous, very sparsely
pubescent, the segments 3-4-5 of abdomen more closely
pubescent in their distal half. Legs sparsely pubescent
with longer flying hairs. Length, .32 inch; 8 mm.
This insect has not yet occurred in Lower California,
but from the fact that it was collected at Fort Yuma may
366 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
be expected. Differs from A. pzcews in the form of the
thorax and the scarcely pubescent surface.
Occurs in Arizona near Fort Yuma.
LACON ILLIMIS nN. sp.
Brown or ferruginous, subopaque, sparsely clothed with
yellowish, scale-like hairs, antennz and legs paler. Head
coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax a little longer than
wide, sides arcuate in front, from middle to base nearly
straight, margin crenulate, hind angles slightly prom-
inent externally, without carina, disc coarsely, closely
punctate, a depression in front of the scutellum. Elytra
not distinctly striate, the intervals faintly indicated, punc-
tures coarse, closely placed and in feebly indicated rows
with closely placed and but little finer punctures in the
intervals. Body beneath with coarsely, closely and equal-
ly disposed punctures. Propleurz without groove for the
tarsus. Length, .28-.32 inch; 7-8 mm.
By all its structural characters this species should take
its place near Lezelewczt as given by Candeze, but differs
from that by its smaller size and the elytral sculpture.
The elytral punctures are so closely placed that it is diff-
cult to distinguish those of the striae.
Occurs at Tucson (Wickham) and near Yuma, Ariz.
CHRYSOBOTHRIS BICOLOR Nn. Sp.
Form of ¢exvana, but without trace of coste or fovee
on the elytra, head and thorax bronze black, elytra green
feebly shining. Clypeal emargination broadly oval. Head
closely punctate, vertex more finely, sparsely pubescent.
Thorax rather more than twice as wide as long, sides
slightly divergent posteriorly, hind angles slightly co-
arctate, anterior angles obliquely truncate, disc regularly
convex without depressions, coarsely punctured, less
closely at middle, densely at the sides. LElytra slightly
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 367
wider at base than the thorax, humeri rounded, sides
parallel, arcuately narrowing at apical third with the
margin rather coarsely serrate, apex obtuse, disc con-
vex without costa or fovee except the usual basal de-
pression, the surface not closely submuricately punctured,
the intervals alutaceous. Body beneath coarsely and
closely punctate with few hairs, the abdomen smoother
and with more cupreous luster at the sides. Last ventral
with an entire lateral margin and a well defined supple-
mentary margin serrate near the apex. Length, .27 inch:
7 mm.
Male.—Anterior femur with a broad triangular tooth
serrate on its distal edge, the tibia slightly arcuate. Last
ventral with an acute angle each side, the interval be-
tween them bisinuate.
This species belongs with those in which the last ven-
tral segment has an entire edge without serrulation and
where the elytra have neither discal fovea nor costa. In
a general way it resembles ana/rs.
One specimen. San José del Cabo.
CHRYSOBOTHRIS LUCANA DN. Sp-
Form resembling chrysoe/a and but little larger, metal-
lic green or with the elytra blue, moderately shining,
elytra with an opaque black band not reaching the suture
or side, broadest internally, a similar band in front ot
apex, behind the base an oval spot, united to the median
band by a slight isthmus. Head rather coarsely and
closely punctate, a vague transverse ridge in the female;
clypeus semicircular each side, an acute incisure at mid-
dle. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides somewhat
sinuous, anterior angles oblique, surface moderately
coarsely, but not closely punctate. Elytra with nearly
parallel sides, arcuately narrowing at the apical third
368 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
where the margin is. rather coarsely serrate; disc not
costate nor foveate, a vague basal fovea, surface less
coarsely and closely punctate than the thorax. Body
beneath green or blue, coarsely punctate, smoother on
the prosternal flanks and the anterior portion of each
ventral segment. Margin of last ventral acute, not ser-
Gate. Ivengpth, (32.inch; Sami,
Fremale.—Anterior femur broadly toothed, the outer
edge serrulate. Last ventral truncate, the angles of the
truncation acute and moderately prominent.
Male.—Unknown.
Sierra E] Chinche (2,000 feet) and San Jose del Cabo.
This species belongs to a small group represented by
four forms peculiar to the fauna of western Boreal-
America and three to Mexico, one of the latter occurring
in Arizona. The essential characters of the group are:
last ventral segment not serrulate at the sides, elytra
separately rounded at apex without trace of cost or
discal fovee. With the exception of praszna the elytra
in all have three purple-black fasciz more or less broken
according to the species.
The forms known may be arranged in the following
manner:
Species rather large and of robust form, tip of abdomen exposed, punc-
tuation of surface rather coarse; elytra with three interrupted black
fascia.
Sides of thorax regularly arcuate. atrifasciata.
Sides of thorax oblique in front. Ulkei.
Smaller and more depressed species, elytra entirely covering the abdomen,
punctuation not dense.
Elytra with the usual purple-black fascie.
Anterior angles of thorax obliquely truncate.
Sides of thorax nearly straight; elytral bands reaching the suture.
juneta.
Sides of thorax sinuous; elytral bands not united across the suture.
lucana.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 369
Anterior angles not obliquely truncate; sides slightly arcuate; elytral
bands interrupted.
Surface somewhat dull. socialis.
Surface shining. trisignata.
Elytra without darker fascia.
Body bright green; anterior angles of thorax not obliquely trancate.
; prasina.
Body bicolored above; anterior angles of thorax obliquely truncate.
bicolor.
From specimens examined by me socéal7s and tris/g-nata
seem not to be distinct specifically.
ACMODERA SCAPULARIS n. sp. Plate viii, fig. 6.
Similar in form to favomarginata, but rather more at-
tenuate posteriorly, piceous black with faint bronze
tinge. Head coarsely closely punctate, front sparsely
hairy and longitudinally impressed. Thorax more than
twice as wide as long, wider slightly behind the mid-
dle, sides obliquely arcuate in front, behind the middle
slightly sinuate, the hind angles rectangular, lateral
margin acute and slightly reflexed, concealed near the
hind angles, disc with a moderately deep triangular de-
pression at middle and a deep oblique impression each
side, surface coarsely and moderately closely punctate,
very sparsely hairy, a yellow spot near the angulation.
Elytra as wide as the thorax at base, gradually narrowed
with but slight arcuation to apex, the margin from middle
to apex serrate, disc slightly depressed, fifth interval finely
costiform nearly to apex, punctures coarse and close,
larger and closer exterior to the costa, the intervals smooth
with a single row of punctures each bearing a short hair,
the intervals near apex exterior to the costa muricate, sur-
face muculate with yellow—beginning behind the humeri
the marginal interval is yellow nearly to apex with an in-
terruption opposite the last ventral suture, near the mid-
dle on each side the marginal line expands in an oblique
370 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
plaga of irregular form, sending a small branch nearly
to the suture, a yellow spot each side of the scutellum, a
smaller one posteriorly, one fourth from apex an irregular
arcuate band behind which is a small round spot. Body
beneath brown bronze, shining, moderately coarsely not
closely punctate, the propleural punctures coarser. An-
terior margin of prosternum trisinuate and forming each
side an obtuse short spine. Surface beneath and legs
sparsely clothed with moderately long whitish hairs. Last
ventral with single margin. Length, .52 inch; 13 mm.
The markings of this species resemble those of /lavos-
ticta Horn (nec flavosticta || Waterh.) From the char-
acters given this species must be placed in the group
Acmaeodere sinuate (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vii, 1878,
p- 4), and, while related to favomarginata by most of its
characters, it seems best placed after cufrzna which is
the only species in our fauna with the sub-costiform eleva-
tion, although the character is faintly indicated, also, in
flavomarginata.,
Sierra E] Chinche.
ACMAZODERA STIGMATA n. sp. Plate vii, fig. 2.
Subcylindrical, nearly of the form of Postma luctuosa,
dull blue, subopaque, sparsely pubescent, each elytron
with a round red spot at the margin one-third from apex.
Front feebly convex, not coarsely nor closely punctate,
sparsely hairy. Thorax about a half wider than long,
sides regularly arcuate from base to apex, side margin
narrow and not visible from above, disc convex, a very
vague depression at middle of base and a more distinct
fovea each side, surface moderately coarsely and closely
punctate and sparsely hairy. Elytra nearly parallel, sides
narrowed at apical fourth and distinctly serrate, disc con-
vex, the striza impressed at sides and apex, the punctures
moderately coarse and deep, more so at the sides, inter-
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 371
vals uniseriately punctulate flat at middle, convex at sides
and apex. Body beneath piceous black, slightly bronzed,
punctuation rather coarse in the thoracic regions. Ab-
domen rather finely and closely punctate, less closely on
the first two segments, at sides with moderately long,
sparse, whitish hair. Prosternum in front trisinuate, a
mammiliform elevation each side limiting the points of
sinuation. Last ventral with a slight ridge within the
apical margin. Length, .31 inch; 8 mm.
This species belongs to the group in which the anterior
edge of the prothorax beneath is trisinuate and with a
distinct tubercle each side. It must be associated with
those species in which the thorax is not wider than the
elytra, having the lateral margin inferior and without yel-
low spot at the side.
It may be known from any species in the group, and,
in fact, from any in our fauna, by the cylindrical and
convex form and the red marginal spot one-third from
the apex.
San José del Cabo. A specimen from Tucson, Ariz.
(Wickham, 231), has a small red spot between the hu-
merus and the larger spot.
ACMAODERA BIVULNERA DN. sp.
Closely resembling s/7gmata or cu/ta in form, color dark
blue beneath, elytra bluish or slightly greenish with a
moderately large red spot, one-third from apex, head and
thorax piceous slightly bronzed, surface moderately shin-
ing. Front convex, moderately closely punctate, sparsely
pubescent. Thorax about one-half wider than long,
sides gradually, arcuately narrowed to the apex, disc
convex without depressions, a slight fovea at base on
each side, surface rather sparsely and finely punctate at
middle, gradually more coarsely and closely at the side,
pubescence short and sparse. Elytra slightly wider
372 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
at the umbones than the thorax, sides nearly parallel,
narrowing at apical third, surface with striz of punctures
not densely placed, the punctures coarser toward apex
and at the sides where the striz are impressed and the
intervals convex, a single row of finer punctures in the
intervals, pubescence scarcely evident. Prosternum tri-
sinuate in front, forming a short broad lobe at middle,
which is broadly emarginate with angles rounded, surface
at middle coarsely and closely punctate, the flanks with
shallow variolate punctures. Meso-metasternum coarsely
punctured at middle, with dense silken white hair at the
sides. Abdomen smooth and sparsely punctate at mid-
dle, densely punctate at sides, with white silken hair.
Length, .25-.30 inch; 6.25-7.50 mm.
This species resembles s//g7ata very closely, and might
readily be mistaken for it without an examination of the
prosternum: The present species is, “however, more
shining, the thorax more finely punctate and the pubes-
cence at the sides of the body more dense. One speci-
men has a small red spot immediately in front of the larger
spot.
Occurs near Tucson, Ariz.
ACM#ODERA MACULIFERA n. sp. Plate viii, fig. 5.
Form of amplicollis, but more flattened above; head,
thorax and body beneath aeneous, sides of thorax and
elytra yellow, the latter with three rows of round black
spots. Front slightly concave, closely moderately evenly
punctate, hairy. Thorax more than twice as wide as
long, widest at base, sides narrowing to front, slightly
arcuate, hind angles (seen from above) obtuse, lateral
margin visible from above, disc with an impressed line
behind the apical margin at the sides and parallel with it,
a broad but shallow sub-triangular depression at middle,
an oblique impression each side, a broad yellow space
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. eyes
each side not reaching the apex or base, surface coarsely
and rather closely punctate, becoming cribrate at the
sides, sparsely hairy. Elytra narrower at base than the
thorax, sides gradually arcuately narrowing to apex, mar-
gin serrate, disc with rows of coarse and deep closely
placed punctures nearly as wide as the intervals, these
latter uniseriately punctate, each puncture with a black
hair; color yellow, marked with round black spots ar-
ranged in three rows, a sutural row of about seven spots,
the largest scutellar, a median row beginning at the
umbone, slightly sinuous, of six spots, a marginal row of
five spots, the anterior one slightly separated from the
margin. Anterior margin of prosternum trisinuate, at
middle coarsely and closely punctate, flanks with shal-
lower variolate punctures. Metasternum more coarsely
and closely punctate, densely at the sides. Abdomen
coarsely not closely punctate, punctures equally placed.
Body beneath sparsely hairy, last ventral segment with a
double margin at apex, the additional edge forming a
plate projecting beyond the true edge. Length, .47 inch;
12 mm.
The specimen before me is a male from Texas, given
me by Mr. Ulke.
In addition to the characters given above, it will be
observed that along the basal edge of the elytra the sur-
face is more closely punctate. Among our species,
maculifera should be placed near amplicollzs, with which
itagrees closely in formand structural characters, although
a little flatter. The species is unique, as far as known
to me, in the style of elytral ornamentation.
Mr. Waterhouse figures a form which he considers a
variety of delectabilis Waterh., resembling gwétzfera,
above described, so closely that they are probably the
same, but it is not quite so clear that either is merely a
374 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
variety of delectabilis. Figures will be found on pl. ix,
Biol. Cenk Amer., vol. ii, pt. 1:
ACMAODERA CLAUSA fi. sp» | Plate vai, fig. 3.
Similar in general form to ornata, but with narrower
thorax and slightly more convex, color piceous slightly
coppery bronze, elytra less distinctly so, elytra and sides
of thorax ornate with yellow. Front feebly convex, closely
punctate, a small smooth space at middle, sparsely hairy.
Thorax fully twice as wide as long, widest at base, sides
g,
regularly arcuately narrowed from base to apex, lateral
margin not visible from above except near the base, disc
rather flat, a vague triangular depression at middle, at
sides flattened, a fovea each side near the base and a
post-apical impressed line extending from angle to angle,
surface coarsely and very closely punctate at sides, be-
coming finer and sparser at middle, yellow border at
sides not reaching the front angles. Elytra gradually
narrowed from base to apex, sides serrulate, disc slightly
convex, striz slightly impressed at sides and apex, punc-
tures of striz rather fine, becoming much coarser from
the fitth outward and near the apex, intervals uniseriately
punctate and near the apex submuricate; an oblique yel-
low spot in the scutellar region, outer interval yellow to a
varying extent, a very irregular band at middle, an oblique
band one-third from apex, not reaching the suture, a sub-
apical oblique band. Prosternum in front vaguely tri-
sinuate, at middle sparsely at sides variolately punctate.
-Metasternum nearly smooth at middle, closely punctate
and hairy at the sides. Abdomen moderately coarsely
punctate, smoother at middle, sparsely pubescent. Last
ventral with a distinct double margin at apex. Length,
.37-.40 inch; 9.5-IO mm.
This species belongs to the series of the ‘‘ sinuate,”’
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 275
with the thorax not wider than the elytra and margined
at the sides with yellow. It is, therefore, systematically
related to ¢uta and Hepburnii, from both of which it dif-
fers, apart from its markings, by the much more promi-
nent double margin of the last ventral segment.
Occurs at San José del Cabo and Coral de Piedra,
Sierra el Taste.
ACMAODERA CRIBRICOLLIS n. sp. Plate viii, fig. 4.
Moderately elongate and convex, piceous, faintly
bronzed on head and thorax and beneath, sparsely in-
vested with short erect whitish hairs. Front convex,
coarsely and closely punctate, occiput carinate. Thorax
unicolored, twice as wide as long, widest behind the mid-
dle, sides arcuate and narrowing to the apex, sinuate be-
hind the middle, the hind angles (directly from above)
rectangular, lateral margin very narrow not visible from
above, disc convex, a vague depression at middle, a faint
oblique depression each side, a small fovea each side near
the base, surface densely cribrately punctured and opaque.
Elytra narrower at base than the thorax at middle, sides
parallel to middle then arcuately narrowing to base, mar-
gin serrate, stria with coarse deep, closely placed punc-
tures, the intervals slightly convex and scarcely wider
than the strie, each with a row of setigerous punctures,
surface ornate with yellow in a style similar to vardegata.
Prosternum coarsely and closely punctate, anterior mar-
gin truncate. Metasternum coarsely and densely punc-
tate. Abdomen moderately coarsely and closely punc-
tate at sides, a little less so at middle. Last ventral with
single apical margin. Body beneath sparsely cinero-
pubescent. Length, .40 inch; 10 mm.
This species is the most obtuse in front of any known
to me. The thoracic sculpture is of rare occurrence,
376 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
densely cribrate and opaque. By the characters used by
me in an analytical table of the group its position should
be near cu/ta et seq., all of which are scarcely more than
half the length of this one, while gemma alone has similar
thoracic sculpture. By facies the species is best placed
near obtusa and consors.
One specimen from Texas; locality unknown.
ACMAZODERA NEBULOSA DN. Sp.
Form of cu/ta, piceous, opaque, a feeble bronze lustre
to the head, thorax and under side, elytra reticulate with
yellow markings. Antenne with joints gradually wider,
the fifth not abruptly wider than the fourth. Head crib-
rately punctured, sparsely hairy, front not impressed.
Thorax uncolored, a little more than twice as wide as long,
scarcely narrower at apex than at base, sides arcuate,
lateral margin entirely obliterated, disc convex without
median or lateral impressions, a small fovea each side at
base, surface densely but not deeply punctate, resembling
crowded reticulations, sparsely hairy. Elytra not wider
than the thorax, parallel, gradually narrowed at apical
third and serrulate, disc moderately convex with striz of
coarse, deep, closely placed, round punctures, nearly as
wide as the intervals, these flat, somewhat rugose, each
with a row of punctures bearing a short black hair, sur-
face opaque piceous with numerous small yellow spots
intricately joined. Prosternum truncate in front, sur-
face cribrately punctured. Mesosternum closely coarsely
punctured. Abdomen subopaque with a somewhat
rugose aspect, the punctuation relatively coarse and
dense. Last ventral with single apical margin. Body
beneath sparsely clothed with short whitish hair. Length,
.24—.28 inch; 6-7 mm.
The prosternum being squarely truncate beneath places
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. BIRT
the species in the ‘‘truncate,’’ while the structure of the
antenna and the absence of thoracic margin relate it to
gemina, from which it differs in its larger size, different
elytral ornamentation (that species being vittate), and
the absence of lateral thoracic spot.
Two specimens from Napa County, Cal.
ACMAZODERA INSIGNIS nN. sp.
Form of cu/ta, dull black, opaque, elytra ornate with
yellow spaces. Antenne as in gemzna, the fifth joint not
abruptly wider than the fourth. Front convex, obsoletely
reticulate, sparsely hairy. Thorax unicolored, about a
third wider than long, very little narrower at apex, sides
arcuate, lateral margin obliterated in apical half, disc con-
vex without impressions, the basal fovez relatively large
and deep, surface reticulately punctured but near the
sides somewhat cribrate, surface sparsely hairy. Elytra
not wider than the thorax, sides slightly convergent, ar-
cuately narrowing at apical third, margin serrulate, sur-
face striate, strie with moderately coarse punctures not
closely placed nor deep the intervals slightly convex
wrinkled and with a row of punctures bearing a short
seta as in cu/ta, surface ornate with yellow forming a
space near the base from the first to fifth striz extending
nearly a third toward apex emitting a branch under the
umbone, a narrow band at middle oblique backward from
the suture, a spot, single or divided in front of apex,
a smaller spot at apex. Prosternum truncate, indistinctly
coarsely punctate, the flanks reticulate. Metasternum
with shallow reticulations bearing elongate scales. Ab-
domen indistinctly reticulate, and with elongate scales
those at the sides white, at middle yellow. Last ventral
with single apical border. Length, .16 inch; 4 mm.
By the prosternum and structure of the antenne this
2p SEeR., Vou. IV. ( 25 ) August 3, 1894,
378 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
species is related to gemzna and nebulosa, and is remark-
able in having the vestiture of the under side scale-like
and not hairy.
One specimen found on cactus, San Raymundo.
ACMZODERA DELUMBIS DN. sp.
Closely resembling 97édu/a in form and coloration, dif-
fering as follows: Thorax more coarsely and closely
punctate. Elytra with a row of five yellow spots on each
side, centering on the fourth interval, a row of three spots
on the ninth or widest interval also yellow, red in g7bdu/a,
a marginal row of four yellow spots. Prosternum as
in g7bbula. Metasternum at sides coarsely and moder-
ately closely punctate, sparsely hairy. Abdomen rather
finely punctate not much more closely at sides than at
middle, the pubescence at sides sparse and not conspicu-
ous. Last ventral as in gzbdula. Length, .47 inch; 12
mm.
The most conspicuous differences are that in this spe-
cies the sides of the abdomen are not conspicuously pu-
bescent and the sides of the elytra have the spots yellow
and not red. The last named character may not be per-
manent, the first is valid and not sexual.
Two specimens from Arizona; others in the National
Museum at Washington.
AGRILUS INEPTUS N. Sp.
Similar in form to acutipennis or pulchellus, bluish
green or blue as in the former, scarcely shining. Head
closely punctate, front deeply impressed, a pubescent
space between the antennez at base. Thorax a little
wider than long,
arcuate, hind angles obtusely carinate, a moderate median
slightly narrower at apex, sides feebly
impressed line, at sides an oblique depression, surface
with rather coarse transversely undulating strige. Scutel-
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 379
lum not carinate. Elytra slightly sinuate behind the
humeri, the apices obtuse scarcely visibly serrulate, sur-
face closely submuricately granulate. Body beneath
similar in color to the upper surface. Prosternum mod-
erately coarsely punctured, the sides of metasternum
more coarsely, abdomen more finely and less closely
slightly undulating on the first two segments. Spaces of
white pubescence are found along the under margin of
prothorax, the mes-epimera, outer side of metasternum
and cox plate and at the front angle of each ventral
segment. The suture between the first two ventrals
well marked at both sides. Length, .35 inch: g mm.
This species has the antennz serrate beginning at the
fourth joint, the lower portion of the bifid claw not
strongly inverted, the pygidium has no projecting carina,
thorax slightly impressed at middle, the suture between
the first two ventrals plainly visible at the sides. It
is therefore closely related to pulchellus and Walsing-
hamt, and differs from the former by the obtuse pygid-
ium and the uniformly colored elytra and from the latter
by the absence of pubescent spots.
Coral de Piedra, Sierra El Taste and Pescadero.
PLATEROS SANGUINICOLLIS n. sp.
Black, thorax and scutellum bright red. Disc of thorax
irregular showing a tendency to approximate the orna-
mentation of Eros, the hind angles slightly prominent ex-
ternally. Elytra finely costate as usual in Plateros, the
intervals feebly reticulate. Body beneath more shining
than above. Legs black, anterior femora at base yellow.
Length, .20 inch; 5 mm.
In the female the antenne are shorter than in the male,
the joints 4 to ro as broad as long.
San José del Cabo and Sierra El Chinche 2,000 feet.
380 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
TELEPHORUS DECIPIENS N. sp.
Black, moderately shining, sparsely pubescent, thorax
reddish-yellow with a median triangular space, the base
anterior. Thorax wider than long, scarcely perceptibly
punctate, a slight median depression near the base, on
each side of which the disc is more convex. Elytra sca-
brous, smoother at base. Body beneath and legs black.
ength, .2S inch; 7 mm:
In this species the claws are similar on all the feet and
broadly obtusely toothed at base. It belongs to LeConte’s
division A (Trans: Am. Ent: Soc., 1x; 168i, ps 52) 9nd
by the broad thorax must be placed near denétiger. It,
however, has considerable superficial resemblance to ore-
gonus, but differs in the form of the claws.
San Pedro Martir Mountains.
POLEMIUS LANGUIDUS n. Sp.
Oblong, broader behind, yellow slightly reddish anten-
ne, tibia and tarsi with the last two ventral segments pic-
eous. Head smooth, a darker band between the eyes.
Thorax one-half wider than at apex, sides arcuate gradu-
ally rounding, these from middle to base slightly sinu-
ous, hind angles distinct but obtuse, disc smooth a slight
convexity each side of the middle of the base. Elytra
scabrous with two fine costa on each within the um-
bone. Body beneath yellow, the last ventral entirely
piceous the fifth yellow at middle. Length, .47 inch;
imyeioehaele
The unique before me is a female and it differs from
all our species in its color.
From southern California, probably near San Diego.
This is the first indication of the genus on the Pacific
Coast.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 381
ATTALUS SETOSUS n. sp.
Above in great part red, a median thoracic space sud-
denly constricted at base, the scutellum and space each
side piceous. Antennz slender feebly serrate, piceous,
the three basal joints in part paler. Head oval, not ros-
trate, piceous except at mouth. Thorax transversely
oval, sparsely finely punctate and with fine short pubes-
cence. Elytra slightly wider behind, very sparsely finely
punctate, with extremely minute pubescence and with
short erect black seta sparsely scattered. ‘Body beneath
and legs black, abdomen red. Length, .10 inch; 25
mm.
This species bears some resemblance to varieties of
humeralis, but differs from that and any other species in
our fauna by the sete: which are found on the elytra.
San José del Cabo.
ATTALUS UNICOLOR nf. sp.
Piceous, distinctly bronzed, moderately shining. An-
tenne slender, feebly serrate, piceous, four basal joints
pale beneath. Head oval, not rostrate. Thorax trans-
versely oval, moderately convex, minutely alutaceous,
sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider behind, surface
slightly scabrous, with sparsely placed short, black, erect
hairs. Body beneath black, slightly bronzed. Femora
except at knees and the posterior tibia black, anterior
and middle tibiz partly, tarsi entirely testaceous. Length,
.08 inch; 2 mm.
This species is notable in its uniform color with bronzed
surface, resembling in this respect some J/alachius.
One male. La Chuparosa, near San José del Cabo.
CYMATODERA PURPURICOLLIS n. sp.
Brownish, head and thorax metallic blue, the latter
more distinctly so. Antenne slender, joints three to
382 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
eleven not differing notably in length, the second very
little shorter. Head oval, moderately closely but not
deeply punctate, surface sparsely pilose. Thorax one-
half longer than wide at base, broader at apex with the
usual broad constriction in front of and behind the mid-
dle, at base bituberose, surface nearly smooth with faint
traces of transverse wrinkles and sparsely scattered fine
punctures bearing erect hairs. Elytra not wider at base
than the thorax, body apterous, sides gradually divergent,
apices very obtuse, surface with striae of moderately
coarse not closely placed nor deeply impressed punctures
which become obsolete at the middle near the suture, but
extend two-thirds to apex near the sides, intervals with
very sparsely placed fine punctures bearing erect hairs,
color pale brown with a narrow yellow band with irregu-
lar edges extending slightly arcuately outward and back-
ward from the suture. Body beneath brownish. Meso-
sternum coarsely punctured. Abdomen indistinctly punc-
tured, a yellow spot at the side of each segment. Legs
brown, femora at base, tibiz and tarsi paler. Length,
4Oinchs 11.Simim:
Male.—Ventral segments three to five broadly emargi-
nate and successively more deeply, sixth ventral semi-
circularly emarginate. Last dorsal narrower than the
ventral, truncate at tip with an acute notch at middle.
This species must be placed near ovzfennis and angus-
tata, the former of which it resembles in elytral marking
and sculpture. It differs from either in the comparatively
smooth thorax with distinct metallic surface lustre, a
character unknown in any North American species.
Sierra el Chinche.
TRICHODES PENINSULARIS n. sp. Plate viii, fig. 7.
Form slender, beneath bright olive green and shining,
above head and thorax violaceous, elytra blue-black with
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 383
three transverse narrow yellow bands, the anterior turn-
ing down along the suture. Antenne entirely black.
Head oval, not closely punctate, sparsely hairy, palpi
pale. Thorax oval, as wide as long, apex truncate, sides
arcuately narrowing to the basal constriction, disc con-
vex, a slight median depression at base and a faint post-
apical constriction, surface coarsely punctured, the punc-
tures rounded at the sides but less dense at middle. Ely-
tra parallel, the apices truncate, sutural angle distinct,
surface with coarse cribrate punctures somewhat in striz,
and short erect black hairs; color dull blue-black with
three fascia, the anterior beginning with a broad base at
the humerus extends inward leaving the base then turn-
ing abruptly parallel with the suture, a second fascia at
middle, narrow, very slightly arcuate, the third fascia one-
fourth from apex, slightly arcuate. Sides of metaster-
num and the posterior edges of segments 2—3—4 at sides
with moderately long white hair. Abdomen quite smooth.
Legs black with blue green surface lustre. Length, .38
inch; 9.5 mm.
This insect is allied to //wstrzes Horn (Trans. Am. Ent.
DOC..8i) L676, p. 231) and might teven bean extreme
form of that, but the uniform coloration of the specimens
of 7//ustr7is make it advisable to name the present form.
In zl/ustr7s the antenne, except the last three joints, are
rufo-testaceous, as are also the legs; the basal band keeps
close to the margin and extends down the suture, the
middle band decidedly arcuate and the posterior very
oblique.
One specimen, El] Chinche.
HypDNOCERA OMOGERA DN. sp.
Form of dzscordea, color black with a humeral yellow
white spot (the umbone black), or with the white form-
ing a transverse band immediately behind the umbone.
384 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Antenne entirely pale. Head moderately closely but not
distinctly punctate. Thorax broader than long, sides
strongly arcuate with a short apical and longer basal nar-
rowing in the usual manner, surface scabrous. Elytra
wider at base than the thorax, slightly narrowing to apex,
margin serrate, apex very obtuse, surface shining coarse-
ly punctured the punctures well separated except in a
space one-third from apex where the punctures are fine,
more crowded and with the pubescence, irregular form-
ing a Closer fascia. Body beneath black, feebly shining.
Legs slightly variable, but the tendency is to have the
anterior and middle legs pale, the posterior piceous.
Length, 14-inch; 3:51.
The species of Hydnocera are so variable in color and
so difficult to describe sufficiently that it seems hardly
proper to indicate new species in an isolated manner un-
til the genus has undergone a systematic study. Ina
faunal list like the present essay there is a slight excuse
for description. ‘The species above named has the form
and general appearance of Awmeralzs, but with elytral
punctures of pa//zipennis.
Occurs at San José del Cabo.
It might be here observed that 47. furcata Ghm. (Biol.
Cent. Am.,\dil, pti, p. 342, pla xin, Meas, Ome oieune
many varieties of dzscozdea Lec.
XESTOBIUM ELEGANS n. sp. Plate viii, fig. 9, antenna.
Cylindrical, parallel, brown, elytra marmorate with a
mixture of ochraceous and white pubescence having a
broad band at middle and a spot near apex nude. Anten-
nz pale except the basal joint. Head closely punctate.
Thorax wider than long, narrower in front, densely
punctate, clothed with recumbent white pubescence,
naked on the median and a transverse line, also on a spot
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 385
each side of the middle in front and also at base. Ely-
tra densely finely punctulate, the pubescence forming a
larger triangular area beginning at the humerus extend-
ing beyond the middle, the apex reaching the suture one-
third from base, the scutellar area spotted with white, the
apical third irregularly marmorate, the space at middle
third almost nude. Body beneath black, densely punc-
tulate and cinereo-pubescent. Length, .25 inch; 6.25
mm.
One specimen collected in western Nevada by Mor-
rison; others by Schwarz at Brightons, Utah.
A prettily ornamented species and easily known there-
by. Its most striking peculiarity is in the form of the
antenne. The normal form of antenne in Xestobium is
to have the last three joints triangular and larger than
those which precede, the funicular joints slender. In the
present species there are properly but three funicular
joints, the third joint of the antenne longer than the sec-
ond or fourth, fourth shorter than second, fifth twice as
long, narrowly triangular, sixth short, triangular, seventh
similar to the fifth, eighth similar to the sixth, ninth and
tenth like the seventh, eleventh a little longer. When
the genera of Anobiini have been released from the con-
fusion in which they appear to be at the present time this
species may be separated from Xestobium, or, as the ge-
nus will then be called, Anobium.
CTENOBIUM CINEREUM D0. sp.
Cylindrical, slightly depressed, piceous black, clothed
with fine ashy pubescence nearly concealing the surface
color. Head opaque rather coarsely punctured. Tho-
rax one-third broader than long, sides arcuate, angles all
5?
rounded, disc convex with scarcely any irregularity, a
faintly impressed median line, surface finely densely
386 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
punctured. Elytra vaguely quadri-costate, the pubes-
cence abraded from their summits, surface densely finely
punctured. Body beneath as above. Length, .36 inch;
9 mm. :
The specimen before me is probably a male, the last
ventral is very obtuse with a shallow emargination extend-
ing from side to side.
Collected in southwestern Texas, near the Rio Grande.
TRICHODESMA SELLATA DN. sp,
Cylindrical, rather more oblong than g7dosa, piceous
black, densely clothed above with a white pubescence,
dense, like a spider-web, a large saddle-shaped space
common to both elytra of brownish pubescence. An-
tennz ferruginous. Head densely pubescent. Thorax
broader than long,
uately narrowing at the middle, hind angles distinct, disc
sides arcuate in front, suddenly sin-
strongly gibbous, an impressed line from the apical mar-
gin to the summit of the gibbosity, surface coarsely punc-
tured, the pubescence forming denser reticulations, the
summit of the gibbosity with short, stiff, brown hair.
Elytra densely pubescent, concealing the sculpture, in
great part ashy white and web-like with a large saddle-
shaped space of brown pubescence and with short erect
hairs sparsely placed similar in color to the surface from
which they arise, also two arcuate series of erect brown-
black hairs forming brushes, the one series one-third
from base, the second one-third from apex, each series
composed of three brushes on each elytra. Body be-
neath densely pubescent, the pubescence simple and not
web-like. Length, .29 inch; 7.5 mm.
This species differs from every other known to me by
the form of the thorax. The vestiture is remarkable.
One specimen, El Taste.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 387
TTRICHODESMA SORDIDA 0. sp.
Cylindrical, oblong, more than twice as long as wide,
black, head and thorax with dirty yellow pubescence,
elytra with a band of same along the base, a very narrow
sinuous band at middle and an irregular apical space of
same color. Antenne black. Head black, punctuation
concealed. Thorax broader than long, sides arcuate in
front, slightly sinuate in front of the hind angles, the lat-
ter distinct, disc gibbous behind the middle, a slight sul-
cus from the apical margin to the summit of the gibbos-
ity, surface distinctly granulate and not densely clothed
with dirty yellowish pubescence and with intermixed
short, black erect hairs, but without brush at the summit
of the gibbosity. Elytra but little wider than the thorax,
the surface with irregular striz of coarse, deep, not closely
placed punctures and clothed with velvety black pile
arranged in quite small spots, a dirty yellow band com-
posed of spots across the base, a sinuous indistinct band
at middle and a space near the apex of similar pubes-
cence. Body beneath black, subopaque, surface gran-
ular dashed with recumbent, dirty yellow pubescence.
Meneth, 2301nchi;) 7.5 mun.
This species is similar in form to se//afa, being more
than twice as long as broad, differing in having the sides
of the thorax less sinuate behind the middle. It differs
from all our species in having no brush-like tufts at the
summit of the gibbosity of the thorax.
One specimen, Texas; special locality unknown.
TRICHODESMA CRISTATA Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad.,
Venn 323%
Form of gzbdosa, but shorter and slightly more robust,
piceous black, feebly shining, sides of thorax and base of
elytra near the humeri densely clothed with web-lke
388 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
whitish pubescence. Antenna brownish. Head piceous,
sparsely granulate and clothed with ferruginous pubes-
cence less abundant at middle. Thorax one-half wider
than long, sides regularly arcuately narrowing to base
without sinuation, the hind angles obliterated, disc gib-
bous at middle, surface rather closely granulate, densely
clothed at sides with whitish web-like pubescence, the
middle third nearly naked except the brushes of black
hair at the summit of the gibbosity. Elytra wider than
the thorax, with coarse punctures irregularly arranged in
striz with small patches of granules irregularly placed,
more evident at base, surface indefinitely and sparsely
clothed with short brownish pubescence with small whitish
patches irregularly placed, small tufts of short erect hair
form two series, the first of three patches beginning at
the umbone extending obliquely backward to the suture,
the second series one-third from apex, strongly arcuate
on each elytron of four patches each side. Body beneath
not densely granulate, clothed with short yellowish pubes-
cence. Length, .24 inch; 6 mm.
This species is known by its form and the compara-
tively scanty vestiture of the elytra. ‘The above descrip-
tion was written under the impression that the species
was new, aS many important points were passed in the
description by Capt. Casey.
Oregon, northern California, Santa Cruz and Alameda.
The species of Trichodesma of Boreal America may
be separated as follows:
Form fully twice as long as wide; sides of thorax sinuate in front of hind
angles; last three joints of antennew together much longer than the
preceding joints.
Sides of thorax abruptly and deeply sinuate; vestiture of surface dense.
sellata.
Sides of thorax feebly sinuate; vestiture sparse. sordida.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 389
Form iess than twice as long as wide; sides of thorax arcuately narrowing
to base without sinuation; last three joints of antenne together not
longer than the preceding joints.
Vestiture of surface rather dense and of whitish pubescence in great
part. grbbosa.
Vestiture of elytra not dense, surface not concealed, a whitish border
at base and a small white spot at declivity. cristata.
The antennal character is to a certain: extent sexual,
the males having the last three joints longer than the fe-
males, but as used above (in a secondary position) the
antennz are in both sexes longer in the oblong group
than in the shorter forms. The tooth of the claw is more
acute in the shorter species.
The four species above recorded all belong to different
faunal regions—evbbosa from the regions east of the Mis-
sissippi; sordéda, Texas; cristata, from the California
region; and se//ata, from the Peninsula of California.
‘TRIPOPITYS TENUILINEATA n. Sp.
Cylindrical, brown, subopaque. Antenne pale, the
basal joint piceous. Head moderately closely punctate,
sparsely clothed with ochreous pubescence. Thorax
broader than long, narrower in front, sides strongly ar-
cuate, margin explanate, disc convex, a faint median im-
pression and a feeble oblique impression each side reach-
ing the base, surface roughly punctate but not densely
and somewhat smoother in the impressions, surface
sparsely ochreo-pubescent. Elytra moderately closely
and irregularly punctate, indistinctly clothed with ex-
tremely fine ochreous pubescence which forms fine
denser lines extending from the base nearly to the apex,
a sutural line, one from the umbone, two between these
on the disc, with an oblique scutellar line, a line external
to the umbone. Body beneath paler than above, very
finely densely punctured and with extremely fine pubes-
cence. Length, .20 inch; 5 mm.
390 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
This insect looks far more like an Oligomerus than
Tripopitys, but the serrate antenne, the depressed meso-
sternum and the excavate metasternum have induced me
to place it in the latter genus. The only characters in
which it differs from that genus are the elytral sculpture
and the more explanate sides of the thorax, in the latter
respect resembling Ernobius. The specimen before me
is a female, and the antenne are equally serrate from the
third to the tenth joints, eleventh longer. The elytral
sculpture and ornamentation make it an easily recognized
species.
Occurs in Oregon.
HEMIPTYCHUS ESTRIATUS N. sp.
Oblong. oval, piceous black, feebly shining, surface
finely clothed with short indistinct pubescence. Head
and thorax not visibly punctate. Elytra not visibly punc-
tate except under microscopic power, the lateral striae en-
tirely obliterated. Body beneath not visibly punctate.
Abdomen sparsely punctate, opaque, finely pubescent.
Length, .18 inch; 4.5 mm.
This species is remarkable in its large size and almost
entire obliteration of sculpture.
San Fernando.
An examination at this time demonstrates that as the
genera are now recognized several species formerly
placed by Dr. LeConte in Catorama must come to Hem-
iptychus. These are sectans, obsoleta and punctulata.
These will form a group by themselves, while odso/etus
with faint striz is the link with the striate group. The
species are closely related among themselves, but the fol-
lowing brief table will enable them to be separated:
Elytra very obviously punctate even with moderate power; color piceous
black. sectans.
Elytra scarcely punctulate; color brown.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 3901
Scarcely longer than broad. latus.
One-half longer than broad. estriatus.
With sectans I have united punctulata. These were
originally described trom uniques, and the character based
on size, which seems to be the only one separating them,
has entirely disappeared in a series of twenty. The name
latus is proposed for odso/etus, as there is at present a spe-
cies with the latter name in Hemiptychus.
HEMIPTYCHUS ROBUSTUS DN. sp.
Oblong oval, moderately densely clothed with ochre-
ous pubescence which conceals the piceous color of the
surface. Antenne pale. Head minutely punctulate.
Thorax minutely densely punctulate with coarse punc-
tures widely scattered but closely placed near the hind
angles. Elytra similarly punctulate, the slightly larger
punctures more numerous and more evident near the
apex, the marginal striae deep, extending from the apex
nearly to the middle. Body beneath similarly punctured
to the upper surface, the coarser punctures of the abdo-
men more abundant and more evident. Length, .18
inch; 4.5 mm.
A number of specimens of this large species have been
seen. At first glance they resemble estriatus, although
more coarsely pubescent. It is at present the largest spe-
cies known with the elytra striate at sides near the apex.
Southwestern Texas, near the Rio Grande.
The genus Hemiptychus threatens to be very trouble-
some. A number of species still exist without. names,
but it has not been thought advisable to name any but
those necessary, in advance of any general revision of
them.
CERACIS SIMILIS Nn. sp.
Cylindrical, castaneous, the elytra slightly darker at
base, glabrous, distinctly punctate. Antenne pale, the
392 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
club darker. Thorax as broad at base as long, narrower
in front in the 2, surface finely not closely punctate, a
smooth median line posteriorly. Elytra more coarsely
punctate than the thorax. Body beneath sparsely punc-
tate. Legs pale. Length, .05 inch; 1.25 mm.
Male.—Head smooth, concave, margin of clypeus re-
flexed and emarginate, apical edge of thorax at middle
reflexed in a short lamina which is emarginate.
Fremale.—Front convex, sparsely minutely punctate,
minutely alutaceous. Clypeus’and margin of thorax not
elevated.
This species is probably closely related to guadricornts
Ghm., but the description is so brief as to render it un-
safe to consider the two identical.
Coral de Piedra, Sierra el Taste.
RHIPIDANDRUS PENINSULARIS Nn. sp.
Cylindrical, brown, subopaque. Antenne pale. Head
reticulate, densely punctured between the eyes and pu-
bescent, clypeus smooth. Thorax broader than long,
slightly narrower in front, sides feebly arcuate, disc reg-
ularly convex, closely reticulate. Elytra not broader
than the thorax at base, broadly sulcate, sulci slightly
wrinkled, intervals finely subcostiform. Body beneath
very coarsely not closely punctate. “Length; .13 ich;
e:5 iin.
The most striking difference between this species and
paradoxus is in the form of the antenne. In the latter
species the joints 5-10 are produced in a long branch,
while in the present species the fourth and fifth joints are
simply triangular, 6-10 transverse, twice as wide as long,
eleventh transversely oval. This structure is the same as
that described for Eutomus, a genus at present placed in
the Scolytide.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 393
In paradoxus the thorax is rather coarsely and densely
punctured and the prosternum finely carinate; in fenzn-
sularts there is no Carina.
Coral de Piedra, Sierra el Taste.
CANTHON OBLIQUUS DN. sp.
Black, semi-opaque, oval narrowed behind as in xzgrz-
cornis, surface not punctate nor granulate. Clypeus
notched at middle not forming teeth, the sides oblique,
scarcely perceptibly arcuate. Thorax smooth, disc con-
vex with an ante-scutellar depression, a median impressed
line from middle to base. Elytra arcuately narrowing
almost from the humeri, the striz almost entirely obliter-
ated, surface very finely granulate-alutaceous. Pygidium
flat, alutaceous. Body beneath extremely finely aluta-
ceous. Length, .32-.38 inch; 8-9.5 mm.
In addition to the above, the following characters may
be added that the relationship of the species may be traced
in the tabular scheme given by Baron Harold (Berl. Ent.
Zeit., 1868, p. 11). Posterior tibiz slightly arcuate, with
one spur, the femur not punctate nor with marginal
line. Anterior tibiae obliquely truncate. Prosternum be-
neath without transverse carina and without sub-marginal
tooth. From these characters it would seem to be allied
to ¢restes, which however has no thoracic depression.
Among the Boreal American species it is probably best
placed near /evzs. It differs notably from any of our
species in having the sides of the clypeus oblique and not
arcuate. The male has the spur of the front tibiz
broader at tip, truncate and emarginate.
Occurs at Pescadero and Sierra el Chinche.
CHNAUNANTHUS PALMERI n. sp.
Similar in form to d/scolor, brownish tending to pice-
ous, elytra, abdomen and legs yellowish. Head coarsely
2D SeER., Vou. IV. ( 26 ) August 3, 1894,
394 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
and deeply punctured. Apex of clypeus reflexed, acutely
emarginate, the angles acute. Thorax coarsely sparsely
punctate, smoother at sides and base. Elytra coarsely
sparsely and irregularly punctate. Body beneath sparsely
punctate and hairy. Length .14-.16 inch; 3.5-4 mm.
Male.—Anterior tibia without spur. Pygidium vertical
or slightly inflexed, regularly convex, clothed with whitish
hair.
Fremale.—Anterior tibia with spur. Pygidium oblique,
rather deeply impressed each side near the apex, surface
quite smooth.
Collected by Dr. Edw. Palmer at St. George, Utah.
The three species of Chnaunanthus may be separated
in the following manner:
Surface quite shining. Clypeal teeth obtuse. Pygidium of female con-
cave near apex. discolor.
Surface dull. Clypeal teeth acute. Pygidium of female bi-impressed.
Palmervi.
Surface moderately shining. Clypeai teeth moderately acute. Pygidium
of female with a single impression near the tip. Elytra bright yellow.
flavipennis.
ONCERUS CONVERGENS N. Sp.
Facies of Chnaunanthus, piceous, elytra dull yellow.
Head coarsely, deeply and moderately closely punctured,
sides of clypeus convergent. ‘Thorax broader than long,
slightly wider at base than apex, sides regularly arcuate,
disc moderately convex, coarsely not closely but regularly
punctate. Elytra slightly wider than the thorax, irreg-
ularly but not closely punctate. Body beneath sparsely
punctate. Front and middle legs yellowish, posterior
legs piceous. Surface above and beneath sparsely hairy.
Henath, :r4-inchs. (2-5 mm.
In the nine specimens examined no sexual peculiarities
have been observed.
Calmalli Mines.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 395
The differences between this species and floralzs are
almost generic and are as follows:
Sides of clypeus parallel; upper tooth of anterior tibia small; anterior
claws simply cleft. floralis.
Sides of clypeus convergent; upper tooth of anterior tibia well developed;
anterior tarsal claws dissimilar, the anterior one with a lobe-like tooth
at base, both claws cleft at tip. convergens.
It is probable that all the specimens seen are males, as
none of them have any anterior tibial spur and the pyg-
idium is nearly vertical.
As classifications now stand, Oncerus is fairly well
placed in the Chasmatopterides as defined by Lacordaire,
but the same group as constituted in our fauna (Classifi-
cation, p. 249) is not anatural one. Podolasia and Acoma
should be separated by their simple claws.
Chnaunanthus has a distinct labrum concealed beneath
the clypeus, while Oncerus has the labrum connate with
clypeus, asin Phyllotocus and Cratoscelis more especially,
as well as in Serica.
There seems to be a great need at the present time of
a revision of the relationships of many genera at present
placed vaguely among the Melolonthide.
Wir ies Wee Bates remarks, (Biol; vole 2, pt:25p)129),
in describing Aporolaus: ‘‘An interesting generic form
* * * demonstrating that the mouth-structure (espec-
ially the free bilobed ligula) is more to be relied upon
than the position of the abdominal spiracles as indications
of natural affinity in this portion of the Lamellicorn series.”’
In emitting this opinion Mr. Bates seems to have been
influenced by a reverence for the classification then ex-
isting. From my own studies, made necessary by my
defense of the position of Pleocoma and by a critical ex-
amination of very many obscure genera of Lamellicorns,
it seems clear that the free bilobed ligula and laparostict
spiracles are concurrent characters.
396 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
There are at present a number of genera with a more
or less membranous and free ligula associated with vari-
ous tribes of Melolonthide, such as Phyllotocus, the
Pachytrichides, Aclopides and Chasmatopterides, which
might form groups between the Laparosticti and Pleuro-
sticti, as at present arranged, and thereby render the
transition less abrupt. The Pachycnemides occupy just
such a position as placed by Lacordaire. ‘The Chasma-
topterides and Aclopides are true laparosticts, while
Pachytrichia seems far better placed near Glaphyrus, as
Hope, Burmeister and Westwood have suggested. Phy]-
lotocus, a laparostict, is about as badly placed among the
Sericides.
Some interesting results will follow a study of the
Pachypodides. In Pachypus the spiracles are so placed
as to make it doubtful whether they are truly laparostict
or not. The entire organization of Pachypus seems to
relate it to our Pleocoma, an undoubted laparostict, except
as to the ligula. The larva of Pachypus is badly needed
to settle its true position in the lamellicorn series.
DICHELONYCHA PICEA N. Sp.
Brownish piceous varying to quite pale, without metal-
lic lustre, sparsely clothed with short semi-erect gray
hair. Head rather coarsely, moderately closely punc-
tate. Clypeus nearly smooth, arcuate in front, angles
obtuse, sides oblique continuous with the gene, the eyes
not prominent, frontal suture distinct, not impressed.
Antenne 8-jointed. Thorax nearly twice as wide as
long, sides rather strongly arcuate, all the angles very
obtuse, disc convex without sulcus sparsely punctate es-
pecially at middle, a fovea near the middle of each side.
Elytra vaguely costate, coarsely and irregularly punctate.
Body beneath very sparsely punctate and hairy. Legs
somewhat pale. Length, .30 inch; 7.5 mm.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 397
This species does not differ especially in form from
the others. The clypeus is, however, more arcuate in
front, the antenna 8-jointed and the tibial teeth feebly
indicated.
Two specimens, San José del Cabo and El Chinche
DOOOVLEEL.
SERICA PILIFERA N. SP.
Oblong ovate, pale brown, dull, surface with semi-erect
fulvous hairs. Head opaque, impunctate, clypeus coarse-
ly punctate, more shining, the apical margin moderately
reflexed with rounded angles, broadly but slightly emar-
ginate, a very slight incisure each side. Thorax more
than twice as wide as long, slightly narrower at apex,
sides feebly arcuate, hind angles rectangular, surface
dull, sparsely indistinctly punctate, margin fimbriate, disc
with semi-erect fulvous hairs sparsely placed. Elytra
very vaguely subsulcate, the intervals slightly convex,
the sulci irregularly punctate, the punctures bearing a
semi-erect hair. Body beneath dull, sparsely punctate
and hairy. Length, .32 inch; 8 mm.
This species may be known by its hairy surface, the
hairs of the elytra being vaguely arranged in rows in the
sulci.
Santa Maria.
DIPLOTAXIS PUNCTULATA N. Sp.
Oblong-oval, piceous black, moderately shining. Cly-
peus hemi-hexagonal, the angles well rounded, feebly
emarginate, surface cribrately punctate. Head coarsely
and densely punctate, a smooth vertical space. Thorax
twice as wide at base as long, slightly narrowed in front,
sides feebly arcuate, disc regularly convex, coarsely not
closely punctate, intervals with few very minute punc-
tures. Elytra with striae in pairs of coarse punctures as
in ¢ristés, the intervals coarsely not closely punctate, the
398 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
interspaces between the punctures finely punctulate.
Pygidium coarsely closely punctate. Body beneath
coarsely punctate, sparsely on the abdomen with a short
yellow hair from each puncture. Length, .56—-.60 inch;
I4-15 mm.
The largest species of the genus known and of more
robust facies than /77s¢7s and the allied forms, with which
it should be associated. It differs from all of that group
by the presence of the minute punctures of the elytra.
San José del Cabo, Coral de Piedra, Sierra El Taste.
LISTROCHELUS CARMINATOR Nn. Sp.
Oblong, nearly parallel, rufo-castaneous, head and
thorax darker and more shining, elytra dull faintly prui-
nose. Antenne rufescent, club paler. Head coarsely
closely punctured, clypeus hemi-hexagonal, feebly emar-
ginate with rounded angles. Thorax less than twice as
wide as long, slightly narrower in front, sides feebly ar-
cuate margin crenulate and fimbriate, disc convex coarsely
moderately closely punctate, more sparsely along the
sides and base. Elytra more finely, less deeply punc-
tured than the thorax, the cost very indistinct. Body
beneath punctate, with long yellow hair. Abdomen very
sparsely finely punctate, shining at middle, opaque at the
sides. Length, .60 inch; 15 mm.
Male.—Antennal club as long as the funiculus. Claws
similar on all the feet, pectinate from a single edge with-
out tooth. Pygidium convex sparsely punctate. Sixth
ventral large with a broad shallow concavity extending
from apex to base.
From the structure of the claws this species is allied to
puberulus. It differs in that the latter has a very coarsely
closely punctate thorax, and the male has quite a short
sixth ventral segment.
San José del Cabo.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 399
CREMASTOCHILUS OPACULUS n. sp. Plate vu, fig. 1.
Oblong, black, opaque, dorsum very flat. Clypeus
strongly carinate at middle. Disc of thorax sharply di-
vided into three regions, anterior angles auriculate, the
posterior spiniform, sides arcuate, sinuately narrowing
to the hind angles, base sinuate within the angles, disc
coarsely punctured, the outer lobes more coarsely and
closely, the central portion more sparsely and more
opaque. Elytra flat with punctures in the form of elon-
gate scratches on the disc, but decidedly punctiform at
the sides. Body beneath shining with coarse sparse
punctures. Legs slender. Mentum entire. Length,
Aqanch; 11 mim.
Closely allied to sfznzfer, but with the disc of thorax
more sharply divided and differently sculptured. The
hind angles of the thorax are not everted. It is also al-
lied to planzpes, but that has broad thin tibia.
Pescadero.
EBURIA CONSPERSA Nn. sp.
Pale piceo-testaceous, clothed with recumbent fulvous
pubescence. ‘Thorax transversely quadrate, sides feebly
arcuate, with feeble post-median tuberosity, disc covered
with callosities as follows: a median linear from apex to
base, a broader one each side from base toward apex, a
small oblique one between these in front, one near each
front angle. Elytra rugulose, with scattered foveiform
punctures, one ivory spot at base, two behind the middle,
the outer longer, these spots on the line of nude costa,
the outer one nearly entire, the inner abbreviated, elytra
at apex rounded, a sutural spine. Body beneath sparsely
pubescent. Femora not spinose at apex. Length, .67
inchs 17) mim.
Quite unlike any of our other Eburia, more nearly re-
4.00 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
sembling Elaphidion in habitus. The foveate punctures
resemble a similar sculpture seen in Brothylus gemmula-
lus.
San José del Cabo.
ACYPHODERES DELICATUS Nn. Sp.
Form slender. Head yellowish, cribrately punctate.
Antennz similar in color, half the length of body, stouter
externally, scape coarsely punctate, third joint nearly as
long as the next three. Thorax as broad as long, wider
at middle, sides regularly arcuate, disc convex, densely
punctate, very finely pubescent, a feeble median smoother
line and vague oblique umbone either side, color reddish-
brown, base and apex bordered with black. Scutellum
flavo-pubescent. Elytra pale brownish testaceous, yel-
low-white along the base, form subulate, sparsely punc-
tate and shining, although somewhat rugose near the
base. Prothorax beneath black, densely punctate. Meta-
thorax sparsely punctate and pubescent, with denser
hair anteriorly. Mesopleure and apex of met-episternum
densely flavo-pubescent. Abdomen pale piceo-testaceous,
sparsely punctate and with few short hairs. Legs rufo-
testaceous, the basal half of the tiba and femora yellow-
white. Length, .45 inch; 11 mm.
The introduction of this genus into our fauna requires
that an additional tribe be added to the table as given on
page 276 of the Classification, and placed near the Ancy-
locerini and Rhopalophorini, from both of which tribes
the new one will be distinguished by having the anterior
coxee cavities closed behind. The tribe is named Rhino-
trogides by Lacordaire.
The species above described resembles sezavzs Bates
(BiolS viep- 290, pls x tie. 20), but isvsmaller and dif-
ferently colored.
El Paste:
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 401
SPHENOTHECUS BASALIS N. sp.
Piceous black, moderately shining, a very small hair
in each puncture of dorsal surface, the basal region of
the elytra and femora red. Vertex coarsely punctate at
the sides. Thorax oval, narrower in front, apex and
base truncate, sides arcuate, disc convex, a slight trans-
verse depression in front of the base, surface with coarse
transverse punctures not closely placed, the median line
and depressed basal region smoother. Elytra coarsely
irregularly punctate, the punctures becoming fewer and
closer near the apex, apices acutely rounded, a small
spine at the suture, a larger spine externally. Body be-
neath sparsely cinereo-pubescent. Legs black, femora
red, the condyles of hind femora dentiform. Length,
.48-.56 inch; 12-14 mm.
This species is congeneric with .S. s¢ra/7s—in other
words, is a Sphenothecus as restricted by Le Conte.
The genus, as admitted by Mr. Bates, is certainly a com-
posite one. This species differs from swturalis in color
and vestiture; the scutellum is nude.
San José del Cabo and Sierra El Chinche.
OPHISTOMIS VENTRALIS n. Sp.
Slender. Head black, closely punctate. Thorax red
or black, conical, longer than wide at base, apex con-
stricted, sides compressed behind the middle, disc very
convex, very sparsely and finely punctate, hind angles not
explanate. Elytra wider at base than the thorax, humeri
prominent, sides obliquely narrowing, apex obliquely
emarginate-truncate, the angles acute, disc coarsely and
deeply not regularly punctate, punctures finer toward
apex. Pro- and mesosternum black. Metasternum and
abdomen red, very sparsely finely punctate, not pubes-
cent. Legs black, the under side of hind femora at base
usually red. Length .42-.47 inch; 11-12 mm.
402 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
The vestiture of the upper side consists of very short
black hairs arising from the punctures. This species is
allied to rujiventr7s Bates from Nicaragua, but differs in
its almost smooth thorax.
Ophistomis is barely separable from Leptura, the only
character being the prolongation of the head into a beak.
Southern California. El Taste.
CC@NOPCUS NIGER DN. sp.
Form of Palmerz, black shining, the pubescence ex-
cessively fine,short, black. Antenne black, joints three
to seven, annulate with white. Front sparsely punctate.
Thorax broader than long, angulate at the middle, sides
in front oblique, behind the angulation forming a cylin-
drical constriction, surface with coarse punctures along
the apex and base, very few at middle. Elytra coarsely,
closely and deeply punctate, near the apex much smoother.
Body beneath extremely finely pubescent. Length, .67—
.75 inch; I7-I19 mm.
This species differs from Pa/merz in the coarser and
closer elytral punctuation and by the absence of any or-
namentation by pubescence either above or beneath.
The two specimens before me are females and have the
last ventral slightly emarginate, as in Pal/mer7.
El Chinche 2,000 feet.
PERITAPNIA Nov. gen.
Middle coxal cavities closed externally, the anterior
slightly angulate as in Tapina. Middle tibia with a sinus
externally near the apex. Claws divaricate. Front ver-
tical, broad, the antenna widely separated at base. Head
similar in the sexes, not alate. Antenne longer than the
body in both sexes, one-half longer in the male, joints
not ciliate, first joint conical, rather stout, second small,
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 403
third as long as first, fourth joint shorter, those following
about equal in length. Eyes coarsely granulate, very
deeply emarginate. Thorax strongly angulate at the
sides. Scutellum not large, semicircular. Elytra wider
at base than the thorax, apices entire, rounded. Mesos-
ternum slightly convex.
This genus contains two species, of which nadzcornis
may be considered the typical form. The type is some-
what depressed, but less so than in Tapina, while the
second species is slightly more convex. The coxe are
all widely separated, but to aless extent than in Tapina,
and rather more widely in xwdzcornzs than in the other.
In the males of both species the anterior femur is slightly
angulate on the under side one-third from the base, and
with a small brush of short hairs. No such character
has been seen in Tapina.
The relationships of this genus are as difficult to define
as those of Tapina. It seems, while strongly related to
Tapina, to connect that genus with the Estolides. Ad-
mitting the weight which Lacordaire insists should be al-
lowed for the widely separated coxa, especially the pos-
terior, there can be no hesitancy in placing the genus
near Tapina, a view also admitted by Bates by his con-
sidering nudicornzs a possible Tapina. From the latter
genus it will be separated by the antenne not ciliate, and
the similar form of the head in the two sexes. The two
species are as follows:
Piceous black, moderately shining, muricate punctures of elytra irregu-
larly placed. nudicornis.
Brown, dull, more convex, muricate punctures regularly and evenly
placed. Sabra.
PERITAPNIA NUDICORNIS Bates. (Tapeina?) Biol.
Cent Am, voliv, p: 42a.
404 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
PERITAPNIA FABRA DN. Sp.
Dull brown, clothed with short fine brownish pubes-
cence, elytra with short erect black hairs arising from
evenly disposed muricate punctures. Head finely and
moderately closely punctate. Thorax much _ broader
than long, sides strongly angulate at middle, in front of
angulation the sides are oblique, behind sinuate, surface
finely punctulate and pubescent with short erect hairs
arising from sparsely placed coarser punctures. Elytra
very minutely punctulate and finely pubescent with erect
hairs arising from muricate punctures equally placed over
the surface but not in stria. Body beneath and legs
paler, sparsely finely punctate and pubescent. Length,
so7 neh) O.5\ mim.
The general form in outline is that of a Tapina, but
more convex, approaching Tetraopes.
Occurs in Arizona, south of Tucson.
TETRAOPES ELEGANS DN. Sp.
Form of désco¢deus, black, elytra ornate with red, sur-
face finely cinereo-pubescent, decidedly bluish on the
thorax, with short black erect hairs intermixed. Anten-
nee black, the first three joints and the under side of the
other joints with bluish-cinereous pubescence. Head red,
scarcely pubescent, sparsely punctate the punctures with
erect black hairs. Thorax entirely black, very sparsely
punctate, the umbone abruptly elevated, smooth at its
sides, coarsely sparsely punctate and hairy on its summit.
Scutellum black. Elytra coarsely not closely punctate,
apical third nearly impunctate, color black with a red
basal band, broader at middle and extending narrowly
along the sides, behind the middle a triangular red space
not reaching the suture, umbone black, on each side of
the suture at the posterior edge of the red band a small
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 405
very black spot, the posterior edge of the triangular spot
bordered with black. Body beneath finely cinereo-pubes-
cent.. Legs black. Length, .35-.47 inch; 9-12 mm.
The coloration of the elytra is of a style similar to that
of dzscotdeus, but the black is more extended. It differs
especially from that species in having the umbone more
elevated and more sharply limited, and by the absence of
the four black spots on the thorax which are so constant
in our other species.
San José del Cabo.
LEMA FLAVIDA D0. sp.
Form of ¢rz/zneata, entirely yellow except the antenne,
tarsi, sutural interval and met-episterna, which are piceous
black. Head with the usual v-shaped impression and
small vertical fovea. ‘Thorax constricted behind the mid-
dle, the dorsal transverse impression not deep, disc ante-
riorly with a few coarse punctures. LElytra with striz of
coarse punctures which become finer toward the apex,
the intervals wider than the striz and with a row of dis-
tant finer punctures, ninth striz entire. Body beneath
very sparsely punctate and slightly pubescent. Length,
.24 inch; 6 mm.
This species resembles ¢vz/¢neata, and difters from it in
the absence of the lateral elytral stripe and by the sutural
stripe narrower.
San José del Cabo.
LEMA OMOGERA DN. sp.
Shining black, elytra slightly blue with an orange spot
at the middle of the base of each elytron extending nar-
rowly around the humerus and down the side to the first
ventral segment. Head with v-shaped impression with-
out vertical puncture, occiput transversely paler. Tho-
rax with but few scattered punctures, constricted behind
406 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
the middle, the transverse dorsal impression feeble.
Elytra with stria of punctures becoming much finer to-
ward the apex, the ninth entire, intervals broader than
the punctures, smooth. Body beneath and legs black
and shining. Length, .20-.24 inch; 5-6 mm.
Similar in form to conjuncta or solanz, but easily known
from all our species by the black head and thorax, with
the basal orange spot on each elytron.
EV taste.
LEMA AZMULA 0. Sp.
Form of sexpunctata, yellow or slightly orange, each
elytron with three black spots and a short common su-
tural stripe near the base. Antenne pale. Head with
an acutely impressed v-shaped impression. ‘Thorax
smooth, constricted at middle, the dorsal transverse
groove feeble. Elytra with stria of coarse and deep,
rather distant punctures becoming finer toward apex, the
intervals smooth and convex at apex, the ninth striz not
extending more than one-third toward base. Body be-
neath pale, the sides of metasternum and tarsi darker.
Length, .18-.20 inch; 4—5 mm.
This species resembles sexpunctata and varies in a sim-
ilar manner.
Typical form.—Elytra with a black spot on umbone, a
small oval spot between the fourth and sixth stria in front
of middle, a larger spot in the triangle formed by the
third and sixth stria near the apex, a narrow sutural
stripe at base.
Variety.—Elytra immaculate.
Variety.—A broad sutural piceous stripe expanding ab-
ruptly near the apex. In all the specimens seen the an-
tenn and legs are pale, in sexpunctata piceous or black.
Sierra Laguna and El Taste.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 407
MyocoRYNA PENINSULARIS 0. sp.
Head, thorax, body beneath and legs rufescent, elytra
pale yellow, the suture, two discal vittae and margin piceous.
Antenne pale, the outer five joints darker. Head coarsely
irregularly punctate. Thorax sparsely, irregularly punc-
tate, more coarsely and closely at the sides. Elytra with
nine entire striz of moderately coarse punctures not closely
placed, a short scutellar stria, the seventh stria somewhat
irregular, intervals smooth, color pale yellow with a sutural
piceous vitta including two intervals which separate near
the base, a vitta on the intervals between the third and
fourth and between the fitth and sixth striz, these united
near apex, the outer stripe with an appendix at its base,
marginal interval from humerus to apex piceous. Body
beneath very sparsely punctate. Length, .29 inch;
7.5) mam,
This species is similar in form to /neolata, but with
markings resembling Zygogramma continua. It has fewer
discal vitte than any of our vittate Myocoryna, except
Dalbom7z, where, with an almost black thorax, there is but
one broad discal vitte. The thorax is not spotted as in
the decemlineata series.
Coral de Piedra, Sierra El Taste.
EPITRIX FLAVOTESTACEA DN. sp.
Ovate, yellowish testaceous, very finely pubescent.
Antenne pale, the outer joints somewhat darker. Head
smooth. Thorax moderately coarsely and closely punc-
tate, the basal impression moderate, slightly sinuous.
Elytra with stria of moderate punctures, closely placed,
intervals very slightly convex wider than the striz, finely
uniseriately punctate. Body beneath pale, usually with
the metasternum and first ventral segment piceous.
Length, .o6-.08 inch; 1.5-2 mm.
2D SER., Vou. IV. ( 27 ) August 3, 1894.
408 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
This species resembles the Mexican sewbcostata, which,
however, has the intervals subcostate. Its form and sculp-
ture resemble our common cucumerzs, but the color is
different.
El Taste.
DYSPHENGES gen. nov.
Head oval, eyes free, front obtusely carinate between
the antennz without supra-antennal callosities. Labrum
moderately large, feebly emarginate in front. Maxillary
palpi moderately stout, the last joint slightly longer than
the preceding, conical and acute attip. Antenne slightly
longer than half the body, very slightly thicker toward
the tip, first joint claviform, second half as long, third
slightly longer than second, joints 4-10 slightly longer,
eleventh longer, acute at tip. Thorax without basal or
longitudinal impressions, the angles distinct. Scutellum
triangular. Elytra a little wider than the thorax, with
wide epipleurz. Prosternum narrow between the coxe,
the cavities closed behind. Met-episterna much narrowed
posteriorly. Ventralsegments free, the first much longer
than the second. ‘Tibiz grooved on the outer edge, each
with a terminal spur. ‘Tarsi moderately stout, the first
joint of the posterior a little longer than the next two.
Claws appendiculate.
This new generic name is suggested for a small species
which I.cannot refer to any of the described genera. It
is without doubt referable to the Oxygonites of Chapuis,
and seems most nearly related to Oxygona, but differs in
having the elytra regularly striate punctate and by the
entire absence of frontal callosities, the head, in fact, re-
sembling Systena. The angles of the thorax are tuber-
culiform and setigerous, as in Oxygona.
In the arrangement of the Halticini proposed by me
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 409
(@irans: Am. (Ht. Soc., xvu, 1880, p167), the Oxygonz
will take place near the Systenz, from which they will
be separated by the longer first ventral segment.
Doubtless the genus is allied to Cyrsylus Jacoby.
DyYSPHENGES ELONGATULUS n. sp. Plate viii, fig. 8.
Form of an elongate Longztarsus, color variable from
rufo-testaceous to piceous, moderately shining, glabrous.
Head sparsely punctate, indistinctly alutaceous. Thorax
a little wider than long, sides and base arcuate, apex trun-
cate, the angles dentiform and setigerous, disc convex
coarsely not closely punctate, punctures finer in front.
Elytra wider than the thorax, slightly wider behind, apices
truncate and rounded, disc convex, striato-punctate, the
punctures closely placed, intervals flat and smooth. Epi-
pleure coarsely irregularly punctate. Body beneath very
sparsely punctate the abdomen transversely alutaceous.
Length, .o8—.10 inch; 2—2.5 mm.
No sexual differences have been observed in the spec-
imens examined. One specimen is entirely piceous, ex-
cepting the knees, tarsi and base of the antenne. ‘The
rufo-testaceous specimens have a piceous metasternum
and abdomen.
El Taste.
LONGITARSUS BICOLOR DN. sp.
Oblong, piceous black, shining, head and thorax ru-
fescent, body apterous. Antenne pale at base, darker
externally, joints 2-3-4 about equal in length. Head
smooth. Thorax broader than long, sides irregularly
arcuate, disc moderately convex, sparsely indistinctly
punctate, finely alutaceous, scutellum pale. Elytra ob-
long oval, humeri obliterated, punctate, not coarsely nor
closely, surface shining. Body beneath piceous black,
410 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
shining. Legs rufescent, posterior femora finely alutace-
ous. Length, .o8 inch; 2 mm.
This species is the largest of our apterous forms, and
differs from all known in our fauna by its color.
Margarita Island.
BRUCHUS JULIANUS nN. sp.
Facies robust, approaching scufe//aris, but otherwise
very different, dark chestnut brown, with brownish pu-
bescence variegated with ochreous above, ochreous be-
neath. Head coarsely punctate, a smooth carina between
the eyes which are well separated. Antenne piceous,
the four basal joints pale. Thorax conical, broader at
base than long, surface coarsely and moderately closely
punctate, the intervals densely punctulate surface clothed
at the sides with ochreous pubescence, the middle brown-
ish. Elytra conjointly square with rounded corners, reg-
ularly striato-punctate, the punctures not coarse, intervals
flat, closely punctulate, clothed with rather coarse brown-
ish pubescence with whitish patches irregularly scattered,
some ochreous spots at base and others in alternate inter-
vals forming a much broken fascia at middle. Body be-
neath with ochreous or dull yellow pubescence irregularly
scattered. Pygidium densely clothed with ochreous pu-
bescence. Posterior femora with an acute tooth and three
denticles. Posterior tibiz with a short spur. Length,
.12-.20 inch; 3-5 mm. .
This species belongs to a group in our fauna contain-
ing but few species which approach the scufel/aris group
in form, while Group vii of my revision contains species
of more oblong form. Bruchus is a genus of very diffi-
cult study, and the results obtained by Dr. Sharp in the
more numerous species of Mexico are not more satisfac-
tory than my own published twelve years anteriorly.
Occurs in Texas. San Julio and San Ignacio.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 411
SPERMOPHAGUS (ZABROTES) SEMICINCTUS 0. sp.
Quadrate-oval, robust, black, clothed beneath with cin-
ereous pubescence, above black, variegated with cinereous.
Antenne feebly serrate, more than half the length of the
body, black. Front feebly carinate. Thorax nearly
semicircular with relatively coarse scattered punctures,
the interspaces densely punctulate, clothed with black
pubescence, at sides narrowly cinereous, in front of scutel-
lum a long, narrow, triangular cinereous space branched
in front, between the middle and sides three other cine-
reous spots, one of which joins the margin. Scutellum
white. Elytra striate, striz finely punctate, intervals flat,
densely finely punctulate, clothed with black pubescence
an irregular, narrow cinereous band at middle attaining
the side but not the suture, a few dashes of cinereous on
alternate intervals in front of and behind this band. Py-
gidium black with ochreo-cinereous pubescence along its
anterior border and a conspicuous white line at middle.
Leneth,..09 inch; 2.25 mm.
This species differs from all described in our fauna in
the thoracic markings, and is evidently near to pectoralzs
of Mexico.
Drs Sharp (Biel. Cent. Am... vol: v,.p.492) seems
hardly willing to admit Zabrotes to full generic rank, but
the feebly or not toothed claws, contiguous front coxa,
the shorter scutellum, together with the general facies,
seem to entitle it to recognition. The question, however,
still remains open whether /z¢zvz/ztzus, the type of the ge-
nus Spermophagus, may not be the type of the Zabrotes
group. In that case the latter will truly be a synonym
and the other larger forms as rodznze, etc., will have a
new name.
San José del Cabo.
412 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
TRIMYTIS OBTUSA DN. Sp.
Oblong, piceous black, moderately glossy. Antenne
pale. Head densely and somewhat strigosely punctate,
middle lobe of epistome obtusely triangular. Thorax
about twice as wide at middle as long,
arcuate, base and apex nearly equal, the angles obtuse,
sides regularly
moderately coarsely and closely punctate, somewhat stri-
gose at the sides. Elytra slightly wider at base than the
thorax, with stria of fine punctures not closely placed,
intervals irregularly biseriately punctate, the punctures of
the stria and intervals confused behind the scutellum.
Pro- and mesosternum very coarsely punctured, the pro-
pleure strigose. Abdomen moderately coarsely not closely
punctate. Legs slightly brownish. Length, .15—.18
inch; 4-4.5 mm.
Occurs at Sierra Laguna.
There are now three species of Trimytis known to me,
which may be separated in the following manner:
Thorax distinctly wider at base than at apex, hind angles rectangular, an-
terior angles prominent to the front.
Middle lobe of epistome squarely truncate, front very little strigose at
the sides; thoracic punctuation not coarse nor dense; surface mod-
erately shining. pruinosa.
Middle lobe of epistome semicircular, front closely strigose; thoracic
punctuation rather coarse and close; surface subopaque.
pulverea.
Thorax scarcely perceptibly wider at base than at apex, hind angles obtuse,
anterior angles not produced.
Middle lobe of front obtusely triangular, front not truly strigose but
with coarse punctures longitudinally confluent; thoracic punctua-
tion moderately coarse and close; surface moderately shining, less
on the head and thorax. obtusa.
From an examination of a typical specimen of Pescen-
nius villosus Champion, from Mexico, shows that it does
not differ from Trimytis in structural characters beyond
the fact that the surface is hairy.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 413
‘
EMMENASTRICHUS gen. nov.
This name is proposed for two species which are in
all essential respects Emmenastus, except that the surface
is sparsely clothed with hair more or less erect. This
genus in its relation to Emmenastus parallels that of Pes-
cennius to Trimytis, of which mention has already been
made.
The two species known to me are—
Brownish, hairs moderately long; thorax with large round, closely placed
punctures almost cribrate at the sides. cribratus.
Piceous, hairs short; thorax with elongate punctures, denser and deeper
at the sides. erosus.
In both species the elytral epipleure are punctate, a
character not observed in Emmenastus.
EMMENASTRICHUS CRIBRATUS DN. Sp.
Oblong, similar in form to Ammen. punctatus, brown
or slightly piceous. Head with coarse, round punctures,
close but not crowded, each bearing a short yellow hair.
Thorax not quite twice as wide as long, slightly narrowed
in front, sides feebly arcuate, anterior angles prominent
in front, hind angles sharply rectangular, base slightly
sinuate, surface with coarse, round, closely placed punct-
ures at sides almost cribrate, each bearing a moderately
long erect hair. Elytra oblong oval, with stria of coarse
closely placed punctures, intervals flat irregularly, biser-
iately finely punctate, all the punctures with an erect yel-
low hair longer than that of the thorax. Prothorax
beneath very coarsely cribrate punctate. Meso- and
metothorax similarly but less coarsely punctate. Abdo-
men coarsely not closely punctate, surface beneath
sparsely hairy as above. Femora punctate. Legs sparsely
hairy. Length, .32-.34 inch; 8-8.5 mm.
This species might readily be mistaken at first sight
for an Amphidora; in fact, one was given to me as such.
San José del Cabo.
414 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
EMMENASTRICHUS EROSUS N. sp.
Moderately elongate as Ammen. longulus, piceous, dull.
Head densely coarsely punctate, sparsely hairy. ‘Thorax
nearly twice as wide as long, apex slightly narrower,
sides feebly arcuate, base almost squarely truncate, hind
angles rectangular, apical angles prolonged to the front,
disc sparsely hairy, coarsely and closely punctate, the
punctures elongate and densely crowded at the sides.
Elytra rather obtuse at apex, disc with stria of moderately
coarse and closely placed punctures, intervals flat, uni-
seriately punctate, the third and fourth biseriately, all
the punctures bearing a short, semi-erect fulvous hair.
Prothorax beneath coarsely punctate, the punctures of
the pleure coarser than those of the sternum. Meso-
and metasternum similarly punctate. Abdomen much
less coarsely and less closely punctate. Body beneath
inconspicuously hairy. Femora_ sparsely punctate.
Length, .28anehs. Fem:
One specimen. San José del Cabo.
CENTRIOPTERA ANGULARIS n. sp. Plate vii, fig. 4.
Form more robust than usual in the genus, approaching
Cryptoglossa. ead wanting in the specimen. Thorax
trapezoidal, broader than long, sides arcuate in front,
sinuate behind the middle, the hind angles acute anc
everted, anterior angles acutely prominent to the front,
disc moderately convex, a slight depression along the
base, surface very finely sparsely punctate. Elytra oval,
approaching the form of Cryftog/ossa, disk slightly de-
pressed, surface subsulcate with small distant murications
in the grooves, intervals slightly convex more evidently
muricate especially at the sides, apex gradually declivous.
Prothorax beneath slightly wrinkled. Metasternum with
few coarse punctures. Abdomen very sparsely punctate.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 415
Legs coarsely closely punctate. Length from apex ot
thorax to tip of elytra, .83 inch; 21 mm.
While the absence of the head prevents a certain as-
signment of the species generically there seems to be but
little doubt of the correctness of the assumption that itis
a Centrioptera. It seems to go one step further from the
general form of the genus than tnfausta toward Crypto-
glossa. From all our species it differs in having the
hind angles distinctly everted and the lateral margin in
front of them slightly reflexed. These characters are
faintly indicated in some ¢ufausta.
E] Paraiso.
ASIDA PLANATA DN. sp.
Of the exact form of opaca, black, subopaque. Head
coarsely punctate. Thorax coarsely and closely punc-
tate. Elytra slightly broader at base than the thorax,
humeri distinct, the margin at that point slightly reflexed,
disc transversely flat, the lateral marginal carina very
nearly reaching the apex, surface even, without costz or
wrinkles, with sparsely placed small granules each bear-
ing a minute hair. Prothorax beneath very coarsely
punctured, granulate each side of the coxe. Entire
mesosternum and sides of metasternum granular. Ab-
domen finely sparsely punctate, last two segments more
densely. Legs closely punctate. Length, .63 inch; 16
mm.
In the unique female before me there is a small fovea
each side of the median line in front of the middle of
the disc of the thorax. This is probably individual here
as it is known to be in mordzllosa.
This species may be known by its resemblance to opaca
in form, differing in its almost sculptureless elytra which
are flat in a transverse direction.
San Francisquito.
416 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Asida planata belongs to a group of species which
seems fairly definable. The elytra at base are wider than
the thorax, the humeri rectangular or nearly so and the
lateral margin is distinctly reflexed. In repose the hind an-
gles of the thorax are slightly prolonged over the humeri.
It will be also observed that the mentum does not com-
pletely fill the gular emargination and the ligula is nearly
as distinctly visible as in Branchus. The species belong-
ing to this group are moderately numerous. In the fol-
lowing table will be found the species of our fauna to
which I have added two from Mexico, co//arzs and scutel-
farts, as a means of adding a good number of other forms
from that region which belong near those cited:
Elytra sharply costate, the marginal ridge extending to the apex; hind
angles of the thorax not everted.
Elytral costa regular, the outer one not joining the margin. lirata.
Elytral cost undulating, the outer joining the margin near the humer-
ous. scutellaris.
Elytra not sharply costate.
Marginal ridge of elytra entire, extending from base to apex; hind angles
of thorax everted.
Elytra with three lines of wrinkles replacing the cost, disc trans-
versely convex, more or less shining. mancipata.
Elytra with slightly uneven and very opaque surface, transversely
convex. opaca.
Elytra with transversely flat and almost unsculptured surface,
planata.
Marginal ridge of elytra short, humeral; elytra smooth; hind angles of
thorax not everted.
Thorax scarcely broader at base than apex and very little wider than
long.
Thorax coarsely punctured near the side. guadricollis.
Thorax at sides smooth. collaris.
Thorax broader than long, broader at base than apex. polita.
ASIDA SUBVITTATA 1. Sp-
Somewhat of the form and facies of ofaca but with
the elytra more narrowed at base and expanded pos-
teriorly, dull black, elytra with three vitte of minute
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 417
granules each with a minute spine-like hair. Head mod-
erately coarsely, not densely punctured. ‘Thorax broader
than long, slightly narrower in front, sides feebly arcuate
with a slight sinuation posteriorly, the hind angles acute,
disc moderately convex, a faint trace of a median groove,
coarsely and closely punctured, denser at the sides.
Elytra broadest behind the middle, humeri distinct but
not rectangular, marginal ridge nearly reaching the apex,
disc feebly convex transversely with three vittz (one close
to the suture) formed of minute granules each with a
minute hair, a few scattered granules in the interspace
next the margin, otherwise quite smooth. Prothorax be-
neath punctate at middle, granular at the sides. Meso-
and sides of metasternum coarsely granular. Abdomen
moderately finely not closely punctate bearing short hairs.
Legs roughly punctured. Length, .7o—.82 inch; 18-21
mm. .
This species has no closely related form in our fauna,
although not very. different in outline from morzcordes of
Mexico. It wi'l however be easily known by the feebly
convex disc of elytra (rather less convex than in opaca)
and by the replacement of the costz by rows of minute
setigerous granules.
Pescadero, west side.
ASIDA DENSICOLLIS n. sp. Plate vii, fig. 5.
Very like carinata or bifurca in general form, black,
dull. Head densely punctured. Thorax trapezoidal,
wider than long, widest one-third from apex, apex teebly
emarginate, angles not prominent in front, sides arcuate
in front, oblique behind, hind angles rectangular not
prominent, disc rather strongly convex densely and rather
roughly punctate, more roughened at ‘sides and base.
Elytra oval, broader behind the middle, one-half longer
418 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
than wide, base as wide as the base of thorax, humeri
oblique, marginal costa extending three-fourths to apex,
disc convex with a well marked costa extending from
base within the humerus more than two-thirds to apex,
within this costa a much fainter one, nearly as long,
slightly oblique to the suture, surface finely and moderately
closely granulate. Prosternum coarsely closely punctate,
propleure punctate-granulate. Mesosternum and meta-
sternum granulate. Abdomen muricately punctate, more
coarsely at the sides. Legs muricately punctate with short
hains. Wenoth,..521nchs913) mm’.
This species with the general outline and facies of
carinata has the disc of the thorax convex and more
roughly sculptured for its size than any species in our
fauna. The inner costa of the elytral disc is very faint
resembling a similar structure in acfwosa where the costa
may be entirely absent.
Two specimens. One in Mr. Wickham’s cabinet from
N. Yakima, Wash., the other in my own labelled doubt-
fully as from Oregon.
ASIDA IMPETRATA n. sp. Plate vil, fig. 4.
Form oblong resembling fara//ela, piceous or dark
brown, dull. Head coarsely not closely punctate, occiput
and neck densely punctate. Thorax at least one-half
wider than long, widest slightly behind the middle, base
not wider than apex, apex emarginate with angles prom-
inent to the front, sides regularly arcuate, hind angles
rectangular, disc feebly convex, the lateral margin slightly
explanate and slightly reflexed, surface moderately
coarsely, evenly, but not densely punctate, along the
lateral margin very coarsely punctate, surface with ex-
tremely short yellow hairs, the lateral edge similarly
fimbriate. Elytra oblong, twice as long as wide, at base
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 419
narrower than the thorax, humeri very obliquely rounded,
lateral marginal ridge reaching nearly to the apex, disc
moderately convex and with three coste, the outer be-
ginning at the lateral margin behind the humerus, extend-
ing near to apex and sinuous near its end, the second
costa does not quite reach the base, is slightly oblique to
the suture and indistinctly joins the outer costa near
apex, inner costa faint joining the next outer one fourth
from apex, these coste and the lateral edge fimbriate at
their summits with extremely short hairs, surface very
finely and closely punctate. Pro-, meso- and metasterna
coarsely not closely punctate. Abdomen rather closely
and finely submuricately punctate with short yellow hairs.
Legs roughly puuctate and slightly hairy. Length,
.42-.56 inch; 10.5-I14 mm.
This species must be placed near parallelus differing
in its opaque surface, tricostate elytra and more narrowly
reflexed sides of the thorax.
San Diego and Yuma, California. This species will
doubtless occur in Baja California.
AsIDA EMBAPHIONIDES n. sp. Plate vii, fig. 8.
Form rather slender and graceful, dull brown suture
and two lines on each elytron faintly paler. Head
coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax more than half
wider than long, slightly narrower between the basal than
the apical angles, apex deeply emarginate, base bisinuate,
sides regularly arcuate, disc flat, the margin broad and
widely reflexed, the edge slightly crenulate and with short
hairs, surface sparsely punctate, each puncture with a
short hair. Elytra less than twice as long as wide, widest
at middle, humeri very oblique, lateral margin sharp and
slightly reflexed, marginal line suddenly incurved one-
fourth from apex, thence oblique nearly to apex, disc
nearly flat transversely, surface with sparsely placed erect
420 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
spinules of peculiar structure. Prosternum sparsely
punctate, with short erect hairs, propleurz more coarsely
punctate. Abdomen sparsely finely punctate, with short
erect spinules. Legs roughly punctured with short hairs.
Length, -Go 1nch;’ 15*mm.
This species is very peculiar in its form, having nothing
in our fauna with which it may be compared. The widely
reflexed thoracic margin, the flat and very acutely mar-
gined elytra suggest vaguely Embaphion or some species
of Akis.
The spinules of the elvtra and abdomen are of very
peculiar construction. When examined under the high-
power hand lense they are seen to be really feathers or
spines pectinate on two edges, as in the tibial spurs of
Prionochaeta and some other genera.
One specimen. San José del Cabo.
AstpA WIcCKHAMI n. sp. Plate vii, fig. 7.
Exactly of the form of parallela, dull brown opaque,
thorax less opaque. Head sparsely punctate, slightly
hairy. Thorax about a third wider than long, widest
slightly in front of middle, not wider at base than apex,
sides arcuate, apex moderately emarginate, base bisinu-
ate, disc slightly convex, a finely impressed median line,
lateral margin rather widely reflexed as in faradlela, sur-
face sparsely punctate, each puncture with a short erect
hair, the margin with short hairs. LElytra oval, broadest
slightly behind the middle, humeri distinct but not prom-
inent, marginal ridge extending nearly to apex, disc flat
at middle, a sharply elevated costa arising within the
humerus extends three-fourths to apex, a short costa
branches from the marginal behind the middle and extends
parallel with the inner costa, surface sparsely punctate,
with short erect hairs. Prothorax beneath sparsely punc-
tate. Abdomen finely not closely punctate, with short
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 421
erect hairs. Legs roughly punctured with short hairs.
Length, .56 inch; 14 mm.
This species so closely resembles pavral/ela that a spec-
imen sent me by Mr. Wickham covered with the argilla-
ceous coating so common in Asida was labeled farallela.
It has exactly the same form and facies, but differs in its
opaque surface and by the presence of a short additional
costa branching from the marginal ridge.
Riverside, Arizona. Collected by Mr. H. F. Wickham.
AsIDA CONNIVENS Lec. A short time since, I stated
that this species is the male of d¢fwrca. In the present
series it is shown that the only character of those men-
tioned by Le Conte for the separation of the two species
of any value resides in the prominent hind angles. How-
ever, in a somewhat related species, A. confluens, the
hind angles of the thorax are similarly prominent in the
male, and to that extent confirm the view expressed.
A. HORRIDA Champion, Biol. Cent. Am., iv, Dts weeps
500, pl. xxii, fig. 15, occurs in Texas near the lower Rio
Grande, the Mexican locality being Nuevo Laredo, Tam-
aulipas. It is probably best placed in our series near
sexcostata. ‘The surface has short inconspicuous hairs,
the side margin of thorax reflexed as in Avrsuta, each
elytron with two feeble discal costa parallel with the suture.
A. OBLITERATA Champion, soc. cis., p. 493. This
occurs in southern Arizona. At first glance this species
would be placed near marginata, but the disc of thorax
is scarcely convex and the lateral margin not reflexed,
nor is there the median basal impression.
EUSATTUS SECUTUS n. sp.
Very like Z. dudius, but a little more convex, oblong
oval, black, moderately shining. Head opaque, sparsely
punctate, clypeus nearly entire. Thorax rather more
422 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
than twice as wide as long, widest at base, sides arcuate,
g,
margin not fimbriate, hind angles acutely prolonged be-
hind, disc convex, absolutely impunctate. Elytra smooth
impunctate, without marginal edge. Epipleure gradu-
ally and but little wider at base, absolutely smooth. Pro-
sternum coarsely punctured between the coxe, the tip
rounded and with a distinct marginal bead. Abdomen
very sparsely and finely punctate, shining. Length, .37-
.40 inch; 9-10 mm.
This species could not be mistaken for any other, ex-
cept duwbzus, from which it differs in its smooth surface,
nearly entire clypeus and margined prosternum.
El Taste and San José del Cabo.
BUSATTUS (CILIATUS. My Sp.
Oval, convex, black moderately shining, slightly more
obtuse behind, margin of thorax and the legs ciliate with
long yellowish hairs. Head sparsely finely punctate,
clypeus deeply and broadly emarginate with a moder-
ately deep incisure each side, the entire margin of the
front reflexed. Thorax more than twice as wide as long,
much narrowed in front, sides arcuate, the margin ex-
planate, hind angles slightly prolonged but not acutely,
disc of thorax smooth with a few fine piliterous punctures
near the side. Elytra without lateral margin, surface
with minute sparsely placed submuricate granules each
with a short hair, intervals very minutely alutaceous.
Epipleure gradually wider from apex to base, sparsely
punctate and ciliate. Prosternum sparsely punctate cil-
iate with yellow hairs, the tip narrowly oval with a dis-
tinct marginal bead. Abdomen very sparsely finely punc-
tate. Legs ciliate with moderately long yellowish hairs.
Lengeth,..46 inch; ©£1.5 mm:
This species approaches murécatus in form, with a
suggestion of Coelus from its ciliate thorax.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 423
One specimen, Tantilles Mountains, Big Cafon, Baja
Californias lat.32 long: 116:
The last table of the species of Eusattus appeared in
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1883, p. 304, and will now need
correction for the new species added since.
Elytra with distinct lateral margin. 2
Elytra not margined. 5
2. Epipleurs occupying the entire space below the margin; prosternum
distinctly margined. robustus.
Epipleurz narrow, suddenly broader at base. 3
3. Prosternum distinctly margined at tip; elytra subcostate. costatus.
Prosternum not margined at tip. 4
4. Elytra with faint coste with intermediate reticulations. reticulatus.
Elytra coarsely irregularly eroded. erosus.
5. Prosternum margined at tip. 6
Prosternum not margined. 9
6. Elytra subopaque, punctured, with fine scale-like hairs. puberulus.
Elytra more or less shining, without hairs or scales. a
7. Side margin of thorax explanate and ciliate; clypeus incised, on each
side, ciliatus.
Side margin not explanate nor ciliate; clypeus not incised. 8
8. Prosternum broad, coarsely punctured between the coxe; a distinct
marginal line at the sides of thorax extending on the apex.
secutus.
Prosternum narrow, smooth at tip; thorax without marginal line.
politus.
9. Epipleure suddenly broader at base and smooth; tip of prosternum
rounded and smooth. levis.
Epipleurz gradually broader toward base. 10
10. Epipleurz smooth. 1]
Epipleure punctate and hairy. 12
11. Form oblong, shining. dubius.
Form oval. sculptus.
12. Form oblong. productus.
Form oval, very convex. 13
13. Thorax either smooth or with minute scattered granules.
muricatus.
Thorax distinctly punctate. difficilis.
£. sculptus Champ. includes od/teratus Ch. From
types sent and additional material before me they prove
to be variations parallel to those seen in reféculatus.
2p Ser., Vou, IV. ( 28 ) August 3, 1894.
424 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Specimens of the last four species are found in which
there is shown a faint tendency to a margining of the
prosternum.
ARGOPORIS EBENINA N. sp.
Black, somewhat dull. Head moderately finely and
closely punctate, clypeus truncate. Thorax a little wider
than long, narrower at base than apex, sides moderately
arcuate, slightly sinuate near the hind angles which are
rectangular, disc slightly flattened posteriorly, surface
very finely and moderately closely punctate. Elytra ob-
long oval, widest slightly in front of middle, humeri
slightly dentiform, disc slightly flattened, substriate with
more distinct punctures in the male or with rows of fine
punctures in the female, the seventh interval costiform at
apex, joining an oblong tubercle on the first. Proster-
num finely punctate, propleure granulate. Mesopleure
cribrate, metapleura coarsely punctate. Abdomen finely
punctate, wrinkled longitudinally. Legs black, finely
sparsely punctate. Length, .55-.63 inch; 14-16 mm.
Male.
angle prolonged inward. Posterior femora with a long
Anterior tibiz serrate within, the inner apical
slender tooth one-third from apex. A tuberosity at mid-
dle of first ventral segment.
Female.—Anterior tibia very feebly serrate, the inner
apical angle not prolonged. Posterior femora simple.
This is the largest species in our fauna, differing from
all by the velvety black color of surface and legs, and in
the male it differs from all but the next species in the
presence of but one tooth.
The elytral sculpture of the male consists of fairly im-
pressed striaz with moderate punctures not closely placed,
intervals slightly convex, very finely sparsely punctulate.
In the female there are no striz, simply lines of fine punc-
tures, the intervals flat and minutely punctulate.
Sierra El] Chinche, Pescadero and El Taste.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 425
ARGOPORIS INCONSTANS DN. sp.
Piceous black, rather dull, legs red. Head finely punc
tate, clypeus truncate. Thorax a little wider than long,
slightly narrowed at base, sides feebly arcuate, hind an-
gles distinct, disc slightly flat, surface very finely sparsely
punctulate, sometimes very indistinctly. Elytra oblong,
widest at middle, humeri slightly prominent, surface va-
riable in sculpture either subcostate as in costzpennis or
quite smooth as in a/utacea. Prosternum beneath opaque,
obsoletely punctate. Meso- and metapleure coarsely punc-
tate. Abdomen finely punctate, longitudinally wrinkled.
Length, .45-.53 inch; 1I1.5-13.5 mm.
Varzations.—The extreme form has the elytra striate
with moderately coarse punctures, intervals convex and
near apex costiform. This form is known from San
Diego and San Esteban.
The other extreme has the ordinary series of striate
punctures, the intervals flat, not costiform at apex. San
José del Cabo.
A specimen intermediate is known from San Francis-
quito.
Male.—Very like ebenina. The tubercle on the first
ventral is triplicate.
Fremale.—As in ebenina.
There may be trouble in separating the extreme varia-
tions in the female—one form from costzpennzs, the other
from a/utacea—but in these latter the clypeus is always
arcuate and not truncate.
San Diego, Cal. San Esteban, San Francisquito and
San José del Cabo.
CERENOPUS ATERRIMUS n. sp. _ Plate vii, fig. 10, hind
leg of male.
Form of concolor, but a little more slender, black, feebly
shining. Head sparsely finely punctate, clypeus emargi-
426 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
nate at middle. Thorax as wide as long, widest at ante
rior third, sides regularly arcuate, hind angles rectangular,
disc convex, slightly flattened posteriorly, with extremely
minute punctures sparsely placed. Elytra widest at mid-
dle, scarcely wider than the thorax, humeral angles den-
tiform, the extreme apices conjointly notched, surface
with: very faint traces of stria or absolutely smooth.
Prosternum transversely wrinkled, the pleure sparsely
finely punctate. Meso- and meta-pleure coarsely gran-
ular. Abdomen sparsely finely punctate, first segment
more or less plicate. Legs sparsely finely punctate, the
tibiz rough at apical half. Length, .86-.94 inch; 22—
23)5 min.
Male.
jrolonged. Posterior femora with a long, slender, slightl
F g g aes
Anterior tibia serrate within, the inner angle
curved tooth one-third from apex.
Female.—Anterior tibia not serrate nor with the apical
angle prolonged inward. Posterior femora simple.
This species is readily known by its very black color
and almost sculptureless surface.
Santo Domingo del Taste and San José del Cabo.
CERENOPUS ANGUSTATUS n. sp. Plate vii, fig. 9, head.
Piceous black, rather dull, form slender. Head sparsely
punctate, more evident in the male, clypeus emarginate
at middle. Thorax as broad as long, widest slightly in
front of middle, sides regularly arcuate with a slight
sinuation posteriorly, disc regularly convex, almost ab-
solutely smooth along the middle becoming gradually
more distinctly punctate toward the sides. Elytra oblong,
rather acute posteriorly, humeri prominent, disc with
rows of coarse punctures which are large, shallow and
vague in the male, sharply impressed in the female, the
intervals vaguely convex, slightly costiform near apex.
Prosternum opaque with transverse wrinkles and few
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 427
coarse punctures or granules, the pleure sparsely granu-
late. Meso- and metapleure granulate. Legs sparsely
punctulate, the tibize rougher at apical half. Length, .65
inch; 16.5 mm.
Male.—Anterior tibie serrate within, the inner apical
angle prolonged, anterior femora very abruptly narrowed
at base. Posterior femora with a moderately long, slen-
der tooth one-third from apex.
Female.—Anterior tibiz not serrate within the inner
apical angle prolonged, the femur not abruptly narrowed
at base; posterior femora simple.
In the male the first three ventral segments are slightly
concave and smooth, the sides of the segments granulate-
punctate. The female has the first three segments coarsely
punctate from side to side, at middle slightly flattened.
In both sexes the last two ventrals are finely punctate.
The elytral sculpture of this species is of the same
type as seen in concolor and shows a tendency to vary as
in Argoporis tnconstans.
Two specimens. San José del Cabo.
DoLIOPINES nov. gen.
Form oblong, parallel, depressed, body alate. Head
dissimilar in the sexes, transverse male, oval female, the
clypeal margin truncate male, arcuate female. Eyes
transversely oval, coarsely granulate, deeply emarginate
by the sides of the clypeus. Labrum transverse, feebly
trilobed in front. Mandibles slightly visible beyond
the labrum, apex bidentate. Mentum hexagonal with
rounded angles, emarginate in front, partly membranous
anteriorly. Ligula membranous, lanceolate. Labial palpi
moderate in length last joint cylindrical as long as the
two preceding joints, membranous at tip. Maxillary palpi
longer, the second and fourth joints equal, third shorter,
fourth joint slightly broader to tip, obliquely truncate, tip
428 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.:
membranous. Antenne arising under the sides of clypeus
in front of the eye, more slender and two-thirds the
length of body in male, shorter and more robust in the
female; first joint conical, second small, third as long
(female) or a little longer (male) than the first, joints
4-11 equal in length, slightly flattened, each two-thirds
as long as the third joint. Thorax broader than long.
Scutellum small, triangular. Elytra without explanate
margin, epipleure terminating abruptly near the apex.
Prosternum not wide between the coxe, coxal cavities
round not angulate externally. Middle coxal cavities
slightly open externally with a feeble trochantin. In-
tercoxal process of abdomen acutely triangular. An-
terior tarsi with joints 1-4 small, together scarcely longer
than the fifth, middle tarsi first joint as long as next two,
hind tarsi first joint longer than next two and as long as
the fourth. Vestiture of tarsi consists of stiff hairs. Ab-
domen as in Doliema.
In the above description as many details are given as
possible that the close relationship with Doliema may be
realized. The only valid difference is in the form of the
head, that of Doliema having the sides of the clypeus
prolonged anteriorly in the male and with a distinct sinua-
tion in the female, while in the present genus the clypeus
is arcuate in both sexes more obtuse at middle in the
male.
DOLIOPINES .CUCUJINUS n. sp. Plate vu, figs. 11, 12:
Form oblong, parallel, depressed, piceous or brownish,
feebly shining. Head finely not closely punctate. Thorax
a little less than twice as wide as long, slightly narrower
in front of the female, sides feebly arcuate, the angles
obtuse, base slightly arcuate with a marginal line, disc
freely not closely punctate, a faint basal impression each
side of middle. Elytra very little wider than the thorax,
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 429
parallel, obtuse at apex with a slight sinuation caused by
the abrupt termination of the feeble lateral edge, disc flat
at middle, at sides rounded without sub-marginal edge,
surface finely striate, striz finely, moderately closely
punctate, intervals flat minutely punctulate. Body be-
neath finely not closely punctate. Length, .23—.32 inch;
6-8 mm.
San José del Cabo.
NOTIBIUS REFLEXUS n. Sp.
Form nearly of JV. ofacus, velvety black. Head mod-
erately closely punctate, finer on the clypeus, the latter
moderately deeply emarginate. Thorax broader than
long, widest a little in front of middle, base slightly nar-
rower than apex, sides arcuate, hind angles rectangular.
Elytra slightly oblong or regularly oval, wider than the
thorax, the entire lateral margin visible from above and
slightly reflexed near the humeri, disc convex, very finely
striate, striz finely and closely punctate, intervals flat,
slightly convex near the apex, very finely punctulate.
Prosternum punctate-granulate, propleure strigose. Meso-
and metasternum coarsely punctate. Abdomen finely
punctate. Legs black, finely submuricately punctate.
Length, .15-.20 inch; 4-5 mm.
The anterior tibia are merely slightly broader from
base to apex and similar in the two sexes. The male
has the first two ventral segments slightly flatter at mid-
dle.
This is the only species known to me in which the
entire lateral margin of the elytra is visible from above
and slightly reflexed near the base.
Occurs at San José del Cabo.
430 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
NoTIBIUS COSTIPENNIS n. Sp-
Similar in form to JV. ofacus, black, opaque. Head
roughly punctured between the eyes, clypeus smoother,
broadly emarginate. Thorax broader than long, widest
in front of middle, sides arcuate, hind angles distinct,
disc moderately convex, punctuation dense and some-
what strigose longitudinally, surface very opaque. Ely-
tra a little wider than the prothorax, disc convex, deeply
sulcate, with a row of coarse ill-defined punctures, inter-
vals acutely costiform. Prosternum coarsely not deeply
punctured, propleure longitudinally strigose. Metaster-
num at sides coarsely punctate. Abdomen sparsely
punctate and more shining. Legs black, alutaceous,
not closely submuricately punctate. Length, .22 inch;
Seis aavaol
Of this species I have seen but two somewhat mutilated
specimens, which show no evidence of sexual difference.
It resembles saw/catus, but differs from that in having the
thorax distinctly narrower behind, as in ofacus, and by
the acute elytral intervals.
Magdalena Island and Lower Purisima.
Notibius is used in the same sense as in the Class. Col.
N.A. or my Revision of the Tenebrionidz. Inthe Proc.
N. Y. Acad. Sciences, v; 1890, Capt. Casey has modi-
fied the definition of Conibius and Notibius in such a
manner as to cause a rather heterogeneus distribution of
the species and requiring the formation of the genus Con-
ibiosoma, which is certainly untenable.
HELOPS PINGUIS N. sp.
Form nearly intermediate between farctus and @reus,
castaneous brown (slightly immature? ), the surface faintly
bronzed. Antenne slender, two-thirds the length of
body, joints 4-7 and 8-11 equal in length, the last series
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 431
distinctly longer than the first. Front flat or slightly con-
cave, moderately coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax
nearly twice as wide as long, widest at middle, apex
truncate, angles not prominent, sides arcuate, the margin
acute, base truncate with obtuse angles, disc moderately
convex, a crescentic depression near the base, moder-
ately coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra oval, slightly
prolonged at apex, convex, moderately deeply striate,
striz coarsely not closely punctate near base, gradually
more finely toward apex where the punctures disappear,
intervals convex, smooth. Prothorax beneath at middle
and sides more coarsely punctured than above. Meso-
and metasternum less coarsely punctured. Abdomen
more sparsely and gradually more finely punctate toward
the apex. Body apterous. Length, .26 inch; 6.5 mm.
The form of this species is more nearly that of @reus,
although more robust, while the rather deeply striate
elytra suggest farctus.
The name Helops is used in the sense intended by
Lacordaire. The numerous genera into which it has
been divided are not only difficult of appreciation, but so
indefinite that disagreement with the position of species
is expressed by about every one who has followed Allard.
One specimen. Coral de Piedra, Sierra El Taste.
PHEDIUS OPACULUS nN. sp.
Dull black, opaque, form very like carbonarius. An-
tennez black or brownish. Head punctate, not coarsely,
somewhat more closely in the male. Thorax one-fourth
wider than long, slightly narrower at apex than base,
sides feebly arcuate, base feebly arcuate, hind angles
obtuse, disc convex, sparsely punctate. Elytra oval,
convex, slightly wider at base than the thorax, disc with
striz of faint punctures sometimes nearly obliterated, in-
432 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
tervals flat, not punctate, the surface microscopically
alutaceous. Body beneath very sparsely punctate. Ab-
domen smooth. Legs finely sparsely punctate. Length,
.36-.40 inch; 9-10 mm.
At first sight this insect would be thought a Helops
allied to dificelis or spretus. ‘The figure given by Mr.
Champion (Biols, iv, pt. 1, pls xx;-ie 19) very closely
resembles our species, excepting the pilose surface of
carbonarius. It is, however, more closely related to
hidalgoensis, which, however, has the interstices finely
and sparsely punctured.
Sierra Laguna, El Taste and Pescadero.
ALLECULA SORDIDA “i. sp.
Brownish black, dull, sparsely clothed with short black
erect hair. Head coarsely and moderately closely punc-
tate. Thorax about one-fourth wider than long, narrower
in front, sides arcuate in front then parallel to base, hind
angles rather obtuse, disc convex, a slight median im-
pression near the base, basal fovea small, surface densely
and moderately coarsely punctate. Elytra with striz of
moderate size, closely placed punctures, the stria slightly
impressed near the apex, intervals flat punctate, punctures
as large as of the striz, but gradually finer to apex.
Prothorax more sparsely punctured beneath than above,
sides of meso- and metasternum more coarsely punctured.
Abdomen finely sparsely punctate. Body beneath with
short yellow hairs. Legs closely punctate. Length,
401ineh; LO mam.
This species resembles the figure of rugzcollis Ch.
(Biol., iv, pt. 1, pl. xviii, fig. 17), and from descmption
seems most closely related to pz/7pes Ch.
One female specimen. Coral de Piedra, Sierra El
Taste.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 433
LysTRONYCHUS CHAMPIONI nN. sp.
Entirely black, sub-opaque. Head densely and rela-
tively coarsely punctured. Thorax more than half wider
than long, sides strongly arcuate from the front angles to
middle where there are two distinct teeth, thence narrow-
ing to base, disc regularly convex, very densely punc-
tured. Elytra broader than the thorax, slightly wider
behind the middle, disc with striz of very closely placed
punctures, the intervals flat with a single row of punc-
tures, some of which are much larger and bear a short,
erect, stiff black hair, submarginal stria quite deeply im-
pressed. Prosternum coarsely sparsely punctate, the
pleurze densely punctate. Meso-metasternum coarsely
punctate. Abdomen shining much more finely and
sparsely punctate. Legs black, punctate. Length, .28
inch; 7mm.
A slightly larger and more convex species than scapu-
lar?s with less opaque surface, which has a faint bluish
tinge. The humeral red spot in the Mexican species
being a constant character affords an additional means of
distinction. The above described species with scapularts
and denticoll7s agree in having the sides of the thorax bi-
dentate.
I dedicate the species to Mr. Champion, who has given
us in his treatment of the genera of Mexico the correct
elements for proper classification of the family.
One female, western Texas.
The two species now known in our fauna are as follows:
Antenne slender, outer joints not flattened; thorax scarcely wider than
long, the sides not dentate. piliferus.
Antenne broader externally, the joints subserrate; thorax broader than
long, sides bidentate at middle. Championi.
Both species occur in Texas, the former extending as
far as Brazil.
4.34 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
HYMENORUS PLANULUS 0. sp.
Oblong, parallel, similar in form to occzdentalis but
much more depressed, piceous, semi-opaque, antennz
and legs ferruginous. Antenne not longer than half the
body, third joint longer than fourth. Head coarsely not
closely punctate, clypeus more densely, eyes large, nar-
rowly separated. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides
arcuate in front nearly parallel in basal half, hind angles
sharply rectangular, disc slightly convex, coarsely densely
punctured (as in occrdentalis ). Scutellum densely punc-
tured. Elytra a little wider than the thorax, sides nearly
parallel, gradually narrowing at apical third, the sutural
angle obtuse, disc flat finely striate, striz closely finely
punctate, intervals flat, moderately closely punctate and
with short brown hair. Prosternum densely punctate,
propleurz quite smooth near the margin. Abdomen shin-
ing, sparsely finely punctate. First joint of hind tarsus
longer than the following joints. Length, .30 inch; 7.5
mm.
One female specimen evidently related to occ¢dentalzs
from the table given by Capt. Casey (Ann. N.Y. Acad.,
1891, p. 86), but differing in smaller size, much more de-
pressed form, darker color and less pubescent surface.
E1 Taste.
HYMENORUS SPINIFER 0. Sp.
Oblong, sub-depressed, piceous, slightly shining,
sparsely clothed with short brownish hair, form very like
occidentalis, but more depressed. Antenne about half
the length of the body, ferruginous or piceous, third joint
in both sexes very little longer than the fourth. Eyes
large, narrowly separated, head coarsely punctured be-
tween them. Outer side of last joint of maxillary palpus
longer than the apical side. Thorax about a third wider
than long, sides convergent nearly from the base, more
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 435
arcuate anteriorly, hind angles rectangular, disc moder-
ately convex, coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra
more than twice as long as wide, sides parallel, arcuately
narrowing at apical third, the apex slightly sinuate near
the suture, the sutural angle prolonged into a spine, disc
slightly flattened, finely striate, striae finely punctured,
intervals flat, submuricately punctulate, but not densely.
Prothorax beneath densely punctured and opaque, the
propleure near the margin much smoother. Abdomen
shining, sparsely finely punctate. First joint of hind
tarsus longer than the following joints. Length, .37—.48
inch; 9.5—12 mm.
This species is described with the view of introducing
an element in Hymenorus hitherto unrecorded—the spin-
iform prolongation of the sutural angle. I have, in addi-
tion, a second species closely resembling occ¢dentalis
superficially, with the sutural angle acute, but never with
the spine so well developed as in spinifer. ‘The species
now described is related to occ/dental’s and is the largest
species known in the genus.
Mr. Champion has recorded the spiniform suture in
several species of Lobopoda, and, from the yet unstudied
material in my cabinet, the line of demarcation between
that genus and Hymenorus is becoming gradually effaced.
Four specimens. Southern Arizona.
SISENES CHAMPIONI n. sp.
Elongate, nearly parallel male, broader behind female,
head and thorax black shining, witha slight tinge of blue,
elytra entirely orange-yellow with similar pubescence.
Antenne black, slender in both sexes, third joint shorter
than the fourth. Head elongate, sparsely, finely and in-
distinctly punctate. Thorax one-fourth longer than wide,
widest one-third from apex, sides anteriorly slightly arcu-
ate, posteriorly feebly sinuate, disc feebly convex a vague
436 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
triangular flattening from the apex toward base, finely,
sparsely punctate a broad vitta of fulvous hairs each side,
black along the middle. Scutellum black. Elytra nearly
twice as wide as the base of the thorax, disc faintly tri-
costate, one costa on the deflexed sides the other two su- -
perior within the humerus, surface densely finely punc-
tate, clothed with short fulvous hairs. Body beneath and
legs deep blue-black, shining. Abdomen sparsely punc-
tate. Length, .36-.40 inch; 9-10 mm.
The male has the last ventral segment deeply emargi-
nate, in the female it is simply truncate. This species
belongs to Champion’s group 1—a characterized by filiform
antenna in both sexes, and with the first four joints of
the front and middle tarsi and the third of the hind tarsi
tomentose beneath.
From the figures given by Mr. Champion of many of
his species there is no indication of as elongate a head as
the present species. In fact, the head is nearly as elon-
gate as in Rhinoplatia.
Collected in southern Arizona (Morrison).
MACROBASIS TENUILINEATA Nn. sp.
Elongate, castaneo-testaceous, moderately densely
clothed with grayish white pubescence forming three
slender more distinct lines on the disc of each elytron
and one less distinct at the sides. “Antenne slender,
black. Head densely punctured. Thorax longer than
wide, sides convergent in front, parallel behind the mid-
dle, surface densely punctured, a finely impressed me-
dian line. Elytra parallel densely punctured, cinereo-
pubescent distinctly denser in three lines on the disc of
each. Body beneath densely punctured and pubescent,
the apical margin of each ventral segment piceous. Legs
concolorous the knees piceous. Length, .40—-.55 inch;
IO-14 mm.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 437
Male.—First joint of antenne not difformed, shorter
than second, this somewhat thickened and nearly as long
as the next three. Anterior tibiz with two spurs.
Fremale.—Second joint of antenne not thickened and
not longer than the first.
The first two joints of the female antennz are conspic-
uously cinereo-pubescent, in the male nearly glabrous.
In all the females before me there is a piceous spot each
side of the scutellum and in front of the humeral umbone,
not seen in the male.
This species may be associated with éenw7s and uwnicolor
in the arrangement suggested by me some years ago
CEroc. Am, Philos: 50¢., 1873, ps 89):
Sonora, Mexico and San José del Cabo.
CALOSPASTA DECOLORATA DN. sp.
Form rather short, deep violet, the elytra entirely red-
dish-yellow (male), or with an oval piceous spot on the
middle of suture. Antennz short, compact. Head
broadly oval, occiput truncate, surface coarsely irregu-
larly punctate. Thorax quadrate, broader than long, nar-
rowed for a short distance in front, disc feebly convex
without median impressed line, surface nearly smooth
with very indistinct scattered punctures (male), or with
coarse irregularly placed punctures (female). Elytra
much wider at base than the thorax sides parallel (male),
or slightly divergent (female), surface coarsely scabrous
with two feeble costa on the disc near the suture. Body
beneath deep blue, sparsely silken pubescent. Legs blue,
sparsely hairy. Length, .30-.36 inch; 7.5-9g mm.
In the male the last ventral segment has a small acute
notch, in the female truncate. The upper surface from
indications is sparsely clothed with short silken pubes-
cence. The spurs of all the tibiz are slender and sim-
ilar.
438 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
From its broad thorax and other characters this species
should be placed near Fu//er7, from which it differs rad-
ically in color.
Calmalli Mines.
It is highly probable that Mr. Champion has realized
the extremely close relationship existing between Calos-
pasta, Tegrodera and Eupompha, and but few more spe-
cies are needed to unite the three beyond question. Re-
cently (Ann. N. Y. Acad., 1891, p. 175) Capt. Casey has
described the genus Negalius, which does not show any
structural differences from Calospasta, the grooved man-
dibles and dilated tarsi occurring in the latter genus.
The most remarkable discovery, however, is the result
of the collections of Mr. D. W. Coquillett of Los Angeles.
During a visit to him in May, 1893, he gave me what I
recognized as a Calospasta. The male has the form of
Fullert (which is rather that of a Tetraonyx than a Ca-
lospasta), but the female is from any standpoint of class-
ification a Meloide, apterous and with the meso -coxe
overlapping the metasternum. In fact, the female was
described by me many years ago as J/egetra opaca.
Megetra opaca, or Calospasta opaca, as it must now be
called, is somewhat variable. I have three series of spec-
imens, the first represented by six taken by Mr. Gabb
near Los Angeles about thirty years ago; a second series
of eleven from Morrison, taken about ten or twelve years
ago, with no special locality other than southern Califor-
nia; a third series from Mr. Coquillett, taken near Los
Angeles in 1893. The first two series are all females.
In the last series three are males and four females.
The last series has the elytra coarsely punctate sca-
brous, the first series the elytra are less coarsely punctate
and less coarsely scabrous, while the Morrison series is
comparatively smooth. These subdivisions are not sharply
drawn, but describe the general aspect of each series.
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 439
As opaca must now be placed in Calospasta, it can be
separated from /w//erz in the following manner:
Thorax moderately shining with scattered coarse punctures; elytra entirely
covering the body in both sexes which are winged. Fulleri.
Thorax opaque comparatively smooth and impunctate; elytra covering the
body in the male, body winged, elytra much abbreviated and diver-
gent from the seutellum, body opterous in the female. opaca.
From the study thus briefly made the further conclu-
sion suggests itself that the tribe Meloini, based as it is
on apterous forms and the consequently short metaster-
num, is unnatural, and that the genera composing it
should form part of other tribes. Thus Meloe would as-
sociate with Cantharis, Henous with Epicauta, the two
species of Nomaspis divide—one toward Cantharis, the
other to Epicauta. Megetra and Poreospasta ally with
Calospasta, Tegrodera et al. Cysteodemus seems un-
related. We have already in Hornia an apterous Sitaride,
although Mr. Champion has allowed himself to be misled
by the prevailing methods of classification, and has formed
for it a tribe apart.
PyROTA TROCHANTERICA N. sp.
Elongate, black, feebly shining, head and thorax in
part yellow, elytra with the suture, margin and apex nar-
rowly yellow and an arcuately oblique yellow vitta each
side of the scutellum. Antenne black, slender, setace-
ous. Head elongate oval, very sparsely punctate, occi-
put black, front yellow with a central piceous spot and
four smaller ones anteriorly in an arcuate row. Labrum
black, coarsely punctate. Thorax much longer than
wide, sides parallel behind, obliquely narrowing in front,
disc rather flat, smooth, a few punctures at the sides,
color in great part black, in front yellow to a variable ex-
tent. Scutellum black. Elytra moderately closely punc-
tulate and vaguely tricostate. Body beneath black.
2p SER., Vou. IV. ( 29) June 2, 1894,
440 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Trochanters conspicuously yellow. Legs black, the ba-
sal half of the middle and hind tibiz yellow. Length,
.36-.64 inch; 9-16 mm.
Male.—Last joint of maxillary palpus transverse, nar-
rowly oval, inner angle acute, the under side concave.
Fifth ventral segment triangularly impressed at apex,
sixth deeply and broadly emarginate.
Female. — Last joint of palpus cylindrical, slightly
broader at middle, apex truncate. Last ventral segment
with a small triangular notch.
This species resembles zzsez/ata Lec., but the elytra
have not the apical yellow spot. The legs, including the
trochanters, are entirely black in zmsu/ata. The elytral
coloration resembles the figure of d7v7rgata var. (Biol.,
iv, pt. 1, pl. 21, fig. 17), but the color of the trochaniers
is not noticed in the descriptions, and if conspicuously
pale, as in ¢rochantericus, would certainly have been.
Sierra E] Chinche 2,000 feet.
TETRAONYX DUBIOSUS n. Sp.
Rufous, clothed with very fine short pubescence, opaque
resembling 7. fronta/7s in form and color. Head uni-
colored closely punctate. Thorax more than twice as
wide as long, disc uneven, a vague depression of middle
near the base and within each hind angle, surface closely
punctate. Scutellum rufous. Elytra densely punctate,
extremely finely bicostate. Body beneath rufescent, more
shining, less punctate and pubescent than above. Meta-
sternum piceous along the posterior border, met - epister-
num tipped with black. Ventral segments with a trans-
versely oval spot on each side. Legs rufous, knees, tips
of tibiz and tarsi black. Length, .52 inch; 13 mm.
This species resembles frontalis, but the head is en-
tirely red and the underside also rufous. It must be re-
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 441
lated to decipiens, but Haag makes no mention of the
ventral spots, and the tibiw are in that entirely black.
In our species the thorax is closely and regularly punc-
tate; in deczpiens it is irregular and in groups.
One specimen. El] Chinche, San Julio.
EPIC4RUS LUCANUS n. Sp.
Pyriform, moderately robust, elytra densely clothed
with cinereous and ochreous scales forming an illy de-
fined pattern of three oblique fascia on each side, the
inflexed portion of sides much whiter. Rostrum quad-
rangular, parallel, flat above, a fine median groove end-
ing ina fove between the eyes, lateral sulci wanting or
indicated by a vague fovea, surface above coarsely sparsely
punctate and sparsely scaly, beneath densely scaly. Tho-
rax conical with slightly arcuate sides, the base a fourth
wider than long, disc convex, the median line with a fine
groove interrupted at middle, surface with coarse scat-
tered punctures, the interspaces finely punctate, scaly
vestiture not dense; under side of prothorax very densely
scaly. Elytra regularly oval, not compressed at apex,
with striz of coarse deep punctures, intervals (when
abraded) very finely punctulate, scaly vestiture dense
with very short erect hairs irregularly placed. Body be-
neath very densely scaly. Middle and posterior femora
conspicuously more densely scaly at apex. Length
(apex of thorax to tip of elytra), .32-.58 inch; 8+1r4.5
mm.
This species is given a name not without some misgiv-
ings that it may be one of the forms described from Mex-
ico, but the descriptions of some of the more recently
described species from that region are annoyingly short
and unsatisfactory. As compared with our Boreal Amer-
ican species it is far more robust than ¢mdricatus, approach-
442 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ng the form of formzdo/osus, but difters from either spe-
cies by the absence of the lateral sulci of the rostrum.
Sierra El] Chinche, Pescadero and San José del Cabo.
RHIGOPSIS SIMPLEX Nn. Sp-
General form of /. efracta and recalling the facies of
some macrops, clothed with dirty white, broadly oval
thin scales, the middle and sides of thorax darker and
with series of darker spots on the elytra. Beak with fine
median sulcus extending from apex to occiput, lateral
sulci scarcely evident. Thorax broader than long, widest
near apex sides straight and slightly convergent behind,
a slight post-apical constriction, disc very coarsely and
deeply punctured, a vague median depression. Elytra
regularly oval, disc convex the suture and two discal
coste feebly elevated without tuberosities, the intervals
with striz of coarse punctures almost entirely concealed
by the broad leaf-like scales. Body beneath with brown-
ish-white scales. Length, .18 inch; 4.5 mm.
As in effracta the surface has short, semi-erect curved
hairs, sometimes concealed by the surface exudation.
This species may be known from efracta by the absence
of tuberosities, the feeble elytral costa and the almost
entire absence of lateral rostral sulci.
Calmalli Mines.
An examination of my series of /. ef/racta shows that
Pe. scutellata Cas. (Ann. N. Y. Acad., 1888, p. 242) can-
not be retained as distinct, the species having doubtless
been described from females. The scutellar character
has no value, as several of my specimens have the scutel-
lum entirely concealed by the elevations near it.
GEODERCODES HISPIDUS Nn. sp-
Oblong, piceous, densely dotted with brownish scales
with paler scales intermixed on the disc, at sides the
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 443
whiter scales predominant and with moderately long and
slender cinereous hairs over the entire surface. Head
very sparsely coarsely punctate. Thorax nearly a half
wider than long, broadest at middle, sides regularly arcu-
ate, a feeble post-apical constriction, surface very indis-
tinctly coarsely punctate. Elytra oval, the sides parallel
for a short distance, humeri rounded, disc finely punctato-
striate, intervals flat, irregularly biseriately punctate, each
puncture with an erect hair. Body beneath with paler,
less dense scales and with shorter hairs. Legs moder-
ately densely scaly and with long hairs. Length, .20
inch; 5 mm.
I place this very inconspicuous insect in Geodercodes,
from the fact that the second ventral segment is longer
than the next two and the front tibiz are not serrulate
within. It has the general form of Geoderces but less
robust. The moderately long hairs is a character uni-
versal in this part of the Otiorhynchide series.
One specimen. San Jorge.
THRICOLEPIS? SEMINUDA DN. sp.
Form elongate, resembling in facies a diminutive Per-
ataxia rugicollis, sparsely clothed with easily removable
scales and with an irregular row of short whitish hairs on
each interval. Beak longer than the head, longitudinally
plicate, eyes surrounded by a groove, scrobes terminal,
vague. Scape of antennz passing slightly the apex of
thorax, shorter than the funiculus, the first two joints of
which are moderately long and equal. ‘Thorax wider
than long, sides regularly arcuate, a feeble post-apical
constriction, disc convex, coarsely deeply and closely
punctate. Elytra oblong-oval, nearly twice as long as
wide, with regular rows of moderately coarse and closely
placed punctures, the intervals flat and more than twice
as wide as the striae, the scales narrow, semi-erect and
444 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
deciduous. Abdomen sparsely punctate, the first seg-
ment transversely wrinkled. Legs paler, sparsely hairy.
Length, .161nch; 4:mm.
This species may be compared in facies to a small Per-
wtaxia rugicollis, and almost equally to an elongate Aw-
omias pellucidus. I place it in Thricolepis temporarily
to avoid the necessity of erecting a genus for each new
species. Unfortunately, the Le Conte system of classi-
fication of the Curculionide, as a whole, is so radically
different from that of Lacordaire that it 1s impossible to
correlate the genera, especially of the Otiorhynchide,
without actual comparison; and the more genera estab-
lished on unique species and specimens, the greater will
be the confusion in the future.
Two specimens. San Julio.
SCYTHROPUS DELICATULUS nN. sp.
Form rather slender, densely clothed with pale green,
oval, pearly scales. Antenne pale testaceous. Head
with few short erect hairs, especially on the beak.
Thorax very little wider than long, sides very feebly
arcuate. Elytra widest behind the middle, disc finely
striate, the punctures closely placed, intervals slightly
convex. Body beneath less densely scaly, the scales
more metallic. Legs*pale honey yellow. | Wength)\ or
inch: 3.5 mm.
A small, delicate species, with a facies of some of the
European Phyllobius.
Baste’
MirrosTvLUS “GRACIEIS Q.-sp-
Form rather slender, densely clothed with ashy white
rounded scales, elytra often maculate or banded with
black. Antenne pale brown. Head with numerous
elongate scales intermixed. Thorax variable, from longer
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 445
than wide to slightly wider than long, slightly wider at
base than apex, sides feebly arcuate. Elytra oblong-oval,
nearly twice as long as wide, base equaling the base of
the thorax, disc finely striate, striae finely closely punc-
tate, intervals feebly convex. Body beneath less densely
clothed than above. Legsscaly. Length, .14—.19 inch;
3.5-4.75 mm.
This species varies to such an extent that with a few
selected specimens it might be divided into three species.
The first variety has on each elytron behind the base an
oval brown-black spot variable in size, at the declivity a
crescentic fascia of similar color, and near the apex an
oval spot.
In this form the cinereous scales of the surface have
numerous brown ones intermixed.
In the second form the sub-basal spots are small, the
crescentic fascia is reduced to a small spot on each side
and the apical spot is minute.
The third variety has the spots so small that they might
be mistaken for accidental abrasions.
Specimens are before me with the post-basal spots alone
present, others again with these absent and the two pos-
terior spots present and very small.
Coral de Piedra, Sierra E] Chinche and San José del
Cabo.
POLYDROSUS PENINSULARIS DN. Sp.
Form nearly of dorsalzs, clothed with cinereous scales,
the elytra with a sinuous fascia of darker color at the
declivity, variable -in width and color. Antenne pale,
the club darker, scape joint longer than the hind margin
of the eye. Head with some blackish scales. Thorax
‘not longer than wide, slightly narrower in front, sides
very feebly arcuate, disc covered with intermixed darker
446 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
scales. Scutellum longer than wide. Elytra much wider
at base than the base of the thorax, a little wider behind
the middle, humeri moderately prominent, disc convex,
with fine stria, stria not densely punctured, intervals flat,
with a row of extremely short sete. Body beneath scaly
as above. Legs pale brown, with scales and hairs.
Femora not dentate, tibia not sulcate. Length, .o8—.12
inch; 2-3 mm.
The specimens examined vary in the distinctness of
the sinuous elytral band, in one specimen scarcely dis-
cernible.
This species is a true Polydrosus, and from the struc-
ture of the antenne and their scrobes is related to the
European ¢ereticollis.
With Polydrosus the genus Cyphomimus is synony-
mous, as indicated by Bedel (Coleop. du Bassin de la
Seine, vi, p. 57, note). The species described by me as
C’. dorsalis is probably the same as Polydrosus americanus
Gyll.
Coral de Piedra, El Taste, San José. del Cabo.
CoOPTURUS QUADRIDENS ND. sp.
Form moderately robust, densely clothed with white
scales ornamented with brown. Front narrow, with in-
termixed white and brown scales extending on the beak.
Thorax as wide as long, constricted at apex, the angles
prominent, limiting the constriction behind is an arcuate
row of six tubercles, a tubercle at the middle of the apical
margin, two tubercles on the disc behind the two middle
tubercles of the arcuate series, sides of thorax irregular,
median line carinate, surface with white scales with a
transverse brownish space at base and the tips of the dis-
cal tubercles. Elytra each prolonged in a_ truncate
tubercle, a post-basal transverse ridge, on each elytron at
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 447
middle an arcuate row of four tubercles on each, convex
anteriorly, tipped with fuscous scales, a tubercle on each
elytron before the apex, surface with strie of coarse
punctures almost entirely concealed by the scales, vestiture
of white and brown scales intermixed. Body beneath uni-
formly clothed with dirty white scales, the legs with in-
termixed scales. Femora not toothed. Second ventral
segment quadrituberculate along its posterior border.
Léneth, 14 inch; 3.5, mm.
Among the species at present known in our fauna this
one is related to mammzllatus, but it differs strikingly
from all by the pronounced tuberosities of the thorax
and elytra.
One specimen. El] Taste.
BARIS PENINSULZ Nn. sp.
Oblong-oval, form and general appearance of swbenea,
black, shining, a slight eneous surface lustre. Beak
stout, closely and relatively coarsely punctate, head
almost smooth. ‘Thorax as wide at base as long, slightly
narrowed in front, disc convex, coarsely and closely
punctate with an incomplete,smooth median line, each
puncture with a narrow white scale. Elytra slightly nar-
rowed behind, about one-fourth longer than the thorax,
deeply striate, intervals flat, the third a little wider and
contusedly biseriately punctate, the other intervals irreg-
ularly uniseriately punctate, each puncture with an
elongate white scale. Pygidium coarsely and densely
punctured. Body beneath coarsely and closely punctate,
less so on the abdomen, each puncture with an elongate
white scale. Prosternum not as wide between the coxe
as the width of one of the coxe. Tibizx straight, without
external dentiform process. Length, .15 inch; 4 mm.,
nearly.
448 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Of this species four specimens have been examined.
It seems to be related to aprzca Casey. The genus Baris,
as accepted by Le Conte, has been subdivided by Capt.
Casey, one of the important characters being the separa-
tion of the anterior coxe, whether narrowly or widely. I
have not been able to realize the importance of this char-
acter, as the transition is so gradual that the position of a
species becomes purely opinionative and controlled by
facies.
San José del Cabo.
ANTHRIBUS VAGUS D0. sp.
Cylindrical, moderately densely clothed with intermixed
whitish and ochreous scale-like hairs, the paler scales
more numerous in an indefinite region behind the base of
the elytra. Head and beak marmorate with ochreous and
white scales. Thorax slightly wider at base than long,
narrower in front, sides arcuate, disc convex coarsely
punctate, with three erect tufts of brown scales forming
an arcuate row at middle, surface marmorate with ochre-
ous and whitish scales, an arcuate line each side of mid-
dle semi-nude. Elytral sculpture almost concealed by
the vestiture and consists of rows of moderately coarse
punctures, the vestiture of whitish and ochreous scale-
like hairs, an indistinct band paler behind the base, the
declivity also paler, on each elytron three tufts of brown-
ish scales, in a row the posterior tuft more distant from
the second than that is from the first. Body beneath with
sparser more hair-like vestiture. Legs with longer whitish
hairs.: eneth,).18 inchs 4.5 imm;:
One specimen. El] Taste.
tS ena nee
9Q 92 og 99
=
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baja} af bay
og
SOE GOST SOS SOUS SC Sho =
="
02 0 Ue 02 OQ
See ee SOU Ce RO a
COLEOPTERA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PLATE VII.
Cremastochilus opaculus Horn.
Acmeodera stigmata Horn,
Acmeodera clausa Horn.
Centrioptera angularis Horn.
Asida densicollis Horn.
Asida impetrata Horn.
Asida Wickhami Horn.
Asida embaphionides Horn.
Head of Cerenopus angustatus Horn.
10. Hind leg of male of Cerenopus aterrimus Horn.
ll. Doliopines cucujinus Horn.
12. Head and thorax of D. cucujinus, female.
PLate VIII.
Vesperoctenus Flohri Bates.
Head of same, front view.
Hind tarsus of same.
Acmeodera cribricollis Horn.
Acmeodera maculifera Horn.
Acmeodera scapularis Horn.
Trichodes peninsularis Horn.
Dysphenges elongatulus Horn.
Xestobium elegans Horn, antenna.
. Thorax of Thermonectes peninsularis Horn.
449
NOTES ON CROTALUS MITCHELLII AND “ CROTA-
LUS PYRREUS:”
BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH.
Among many interesting reptiles in the collection of
the California Academy of Sciences are ten specimens of
Crotalus mitchelliz, which throw much light upon the var*
iation and distribution of this little-known species.
Crotalus mitchell? was first described by Professor
Cope (Proc. Acad.,-Phil., 1861, p. 263)), tromimea ‘singele
specimen collected by Mr. John Xantus at Cape St. Lucas,
Lower California. Mr. L. Belding secured another in-
dividual at La Paz in 1882. These seem to be the only
specimens of this species which have reached herpetolo-
gists, from this region.
Five years later (1. c. 1866, pp. 308 and 310) Professor
Cope described a rattlesnake, obtained by Dr. Elliott
Coues near Fort Whipple, Arizona, under the name of
Caudisona pyrrha.
C. pyrrhus was stated to differ from C. mztchellii—
tst, by being ‘‘salmon red (pale vermillion)’’ instead
of ‘‘ greyish yellow ”’ ;
2d, by having four loreals instead of one;
3d, two very small instead of two elongated preoculars ;
4th, rattle subacuminate instead of parallelogramatic ;
5th, fourteen instead of sixteen labials;
6th, two rows of smooth lateral scales on each side in-
stead of one.
Dr. Stejneger, in a‘ very interesting paper i jue
‘oWest American Scientist-’ for April 1601, statesean
C. pyrrhus: ‘*None of the specimens obtained since
(the type) show a similar coloring. * * * In all (five)
of them the ground color is a slightly buffy white, more
or less sprinkled with black dots, giving it a kind of
2p SER., Vou. IV. September 25, 1894.
NOTES ON CROTALUS MITCHELLII. 451
‘pepper and salt’ appearance. ‘The larger blotches on
the back are very wide (transversely) and of a brownish
clay color, becoming brighter posteriorly; the borders of
these blotches are marked with more or less isolated
blackish spots. In Dr. Street’s report the paleness of
his specimen is attributed to fading in alcohol, but as Mr.
Orcutt’s specimens were received quite fresh, it is evi-
dent that it is the type which is unusually colored, and
no@inexothers. ~Vhis* pepper and salt style 1s’ the
coloration of C’. mztchelli7, as exhibited by eight of the
specimens in the California Academy, and about as set
forth in the original description. When it has been said
that the other specimens of C. mztchel/iz in the California
Academy collection, from Las Huavitas and Sierra El
Taste, Lower California, are both decidedly red, as de-
scribed below, it will be seen that there remains no color
distinction between the supposed two forms.
In regard to the second and third distinctions, Dr.
steqneser “has written (ec) p.v167 jx °° The “original
character relied upon for the distinction of these two
species, viz., the number of loreals, there being one in
the type of C. mztchellit and four in that of C. pyrrhus,
breaks down upon an examination of the specimens which
have come to light since. In this respect Mr. Orcutt’s
larger specimen is particularly interesting, inasmuch as
on one side of the head it has a very long lower pre-
orbital, the condition which obtains in C’. mztchelliz, while
on the other side this plate is divided as in the other
specimens of C. pyrrhus.’’ The worthlessness of these
characters is further shown by the great variation in the
number, size and shape of these plates in the Academy
specimens, as described below.
The fourth distinction is scarcely worthy of mention,
there being so much variation in the shape of the rattle
452 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
in other species. The series of C’. mztchelliz shows it to
be valueless as a specific character, the difference in
shape being perhaps due to the presence or loss of its
terminal segments.
The fifth and sixth points of difference likewise prove
to be untenable. Four of the ten specimens which I have
been able to examine have sixteen labials, two have fif-
teen, two fourteen, and two have fifteen on the right side
and sixteen on the left. The number of smooth rows of
scales varies from none to two.
The original distinctions between C. mztchellit and
C. pyrrhus are thus all disposed of, but Dr. Stejneger
adds (l.c. p. 167): ‘‘I have not the type of C. mztchelliz
at hand now, but a second specimen was collected by
Mr. L. Belding at La Paz, L. C., in 1882, and, judging
from this, the chief difference seems to consist in the
double row of small scales interposed between the rostral
and the prenasal, while in all the known specimens of
C. pyrrhus there is only a single series. By this means
the nostrils in C. mztchellit appear to be placed further
back, and the space between nostril and eye is corre-
spondingly shortened.”’ This character also fails upon
an examination of a larger series, as is shown in the fol-
lowing notes on the specimens before me:
C.A.S., No. 623. . Santa Margarita Island, W. E.
Bryant, Feb., 1889. Right side: One loreal; lower pre-
orbital long; two series of scales between nasal and ros-
tral. Left side: Two loreals; lower preorbital long and
united with upper; two series of scales between nasal
and rostral, but those of the posterior series very small.
Fifteen labials and one row of smooth scales on each side.
Color above rich cream, with the dorsal patches indicated
on the middle of the body by a slight tinge of pale sepia.
These are not visible upon neck, but are almost distinct
9
NOTES ON CROTALUS MITCHELLII. 450
posteriorly. Dotted everywhere above with dark brown
and black. This is much the palest of the ten. Length,
29.20 inches, exclusive of rattle.
Ce AES INe: 654. Las) Huavitas; L. CeoWs EE: Bry-
ant, 1889. Loreals 3-4. Lower preorbitals very small,
upper very large. Right prenasal very large, in contact
with rostral. Left prenasal obsolete, nostril separated
from rostral plate partly by two, partly by three rows of
scales. Labials fifteen to sixteen. One row of smooth
scales. Color, bright vinaceous-cinnamon, more pinkish
on head and neck. Dorsal markings faintly indicated
anteriorly by a slight deepening of the ground color in
patches, about whose edges the deep brown and black
punctulations are more or less crowded. Posteriorly
these markings reach the gastrosteges and become first
hazel, then chestnut. The tail is gray with three black
bars. Length to base of rattle, twenty-five inches.
@ Ac S., No. 764. Sierra El Taste, Cape Region
Lower California, Dr. Eisen, Sept., 1893. Loreals 3-3.
Two preorbitals on right side, lower very long and nar-
row. Three preorbitals on left, lower as on right.
Inter-naso-rostrals in partly one and partly two series on
right side; two series on left. Labials sixteen. One row
of smooth scales. _Ochraceous-rufous mixed with ochra-
ceous-buff. Dark dorsal patches, visible even on neck,
cinnamon with a crowding of the black dots which occur
on almost the whole upper surface. Top of head Van-
dyke brown, changing to hair brown on temples. Band
under eye, and labials salmon-buff, the latter with cream-
colored tips. Tail gray, with black cross-bars. Length
to rattle, 35.75 inches.
C. A. S., No. 765. San José del Cabo, .iCal.,. Dr
G. Eisen, Oct., 1893. Loreals 2-4. Preoculars—Lower,
on each side, is narrow and very long; upper on left is
454 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
normal, on right twice as large, evidently having united
with what is on the left side the largest loreal. Inter-
naso-rostrals in partly one and partly two series on each
side. Fourteen labials. Norow of smooth scales. Col-
ors of this and the following specimens about as stated in
the original description. Length, 36.75 inches.
©. Ay S:, No: 768... San Joséadel® Cabo, Uae iis
Gustav Eisen, Sept., 1893. Loreals 3-3 Preoculars
normal. Inter-naso-rostrals are in two series on right,
partly one and partly two on left side. Sixteen labials.
One row of smooth scales. Length, 34 inches.
C. A. S., No. 766. In bottle containing also some
lizards, a turtle, anda label saying: ‘‘ Terrapin from
mainland abreast of San José Is.’’ Loreals 2-4. Pre-
oculars 2-3. One series between nasal and rostral on
each side. Sixteen labials. ‘Two series of smooth scales.
C. Av S., Now767: San) jose del Cabo La Clb
G. Eisen, Sept., 1893. Loreals 1-1. Preoculars nor-
mal (z.e., two on each side, the lower being very long
and narrow). Inter-naso-rostrals in one series on each
side. Labials fourteen. One series of smooth scales.
Length, 34.60 inches.
C. A.5.,,No. 769, san José del ‘Cabo, Lower Cali
G. Eisen, Sept., 1893. Loreals 3-3. Preoculars nor-
mal. Inter-naso-rostrals in partly one and partly two
series: on each side,’ Pifteem labials) “One semesmon
smooth scales.
©, A.S., No. 770. . San José deliCabo, Lower Cale
G, Eisen, Sept:,.1893.. Lorealsv2=2. Rreeculars thee
on each side, the middle one extending almost to the
nasal plate. Inter-naso-rostrals in two series on each
side. One row of smooth scales. Labials 16-16.
C. A. S;, No. 771. -San José del ‘Cabo, Gx Misenk
Oct., 1889, ° Loreals 4-3. Preoculars as in. No. 770;
NOLESVON (CROTALUS MITCHEMIN. 455
Two series of inter-naso-rostral scales on each side. No
row of smooth scales. Labials 15-16.
Crotalus pyrrhus is, therefore, a name which has been
applied to northern specimens of C. mtchelli7, and must
be regarded as a synonym of the latter (earlier) name.
Besides the ten in the collection of the California
Academy, as mentioned above, the known specimens of
Crotalus mitchellii are, then, eight in number, as follows:
MUSEUM. No. Locatiry. COLLECTOR, REMARKS,
Smithsonian Inst. 52913 Cape St. Lucas, Lower Cal. ........ Tone Xantus...... Type.
U. S. National ../12625\La Paz, Lower Cal.................. ii. Belding. eee.
do. 6606 Cation Prieto, Arizona.............. (Dr. E. Coues...... Type of C. pyrrha
do. 8669 Mojave Desert, Arizona............ |Dr. O. Loew....... Head only.
do, 8562, Angel de la Guardia Is., Gulf of Cal. (Dr. T. H. Streets. .
do. do. Chas. H. Townsend
Near
do. Colorado Desert, San Diego Co., Cal. (Cana Orcuttoeeaeee “Mt. Springs.”
do. do. do. do,
PHRYNOSOMA SOLARIS, WITH A NOTE ON ITS
DISTRIBUTION.
BY JOHN VAN DENBURGH.
On page 229 of his ‘‘ Catalogue of the Specimens of
Lizards in the British Museum’”’ (published in 1845),
J. E. Gray, in the enumeration of specimens of Phryno-
soma coronatum, wrote ‘‘d—Adult, in spirits. The
spines on the occiput forming a continued frill. Cali-
forma. -27..solanes: Gray, Bo Mi:
This description, though so short, states the character
which separates the species, now universally known as
Phrynosoma regale, from all other known members of the
genus. Since the A. O. U. Code expressly says that an
identifiable description is sufficient for the establishment
of a specific name, and since it was not until 1858 that
Girard* described the same species under the name of
P.regale, the latter is a synonym of, and must give place
to, P. solarts Gray.
It seems strange that this name has been so generally
ignored by herpetologists since Gray. Indeed, Cope
appears to be the only author who mentions it at all,f
and he merely as a synonym of P. rega/e, overlooking
the fact that P. so/arzs is much the older name.
Boulengert mentions the only specimen in the British
Museum under the head of P. rega/e, although it is doubt-
less Gray’s type of P. solaris.
A specimen in the collection of the California Academy
of Sciences, from Las Animas Bay, Lower California,
considerably extends the known range to this species. It
appears to differ in no way from Arizonan specimens.
*U.S. Explor. Exped. under Chas. Wilkes, 1858, p. 406.
t Proc. Acad. Phil., 1866, p. 302.
¢ Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1885, vol. ii, p.
2p Szr., Vou. IV. September 25, 1894,
DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW POCKET MICE FROM
LOWER CALIFORNIA, COLLECTED BY WALTER
E. BRYANT.
BY DR. C. HART MERRIAM.
Some time ago Mr. Walter E. Bryant sent me a col-
lection of Pocket Mice, obtained by himself during his
explorations in the Peninsula of Lower California. The
collection comprises 40 specimens (skins and skulls),
chiefly from the Cape Region and adjacent Islands of
San José and Santa Margarita, and also from Comondu
near the central part of the Peninsula. Critical examin-
ation of this material shows it to contain four unde-
scribed forms, all in the sub-genus Chetodipus, three of
which belong to the spzzatws group—previously known
from a single species inhabiting the Colorado Desert.
The fourth is a small representative of the Penzcrllatus
group, the range of which is thus carried southward to
San Jorge, near Comondu. Unfortunately only a single
specimen was obtained, the large series from Comondu
consisting wholly of a member of the spzvatus group in-
termediate between spzvatus and peninsule. ‘The largest
and handsomest of the new species was found on San
José Island, and it gives me much pleasure to associate
with it the name of Mr. Bryant, who has done more than
all others to make known the fauna of this part of
Mexico:
The accompanying figures belong to the U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture. Permission to use them in the
present connection was granted through the courtesy of
Dr. Chas. W. Dabney, Jr., Assistant Secretary of Agri-
culture.
2D SER., VoL. IV. September 25, 1894,
458 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Perognathus bryanti* sp. nov.
Type from San José Island., Lower California. No.
S616 ad. * Collection of Califormia Academy or Ser
ences. Collected May 2, 1892, by Walter E. Bryant.
Original number, 629.
Measurements (taken in flesh).—Type: Total length,
216; tail vertebra, 127; hind foot, 25. Ear from ante-
rior base, 9.5 (in dry skin).
Average measurements of three specimens from type
locality: Total length, 215; tail vertebra, 124.6; hind
foot, 2595 Cariinom motch,. £1,
General characters.—Similar to C. spznatus but much
larger, with a much longer and more heavily crested tail;
ears longer and darker; whiskers longer and heavier,
reaching middle of back; pelage everywhere coarser and
more spiny; rump spines conspicuous as in spenatus.
Color.—Upper parts drab gray, becom-
ing brownish on the back in old pelage,
plentifully lined with black hairs; under
parts, fore and hind feet and fore legs
white; no lateral stripe; tail bicolor, dusky
above, white beneath.
Cranial characters.—Skull similar to that
of spénatus but very much larger (total
UNE length 27 instead of 23); interparietal more
Fig.1. P. bryant. than twice as broad as long, strap-shaped
or very broadly and flatly pentagonal. Compared with
C. spinatus peninsula from the adjacent mainland the
skull is narrower and slightly smaller, but the cranial
differences are slight.
General remarks.—C. dryantz is the largest and hand-
*Named in honor of its collector, Mr. Walter E. Bryant, who has done
so much to increase our knowledge of the fauna of Lower California.
POCKET MICE FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 459
somest species of the sfznatus group. It has a long and
heavily crested tail, and differs from peninsul@ much as
P. formosus of Dulzura, Cal., differs from P. fallax of
the adjacent region.
Perognathus margarite sp. nov.
Type from Santa Margarita Island, Lower California.
No. 90 2 ad. Collection of California Academy of Sci-
ences. Collected March 2, 1889, by Walter E. Bryant.
Original number, 231.
Measurements of type (taken from dry skin).—Total
length, 170; tail vertebrae, 102; hind foot, 22.5; ear from
anterior base, 8.5.
Average measurements of two specimens from type
locality (measured in flesh) 2) otal length, 182; tail ver-
tebre, 101; hind foot, 22.
General characters.—Similar to C. spinatus, but some-
what larger and darker; decidedly smaller than either
bryant? or pentnsule ; rump spines smaller than in spina-
tus and éryantz; tail rather short and slender and only
sparsely crested; resembles pencnsule very Closely in ex-
ternal appearance, but differs in cranial characters and
size.
Color.—Upper parts varying from drab-
gray on sides to grizzled black and yellow-
ish-brown'on back, from coarse admixture
of black hairs: under parts and feet white;
tail bicolor, dusky above, whitish beneath.
Cranial characters.—Skull similar to spt-
natus, but slightly longer, more arched and
relatively narrower posteriorly ; interparietal
broadest in the middle instead of anteriorly,
with parieto-occipital suture opposite middle,
instead of anterior corner (much as in californicus );
Fig.2. P. margarite.
460 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
lachrymals decidedly larger; posterior ends of nasals and
premaxillary together forming a deep emargination. Total
length of skull, 25; mastoid breadth, 12. (In sfénatus
the length is 23.5, while the mastoid breadth remains the
same, 12.)
Perognathus spinatus peninsule subsp. nov.
Type from San José del Cabo, Peninsula of Lower
California. No. 274 6 yg. ad. Collection of California
Academy of Sciences. Collected September 11, 1891,
by Walter E. Bryant. Original number, 460.
Measurements (taken in flesh).—Type: Total length,
198; tail vertebre, 107; hind foot, 23. Ear from anterior
base, 9 (in dry skin).
Average measurements of three specimens from type
locality: Total length, 195; tail vertebrae, 108.6; hind
foot, 24.
General characters.—Similar to C. sfenatus but con-
siderably larger, with much larger ears, and coarser
pelage [pelage less coarse than in dryant7]; rump spines
as in spenatus; tail slender and sparsely crested as in
sprnatus—not heavily crested as in dryantz.
: Color.— Upper parts drab-gray heavily
lined with black hairs, and becoming brown-
ish in worn pelage; under parts and feet
white; tail bicolor, dusky above, white be-
\ neath.
# Cranial characters.—Skull similar to that
My of spénatus but very much larger (total length
28 instead of 23.5), flatter, with angles of
interparietal usually more rounded.
Fig. 3. P. peninsula.
Notre.—This animal is sufficiently different from spz-
natus to merit full specific recognition except for the fact
POCKET MICE FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA. 401
that specimens from the middle part of the peninsula
(Comondu) are intermediate between it and sfznatus.
Perognathus arenarius. sp. nov.
Type from San Jorge, near Comondu, Lower Califor-
nia, No. 99 ? ad. Collection of California Academy
of Sciences. Collected March 17, 1889, by Walter E.
Bryant. Original number, 242.
Measurements (taken from well made dry skin).—
Type: Total length, 136; tail vertebrae, 70; hind foot,
20; Car from anterior base, 7.
General characters. — Size smallest of the known
species of Chelodipus; pelage hispid but not spiny; no
spines on rump or elsewhere; tail rather short and only
sparsely crested; skull broad and square.
en Color.—Upper parts drab-brown, darkest
i along the middle of the back, and not notice-
ably mixed with black-tipped hairs; under
§ parts, fore legs and feet and hind feet white;
no lateral line; tail bicolor, brownish above,
7 white beneath.
) ~Cranial characters.—Skull short and broad;
maxillary arms of zygoma standing out squarely
Fig 4. P.arenarius. and widely, so that the zygomata are parallel
instead of narrowing anteriorly; interparietal more than
twice as broad as long, strap-shaped or broadly and flatly
pentagonal, broadest in front; parieto-occipital suture
opposite antero-lateral corner of interparietal; audital
bulla much swollen and rather short. Total length of
skull, 22.5; mastoid breadth, 12; zygomatic breadth an-
terionly, (Li.
General remarks.—P. arenaritus is a member of the
penicillatus series, and is the smallest species of the group
yet described.
462 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Average measurements of Pocket Mice of the Perog-
nathus spinatus group:
Z
5; e | 9
+ = =| Po
= jo <a
i, a | 2 |ou
e ASM || are
& | & see
= & | st iB
aa: a
TP POUR GALE. anes). Santa Margarita Id., L. Cal./182 |101 (22.5) 2
POPU GIVE oe: Rebeca «> San José Id., Ge 214.6)124.625 3
P. spinatus peninsule. .| San José del Cabo, ee 195 |108.6 24
Intergrades between \
: j Pee Comondu e ] 5|2
spinatus and peninsule.| J ? 88 111.5 22
|
IPEPSOINGLUS ene nee: Colorado Desert, California.!172 99 (21.4
oD w w
THE ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO.
BY PETER SP CALV ER.
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
(With Plates xv, xvi, xvii.)
In January, 1893, I was offered for examination a small
collection of dragon-flies from Baja California belonging
to the California Academy of Sciences and was asked to
prepare a memoir upon the subject. Upon my acceptance
of this proposal, dry specimens collected by Mr. Charles
D. Haines in various localities, and others in alcohol,
mainly from San José del Cabo, were sent tome. The
examination of this lot was well nigh completed when, in
December, 1893, a much larger collectionin alcohol, made,
as the labels showed, mainly by Dr. Gustav Eisen, in the
Cape Region, in September and October, 1893, was re-
ceived by me. No further collections being then contem-
plated by the Academy, this paper was completed, but in
January, 1895, I received additional collections from the
Cape Region made by Dr. Eisen and Mr. Frank H. Vaslit
in September, 1894. The total number of specimens
which I have thus been able to examine has been over
2600, representing forty species.
The objects of this paper are:
1. To give a complete list, with localities, of the Odo-
nata of Baja California. If we except two or three brief
notices of a line each, nothing has hitherto been published
on the dragon-flies of this region.
2. ‘To describe and figure such of the species as had
hitherto not been sufficiently illustrated.
3. To determine the amount of variation in structural
details, especially in the venation of the wings, assumed
to be of generic character. For lack of time, I have not
included the collections made in September, 1894, in es+
2p Srer., Vou. IV. ( 31 ) February 19, 1895,
404 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
timating the amount of variation, except where the con-
trary is expressly stated.
A brief summary of the results obtained follows.
1. The Mexican territory of Baja California, com-
prising the peninsula of Old or Lower California, is some
750 miles long, and stretches in latitude from 32° 34’ N
to 22° 50° N. Its lower portion, the Cape San Lucas
region, thus lies within the tropics. Of this Cape Region,
Mr. T. S. Brandagee states: ‘‘ The Flora of the coast is
subtropical and a considerable portion West Indian, many
of the plants perhaps introduced; that of the elevated
regions is largely Sonoran.”’
Collections of Odonata were made at the following
places:
(a) in the upper or supra-tropical portion, chiefly by
Mr: Haines; at El Rosario 30° 7° IN, 1257/38 Wee
San: Raymundo 25° 26° 'N, 2rr- 19° W,, or:g07 45 Ne
115° 48’ W.
Comondu 26° 18’ N, 111° 53’ W.
San Luis 25% Nj 1a 7) W, or 24° 5S Nera 4awe
BiiParaiso 28-40. NV 1re 34° W.
San Mernando 297.57 IN; 215.7 iW.
San Ignacio 25° 30° -N.) rE1- 227° W, toni 27° <5 aur
Tre? 45 WwW.
Baja Purisima 26° N, 112 W.
(6) in the Cape or tropical portion, chiefly by Dr.
Eisen and Mr. Vaslit, at San José del Cabo 22° 58’ N,
109° 45° W, Mesa Verde, Coral de Piedras, Sierra Lagu-
na, Sierra El Taste, Miraflores and Sierra San Lazaro.
* The latitudes and longitudes, which are approximate only, have been
obtained by measurement from the ‘‘ Carta General de la Republica Mexi-
cana formada en el Ministerio de Fomento con los datos mas recientes
por disposicion del Secretario del Ramo, Gener alCarlos Pacheco. 1890.”
Some help has been gained from the map in Gaston Routier’s ‘‘La Mex-
ique.” Paris, H. Le Soudier, 1891.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 465
Considering the peninsula as a whole, the number and
names of the species are:
Subfamily CALOPTERYGIN” (1 sp.)
1. Heterina californica Hag.
Subfamily AGRIONIN® (11 sp.)
2. Archilestes grandis Ramb. 8. Enallagma cecum Hag.
3. Argia agrioides (Selys MS.)* 9. Enallagma Hiseni.*
4. Argia vivida Selys. 10. Lschnura Ramburii, var. cre-
5. Argia cuprea Hag. dula Hag.
6. Argia enea Selys. ll. UJschnura exstriata.*
7. Erythragrion saluum Hag. 12. Ischnura cervula Selys.
Subfamily GompHin” (2 sp.)
13. Progomphus obscurus Ramb. 14. Octogomphus specularis Selys.
Subfamily AscHNINz (6 sp.)
15. M&schna luteipennis Burm. 18. dschna constricta Say.
16. Aschna cornigera Brau. 19. Anax junius Dru.
17. dschna multicolor Hag. 20. Anax Walsinghami McLach.
Subfamily LIBELLULIN” (20 sp.)
21. Pantala flavescens Fabr. 31. Macrothemis imitans Karsch.
22. Pantala hymenea Say. 32. Macrothemis inequiunguis.*
23. Vramea onusta Hag. 33. Trithemis basifusca.*
24. Tramea longicauda Brau.? var. 34. Micrathyria didyma Selys.
25. Libellula saturata Ubler. 35. Micrathyria Hagenii Kirby.
26. Pseudoleon superbus Hag. 36. Micrathyria equalis Hag.
27. Orthemis ferruginea Fabr. 37. Diplax corrupta Hag.
28. Dythemis sterilis Hag. 38. Diplax illota Hag.
29. Dythemis russata (Hag. MS.)* 39. Cannacria furcata Hag.
30. Dythemis mendax Hag. 40. Mesothemis simplicicollis, var.
collocata Hag.
Of the above, nine species—/Heterina californica,
Progomphus obscurus, Aeschna multicolor, AE. constricta,
Anax Junius, Pantalahymenea, Libellula saturata, Diplax
corrupta, Mesothemts simplicicollis—are distributed over
a considerable part of temperate North America, espec-
ially the western part. Dythemzs russata is only known
elsewhere from Arizona, Dyth. mendax from Texas.
* New species.
466 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Anax Walsinghamt, Diplax illota, Ischnura exstriata,
Z. cervula and Octogomphus specularts are Pacific Coast
species, the last three being known elsewhere from Cal-
ifornia only. Argvaagriotdes and A. vivida also inhabit
California and Texas. Eighteen species are thus chiefly
Nearctic in distribution, although all are not confined to
that province, while some may be entitled to rank as
‘¢ Sonoran.’’
Species of mainly Neotropical distribution, eighteen in
number, are Argva cuprea, A. wenea, Pseudoleon super-
bus; Enallagma cecum, Ischnura Ramburii var. credula,
Tramea onusta, Orthemis ferruginea, Micrathyria didyma,
M. Hagentt, M. equalis, Cannacria furcata; Archilestes
grandis, Erythragrion salvum,; A¢schna lutetpennis, 4.
cornigera, Tramea longicauda, Dythemts sterilis, Macro-
thems imitans. Of these, the first three are confined to
Mexico, the second group of eight occur in the West
Indies and elsewhere, the last five were not hitherto known
to exist outside of South America.
Lastly, Hnallagma Eisent, Macrothemis tnequiunguis,
and 7yrzthemis basifusca, all here described as new, are,
according to our present knowledge, restricted to Baja
California, while Pantala flavescens is almost world-wide
in distribution.
22 nox species, (INios23,.05.11, 29, 32, 33) OF the, pue-
ceding list) from Baja California have been described as
new. for a considerable number descriptions have been
given which are much fuller than those previously exist-
ing. Structural details have been illustrated for 39 of
the 40 species, the figures having been made from speci-
mens from Baja California, except in the cases of Octo-
gomphus specularts and Cannacria furcata. A few species
from California, U. S. A., sent with the others, have, for
obvious reasons, been noticed, including descriptions and
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 407
figures of two new species, J/schnura? erratica and
schna californica, while special mention must be made
of the reported occurrence in California of Calopteryx
maculata not hitherto known west of Kansas, Euthore
fasciata of Venezuela and Colombia, and Epophthalmia
elegans of China and Japan (see the appendix).
3. The generic variations given are, first, variations
from conditions assumed by other writers to be SeneLics
second, variations from those adopted in this paper as
generic. They are to be found under the respective
species.
A few words should be said on the specimens preserved
in alcohol. Dr. Eisen having written that collections
could be made in that way, I suggested that the insects
should be placed at once in strong, warm alcohol. The
result has been to preserve the bright and brilliant colors
of these dragon-flies in a most gratifying way, and it is
difficult to believe that after a lapse of one year any con-
siderable fading has taken place. Such magnificent
colors as those of Anax Walsinghamt, A&schna lutetpen-
nis, Libellula saturata, etc., have thus been as available
for description as if from fresh individuals. It should be
stated that, except when under examination, the speci-
mens have been kept in alcohol and in the dark.
I desire to acknowledge the valuable assistance rendered
me by the Baron Edmond de Selys-Longchamps, of
Liége, Belgium, on the difficult genus Areva as mentioned
in the text. Mr. Samuel Henshaw has done me the great
kindness of comparing specimens of Euallagma Event,
Dythemis sterilis and Trithemis basifusca with the collec-
tion in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge,
Mass.
468 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
CHARACTERS OF THE MAsor GrRovups.*
Suborder I. ZYGOPTERA. Front and hind wings similar in shape or
nearly so, usually elevated in repose; no membranule; with an unmodi-
fied quadrilateral. Males with two inferior terminal abdominal appen-
dages, penis and its vesicle separate. Nymphs with three caudal
tracheal-gills.
Family 1. AGRionIpm. Head transversely elongated; eyes separated
from each other; lateral lobes of the labium of two joints, middle
lobe bifid. Females with genital vaives.
Subfamily 1. Calopterygine. At least five, and usually more
antecubitals.
Subfamily 2. Agrionine. Two, occasionally three, antecubitals,
wings stalked at base, quadrilateral not cross-veined (except in
the S. Amer. Anomisma).
Suborder II. ANISOPTERA. Wings dissimilar, hind wings usually
broader at base; horizontal in repose; usually with a membranule;
quadrilateral modified to form a cardinal cell (triangle) and a supra-
triangle. Males with one inferior terminal abdominal appendage, penis
and its vesicle connected. Nymphs without caudal tracheal-gills.
Family 2. Hscunipm. Triangles of front and hind wings of similar
shape (except in some Gomphine). Antecubitals of first and
second series not coincident, except the first and one other (the
latter is variable in position) which two are thicker than their
fellows. Postcubitals in the entire second series. Lateral lobes of
the labium of two joints. Males often with auricles on 2, and the
anal margin of the hind wings excavated.
Subfamily 3. Gomphine. Head transversely elongated, eyes sep-
arated. Abdomen without lateral carine. Females without
genital valves (except in the legion Petalura).
Subfamily 4. Cordulegasterine. Head transversely elongated,
eyes a little separated or meeting in a single point dorsally.
Abdomen without lateral carine. Females without genital
valves.
Subfamily 5. @schnine. Head globose, eyes meeting on the top
of the head for aspace. Abdomen with lateral carinw. Females
with genital valves. :
*Those unacquainted with the technical terms applied to these insects
will find the necessary information in the present writer’s ‘‘ Introduction
to the study of this group of Insects” in The Transactions of the Amer-
ican Entomological Society, vol. xx, pp. 153-218. Philadelphia, October,
1893. Also published separately, same paging, by the Society.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 469
Family 3. LipertuLip%. Triangle of front wings with its long axis
at right angles to the length of the wing, triangle of hind wings
with its long axis coinciding with that of the wing. Antecubitals of
first and second series mostly coincident. No postcubitals in the
nodal end of the second series. Lateral lobes of the labium of one
joint. Head globose, eyes meeting on the top of the head. Abdo-
men with lateral carine. Femaies without genital valves.
Subfamily 6. Corduline. Hind margin of eyes produced as a
small tubercle. Usually a small bundle of fine hairs on the
distal anterior surface of the first femora. Males with auricles
on 2, anal margin of hind wings excavated, distal end of first
tibiz with an inferior carina.
Subfamily 7. Libelluline. Hind margin of eyes not produced as
a small tubercle, or with a mere trace of such. Males without
auricles on 2, anal margin of hind wings not excavated.
No Cordulegasterine or Corduline are known to in-
habit Baja California.
CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA (imagos only).
Subfamily CALOPTERYGIN#E.
Legion Calopteryx Selys. Sectors of the arculus arising from below its
middle, antecubitals of first and second series nearly equal in number,
quadrilateral as long as the basilar space, pterostigma absent or of from
one to several cells. Epistoma not projecting as much as the length of
the eyes.
Basilar space cross-veined, arculus not broken, no inferior branch to
the lower sector of the triangle; ¢ wings with a basal red spot, cells
of postcostal space on front wings irregular. Heterina.
Subfamily AGRIONIN#,
I. Legion Lestes Selys. Median and subnodal sectors parting from the
principal sector much nearer the arculus than the nodus; ¢ superior ap-
pendages forcipated.
Nodal sector parting from the principal one and a half cells after the
nodus; supplementary sectors between the subnodal and the me-
dian, and the median and the short, and other sectors.
’ Archilestes.
II. Legion Agrion Selys. Median and subnodal sectors parting from the
principal sector near the nodus; quadrilateral trapezoidal, upper side
shorter than the lower, lower outer angle acute: no supplementary sec-
tors except the ultra-nodal; lower sector of the triangle extending to the
hind margin of the wing; pterostigma of but one cell.
470 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Hairs of the tibixw about twice as longas the intervals between them; a
single row of postcostal cells; arculus complete, lying in the pro-
longation of the second antecubital; tarsal nails toothed, tooth
shorter than the nail proper. Argia.
Hairs of the tibia never twice as long as, but generally shorter than,
the intervals between them; otherwise as in Argia.
2 with no apical ventral spine on 8. Postcostal vein separating
from the hind margin of the wing—in the majority of individ-
uals—at the basal postcostal cross-vein or at a less distance in
front than the latter is long;* no pale postocular spots; abdomen
moderate; color red; tooth of tarsal nails very small.
Erythragrion.
2 with an apical ventral spine on 8.t Postcostal vein separating
from hind margin of wing at least as far in front of the basal
postcostal cross-vein as the latter is long; pale postocular spots
present.
Pterostigma of é similar in color on front and hind wings, no
dorsal bifid process on 10 (except HL. evsulans é ).
Enallagma.
Pterostigma of 6 darker on front wings than on hind wings,
10 with a dorsal process, bifid at apex, in the males.
Ischnura.
Subfamily GoMPHIN”.
Legion Gomphoides Selys. All or some of the triangles with cross-veins;
membranule wanting or very small.
Feet moderate (hind femora reaching back to 1); front wings with
upper side of triangle longer than the inner, outer side longest,
broken, no supratriangulars, sectors of arculus separated at origin;
frons prominent. Progomphus.
Legion Gomphus Selys. All the triangles and the supratriangular spaces
free; membranule wanting or very small.
Superior appendages of ¢ about as longas 10, each one bifid; inferior
appendage bifid, each branch bifid. No lateral membranous appen-
dages to 8. Vertex of 2 tuberculous. Octogomphus.
Subfamily ASscHNIN”.
I. Upper piece of arculus equal to or longer than the lower piece, its
upper sector arising a short distance above the lower sector, being sep-
arated from the latter by a distance 4-4 of that separating the upper
sector from the median nerve. Supplementary sector between subnodal
“See the statistics on this subject given under Hrythragrion salvum, post.
+ Except in /schnura? erratica n. sp.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 471
and median sectors curved at its middle away from the former or its
posterior branch, with 3-7 rows of cells between them at that place.
Subnodal sector forked or with several small branches. Suture between
the eyes not longer than combined length of vertex and frons measured
on mid-dorsalline. Subcosta not prolonged beyond the nodus. 4 with
anal triangleand anal angle on hind wings, and auricles on 2.
A}schna.
II. Upper piece of arculus shorter than the lower piece, its upper sector
arising close to the median vein (midway between the latter and the
lower sector). External branch of lower sector in hind wings approach-
ing the upper sector for its apical half, being parallel to it and separated
by one row of cells. 4(¢) or 5(Q)-10 usually with a supplementary
lateral carina above the usual one. 4 with no anal triangle on hind
wings, anal angle rounded off, no auricles on 2. Anax.
Subfamily LiBpeLLULIN”[.
I. Lower angle of triangle of front wings placed as far beyond the level
of the outer angle of the triangle of the hind wings, as the latter triangle
is long; eyes connected for a space at most not much greater than the
thickness of the vertex; no antenodel concavity on front margin of
wings; tarsal nails toothed.
Ab. seg. 3 and 4 with two additional transverse carine, 5 with one;
nodal sector waved; anterior iamina of 4 bifid. Pantala.
Ab. seg. 3 and 4 with one additional transverse carina, 5 with none;
sectors of arculus arising from a common stalk; triangle of front
wings crossed; nodal sector not waved or broken; anterior lamina
of 6 entire. Tramea.
II. Lower angle of triangle of front wings placed on a level with the
outer angle of the triangle of the hind wings or only a little beyond it;
otherwise as in (I).
A. Hind lobe of the prothorax with its middle portion produced
upwards and backwards and narrower than the other lobes, its hind
margin usually entire; triangle not densely reticulated.
a. Sectors of the arculus in the front wings not arising by a
common stalk.
Nodal sector wayed in its middle, supratriangulars present
on front wings, triangle of hind wings often crossed, 6 with
no ventral hooks on Ist ab. seg., Q with no projecting
vulvar lamina. Libellula.
b. Sectors of the arculus in the front wings variable with or
without a common stalk at origin.
Nodal sector waved in its middle, triangle of hind wings
cross veined, ¢ with no ventral hooks on Ist ab. seg., 2 with
yulyar lamina projecting at right angles to the abdomen.
Pseudoleon.
472 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
c. Sectors of the arculus in the front wings arising by a dis-
tinctly common stalk; triangle of hind wings free. (Triangle
of front wings not broken to form a trapezium.)
Last antenodal on front wings continued to the median vein;
inner side of triangle of hind wings in the prolongation of
the areulus.
Nodal sector distinctly waved in its middle, frons with-
out lateral vertical carinz as in Orthetrum, vertex con-
cave at tip, no supratriangulars, abdomen stout.
Orthemis.
Last antenodal on front wings not continued to the median
vein.
Sectors of the triangle in the hind wings arising from the
hind angle.
Nodal sector waved in its middle, inner side of the
triangle of hind wings in the prolongation of the
arculus, triangle of front wings cross-veined.
Dythemis.
Nodal sector not waved in its middle, no supratrian-
gulars, no additional carina on 4th ab. seg.
Triangle of front wings free, tooth of tarsal nails
as long as tip of nail itself (except in MM. ine-
quiunguis). Macrothemis.
Triangle of front wings cross-veined except fre-
quently in 7’. minuscula Ramb., tooth of tarsal
nails much shorter than tip of nail itself.
Trithemis.
Sectors of the triangle in the hind wing arising, the lower
from the hind angle, the upper from the outer side.
Micrathyria.
B. Hind lobe of the prothorax erect, wider than the other lobes, its
hind margin usually bilobed.
Sectors of the triangle in the hind wings arising from its hind
angle.
Hamule of male bifid. Nodal sector not waved, last ante-
cubital on front wings rarely continued to median vein,
vertex truncated, abdomen and hind wings without the char-
acteristic color patterns of Celithemis and Leucorhinia.
Diplax.
Hamule of male not bifid. No additional transverse carina
on 4th ab. seg. Cannacria.
Sectors of the triangle in the hind wings arising, the lower from
its hind angle, the upper from its outer side; the front wings
with the sectors of the arculus arising by a common stalk, and
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 473
the last antecubital usually not continued to the median vein;
abdomen stout, hardly as long as the hind wings, third tibize
with the spines of the antero-inferior row few (5-7) and stout;
hamule of4 bifid. Mesothemis.
The generic characters given above have been drawn
up with the intention of making them definitive as ab-
solutely as possible, and not merely with reference to the
forms found in Baja California.
Subfamily CALOPTERYGIN.
HETARINA Hagen.
Hagen, Syn. Calopt. p. 30, 1853; Mon. Calopt. p. 96, 1854. Walker,
List Neur. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv, p. 616, 1853. Calvert, Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc. xx, p. 220, 1893.
I. HETARINA CALIFORNICA Hagen.
Hagen, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) vii, p. 440, 1859; Syn. Neur. N. A.p. 59,
1861. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xxxyv, p. 480, 1873. Hagen,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii, p. 23, 1875.
Three males, two females, Comondu, March, 1889,
by Chas. D. Haines.
They differ from the types by their smaller size (abdo-
men 428.5 mm., 224, hind wing 6 ? 22.5—23.5), less
number of antecubitals (17-21), and the lesser extent of
the basal red spot on the wings of the males, which reaches
but little more than half-way from the base to the nodus,
instead of four-fifths. Nevertheless they do not appear
to differ specifically from more typical individuals from
Shasta County, California, in the collection of the Ameri-
can Entomological Society in Philadelphia. Inthe writer’s
collection are specimens from San Bernardino, California,
by Mr. P. C. Truman, which are similar to those from
Comondu.
Californica is characterized by the absence of a ptero-
stigma in both sexes, and of red spots at the tips of the
wings of the male. Baron de Selys wrote (/. c. 1873)
474 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
‘‘ It appears decidely impossible to separate specifically
californica from basalis, which itself is probably only a
race of americana. The forms are identical and the
coloring of the wings is the same in the first two of these
nominal species. Ca/rfornica only differs from dasalzs
by the absence of the pterostigma...... and has hitherto
only been observed in California where it is found at the
same time as the type of dasalzs.”’
One male from California, also sent by the California
Academy, is perhaps to be referred to Walsh’s ¢exana
with which the dasa/7s of Hagen’s Synopsis of 1861, p.
60, is said to be identical. A male from Denver, Colorado,
by Mr. E. V. Beales, in the writers’s collection has the
abd. 34.5, h. w. 24, and a very small pterostigma—smaller
than in any eastern or Texan specimens of americana,
scelerata, texana, etc.; otherwise very much like ca/zfor-
nica. Lastly Hagen (1875) cites californica from Mon-
tana.
A number of the species of /7eterzna created by Walsh
can not, in the writer’s opinion, be maintained as such, as
an examination of a considerable series of individuals
shows that those characters by which he separated them,
viz.: the extent of the basal red spot on the wings and
the minute structure of the median internal tooth of the
superior appendages of the males—are very variable.
fT. scelerata Walsh and f7. texana Walsh are therefore
merely pterostigmatous variations of americana Fabr., as
pseudamericana Walsh has long been recognized to be,
while ca/zfornica is the western apterostigmatous form of
the same species.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 475
Subfamily AGRIONINA.
ARCHILESTES Selys.
Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xili, p. 294, 1862.
2. ARCHILESTES GRANDIS Rambur. PI. xv, figs. 10-11.
Lestes g. Ramb. Ins. Nevr. p. 244, 1842. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A.
p. 66, 1861. A.g. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xiii, p. 294, 1862.
1Q (teneral) Comondu.
16 1 San José del Cabo.
1 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1893, G. Eisen.
24 18 San José del Cabo, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
5 2 Mesa Verde, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
1 Sierra Laguna 2000 ft., Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
2 Sierra El Taste, Sept., 1893.
5 1 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
365 269
The only known species of the genus. As mentioned
by Rambur in his original description, the greatest part
ot
pe
the last two segments of the male are yellowish, or
rhaps bluish; in the female it is only the tenth segment
which is mostly pale in color.
Distribution. U. S. Colombia, Venezuela, Mexico
(Vera Cruz, Guanajuato, Baja California) ,Texas (Blanco
Coro. Calvert's coll:)
i
Ie
ArRGIA Rambur.
Rambur, Ins. Nevr. p. 254, 1842. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xx, p.
382, 1865. Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 220, 1893.
Synopsis of the species of Peninsuiar California.
Rear of the head blue in life.
A black basal streak on each side of 3-5 or 6 in 9 but not in 4 ;
upper half of black humeral stripe usually forked; femora with an
anterior and a superior black line. ¢ Apex of sup. app. rounded,
entire, with a small inner, inferior, anteapical denticle. @Q 8-9 or 10
with a black, basal streak each side. agrioides (Selys MS.) n. sp.
2. A black basal streak on each side of 3-5 or 6 in both ¢ and 9;
upper half of black humeral stripe usually not forked; the two black
lines on the femora often fused together. 4 Apex of sup. app. an
acute angle, a minute tubercle on outer side of appendage. @ 8-10
unspotted with black, or 9 only with a black basal spot each side.
vivida Selys.
476 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCiENCES.
II. Rear of head predominantly blackish.
3. Eyes brown above in life. 6 Head and thorax mostly metallic violet;
abdomen mostly black; sup. app. half as long as 10, apical third bifid,
outer-upper branch larger. Q Head and thorax and abdomen mostly
black, 10 blue, 9 blue with a black spot each side at base.
: cuprea Hagen.
4. 4 Eyes bright red in life; head and thorax mostly metallic brown;
abdomen mostly violet or violet-blue, with black markings; sup. app.
nearly as long as 10, extreme apex bifid, branches equal.
enea Selys.
3. ARGIA AGRIOIDES (Selys MS.) n. sp. Pl. xv, fig. 14.
56 92 Comondu.
5 1 Baja Purisima, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
1 El Rosario, May, 1889, C. D. Haines.
20 12 San José del Cabo, not dated.
1 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1893, G. Eisen.
3 San José del Cabo, Oct. 1893, G. Eisen.
4 2 Mesa Verde, Oct. 1893, G. Eisen.
1 Sierra El Taste, Sept., 1893, G. Eisen.
1 1 Miraflores, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
7 1 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
486 269
é Bright blue, the following black: sometimes a line
from each antenna base to the anterior ocellus; a stripe
from each eye to and behind the lateral ocellus of the
same side, the right and left stripes uniting in the middle;
a stripe from each eye to the side of the occiput, where it
is connected with the preceding stripe; a mid-dorsal
band on the prothorax, but often leaving small median
blue spots—two on the middle and one on the hind lobe;
a mid-dorsal thoracic band whose width is little if any
more than that of the blue remaining on either side of
itself (2. e. blue predominating on thoracic dorsum); a
humeral stripe, forked in its upper half, the posterior
branch diverging, running upwards and slightly back-
wards, but not reaching the base of the front wing, some-
times interrupted; a short line marking the upper end of
the first lateral thoracic suture; a complete line on the
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 477
second lateral suture; small marks on the metasternum;
an anterior and a superior femoral line (tarsi brown); a
small dorsal quadrangular spot on the basal half of 1; a
basal streak and an apical spot on either side of 2, or
streak and spot of each side united; apical fourth of
3-6, more or less cleft anteriorly on the mid-dorsal
line, and often including a minute blue spot on either
side; nearly all of 7 except a transverse basal ring and a
minute apical spot each side (black sometimes divided by
a narrow, mid-dorsal, longitudinal line); sterna and
articulations of 3-7.:
Apical dorsal half of 10 cleft, a blue bifid tubercle in
the excision. Superior appendages half as long as Io,
pale blue, apex rounded, entire, a small, black, inferior
denticle on the inner side before the apex. Inferior
appendages a little longer, pale blue, directed upwards,
apex slightly notched when viewed in profile, upper
division produced into a rather acute, dorsally directed
black point, lower division rounded off.
Note. One male from Comondu, otherwise agreeing
with the above description, has a black basal, streak on
either side of 4-6, thus resembling vzvzda.
Males from Texas and Los Angeles, Calif., have the
humeral stripe often not forked, no line on the upper end
of the first lateral thoracic suture, no basal streak on 2,
apical fifth of 3-6 black, apical streak on each side of
8-9. Females from Texas have no line on the first
lateral suture, no basal streak on 2, the black on 7
divided longitudinally by a pale mid-dorsal line.
? Very pale lilac replacing the blue of the 6 ; marked
with black having a metallic green reflection, as in the 6
except as follows: 3-7 with a basal streak each side in
addition to the apex; 8-9 with a basal streak each side
and indications of such on to. Mid-dorsal thoracic
478 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
carina usually, but not always yellowish. 10 cleft
dorsally almost to base; appendages very short, not
exceeding anal tubercle.
62. Wings clear. Pterostigma brown, surmounting
one cell. Front wings with 11-14 postcubitals, 4 dis-
coidal cells (3 on one wing of one male, five on one wing
of another 4). Hind wings with 9-12 postcubitals, 3
discoidal cells (four in one wing only of two males).
Abdomen 6 23-27 mm., ¢ 23-25. Hind wing 4
I7.5-20.5,% 19-20.5. Having sent a pair 6 ? of this
species to Baron de Selys, he wrote that it ‘‘ est peut étre
une espece inédite que j'ai nommé A. agriozdes MS.
dans la collection de M. MacLachlan.’’
Distribution. Baja California as above, California
(1 4 San Bernardino, Feb. or March, 1892, by Mr. P. C.
Traman, 162? Los Angeles, by Dr.-A. Davidson, Pale
Calvert's coll); Texas (Blanco: ‘Go. 2.) Pa /Calveree
coll. )
4.) AREA Vivips (Magen) Sehys.. lisa, ioe elas
A. v. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xx, p. 406, 1565.
26 32 Comondu.
5 Baja Purisima, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
1 Sierra El Taste, Sept., 1893, G. EHisen.
1 1 Sierra Laguna, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
1 1 Mesa Verde, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
é Similar to agrvordes; differs in the black markings
as tollows: humeral stripe merely a single line in its upper
half usually not forked;* no line on first lateral thoracic
suture; the two femoral stripes fused into a single, superior
black band.
Superior appendages pale, half as long as 10, apical
half bent downwards and ending in a moderately acute,
*Forked in two males from Baja Purisima.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 479
blackish angle which lies on the inner (median) side of
the inferior appendage of the same side of the body; a
minute tubercle exists on the outer side of the appendage
where the apical part is bent downwards. Inferior ap-
pendages similar to those of agrzozdes, or as in the male
from Sierra Laguna, more deeply notched at apex, lower
division more produced, more slender.
? Similar to the ¢. Last three segments unspotted or
only 9 with a small black basal spot each side; mid-dorsal
thoracic carina black; otherwise similar to agrzozdes 2 .
6? Wings clear. Pterostigma luteous, surmounting
one cell only ora little more than one cell. Front wings
with 13-15 postcubitals, 4-5 discoidal cells. Hind wings
with 11-14 postcubitals, 3-4 discoidal cells.
Abdomen 4 25-29.5, 2 26—-29.5. Hind wing 4 19-23,
2 21.5-24.
Having sent a pair of this species to Baron de Selys,
he wrote of it,-“<Je crois que c’ est o-vda.’ ’
Distribution. Baja California,as above; the male type
came from Cape San Lucas, by Xanthus (Selys, /. c.);
California (specimens in the Calif. Academy coll., and
from San Bernardino, Feb.—March, 1892, by Mr. P. C.
Gruman, collaP, P..C.),. fexas. (Blanco, Co.—P; Bi.C:
coll.), Nevada (Franktown, in June, by Mr. S. W. Den-
ton, communicated by Mr. A. P. Morse).
bo ARGIA’ CUPRAA Hagen, Pl.xv.jtie. 12.
Agrion cupreum Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 96, 1861. Ar. c.
Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xx, p. 407, 1862.
546 82 San José del Cabo, Oct., 1893, G. Kisen.
2 Mesa Verde, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
1 El Paraiso, May, 1889, C. D. Haines.
1 Comondu, March, 1889, C. D. Haines.
Miraflores, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
il Sierra San Lazaro, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
2 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
134 1389
2D SerR., Vou. IV. ( 32 ) February 19. 1895,
i)
480 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
é Head black with a metallic violet reflection; a pale
postocular spot, some marks along the hind margins of
the eyes and the labrum obscure yellowish. Eyes brown
above. Dorsum of thorax to first lateral suture very
dark metallic violet, mid-dorsal carina black, a narrow
yellowish-brown stripe, but very little antehumeral in
position (almost obliterated in dry specimens); sides pale
brownish, a black line on second lateral suture. Feet
dark brown, third femora with a superior yellowish streak.
Abdomen black, a narrow transverse basal blue ring on
3-7; 9 with an apical lilac (?) spot, variously trilobed
anteriorly, or its apical half with a median, and a lateral
lilac (?) spot each side. Superior appendages half as
long as 10, dark brown, excavated below, apical third
bifid, upper-outer branch larger, longer;* lower-inner
branch pointed. Inferior appendages pale, longer, apex
bilobed, apices of both lobes rounded, the lower-inner
lobe the more slender, the upper-outer lobe with a black
spot.
? Similar to the 4, black replacing metallic violet, pale
colors blue; a transverse blue stripe across the frons
anteriorly; antehumeral stripe wider; a superior spot or
a short superior stripe, pale colored, on the humeral
suture; a black superior spot or complete stripe on the
second lateral suture. Feet blue, an anterior and a supe-
rior femoral stripe, tibia anteriorly, and the tarsi black.
Abdominal dorsum black, 3-7 with a transverse interrupted
basal blue ring; 8 sometimes with a mid-dorsal, longitud-
inal, blue stripe dividing the black; 9 blue or green with
a black spot each side at base; 8-9 with an inferior,
lateral, longitudinal, brown stripe; 10 blue, cleft dorsally
*Fig. 12, pl. xv, apparently shows the reverse, as the enlargement of
the upper-outer branch is mainly horizontal.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 481
from apex almost to base; sides of abdomen inferiorly
blue. Appendages half as long as ro, blue.
é 2 Wings with a slight yellowish tinge. Pterostigma
dark brown (¢) or luteous (? ), surmounting one cell
only or more. Front wings with 13-20 postcubitals, 5 dis-
coidal cells (6 in one wing of one female). Hind wings
with 12-16 postcubitals, 4 discoidal cells (5 in one wing
of one male).
Abdomen $ 34-35, 29-31. Hind wing 4 25-26, 2
23-26.
Baron de Selys examined one of the males from San
José del Cabo, which had been dried after being in alco-
hol, and wrote of it, ‘‘ me parait tres-voisine de cupre@a—
peut étre cuprea elle-méme, mais a couleurs métalliques
puisque ternies; peut-étre par le mode de dessication ou
bien avoir été dans l’alcool.”’
Distribution. Mexico (Cordova, Baja California as
above).
6. ARGIA NEA (Hagen) Selys. Pl. xv, figs. 21-22.
A. @. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xx, p. 407, 1862.
6 6 San José del Cabo, Oct., 1893, G. Hisen.
1 4 Mesa Verde, Oct., 1893, G. Hisen.
8 Eyes above bright red, like sealing wax in appear-
ance, behind brown, below cream colored. Head metal-
lic brown; frons, gene, rhinarium, mandibles, lips and
a cuneiform postocular spot each side—ochre. Rear of
head blackish, obscurely yellowish along the margins of
the eyes below. Dorsum of prothorax and of thorax
metallic brown, reaching almost as far on the latter as the
(obsolete) first lateral suture; a short, narrow, ochre
stripe on the upper half of the humeral suture, but not
reaching the base of the front wings (this stripe sometimes
obsolete), and above it a small isolated violet spot; sides
of thorax behind first lateral suture violet, a black line
482 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
on the second lateral suture; pectus pale luteous. Feet
luteous or yellowish, femora superiorly, tibia inferiorly
and tarsi black; the black on the second and third femora
usually separated into two stripes in the proximal half.
Violet or violet-blue predominant on the abdominal dor-
sum, the following markings black: a small mid-dorsal
basal spot and an oblique stripe each side on 1; a longi-
tudinal stripe on each side of dorsum of 2, dilated before
the apex, and an inferior curved stripe on the sides;
apical part (increasing from about the third on 3 to more
than the half on 6) of 3-6 black, cleft anteriorly on the
mid-dorsal line; almost the whole of 7, except a nar-
row, transverse, basal ring; an inferior, longitudinal stripe
on the sides of 8-10; sterna of 8-10.
Hind margin of ro notched in the middle, as usual in
Argia, sides of notch thickened, Appendages black;
superiors nearly as long as 10, slightly curved, extreme
apex bifid, branches equal. Inferior appendages slightly
longer, wider, directed upwards, inner edge blue, apex
bifid, branches equal.
Wings clear; pterostigma dark brown, surmounting
one cell. Front wings with 13-16 postcubitals, 5 discoi-
dal cells (6 in one wing of one male). Hind wings with
10-14 postcubitals, 4-5 discoidal cells.
Abdomen 29-30.5. Hind wing 22.
2 Unknown.
Having sent a male of this species to Baron de Selys,
he wrote of it, ‘‘ Je la crois wea.”
Distribution. Mexico( Cordova, Terres-Chaudes, Tam-
pico, Baja California as above).
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 483
ERYTHRAGRION Selys.
Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xlii, p. 955, 1876.
7. ERYTHRAGRION SALVUM Hagen. PI. xv, fig. 9.
Agrion s. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A., p. 85, 1861. #.s. Selys, Bull.
Ac. Belg. (2) xlii, p. 962, 1876.
San Ignacio, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
Baja Purisima, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
Comondu.
San José del Cabo, no date.
—
oO
i
[SNe RK Dw
_
“ae
+0
2 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1893, G. Hisen.
1 San José del Cabo, Oct., 1893, G. Hisen.
3 2 Mesa Verde, Oct., 1893, G. Hisen.
2 Miraflores, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
25 2 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
833 279
6 Differs from de Selys’ detailed description as fol-
lows: ‘‘le commencement inférieur d’une raie humerale
bronzée ”’ isin reality posthumeral; there is a short bronze
line at the upper ends of the humeral and second lateral
sutures and on the upper vestige of the first lateral.
? Pattern of coloring as in 6, yellowish-brown re-
placing red.
Abdomen ¢ 17.5-24, ¢ 20-22. Hind wing 6 11.5-15,
Q 15-16.
Distribution. Mexico (Orizaba, Putla, Baja Califor-
nia as above), California (Los Angeles, by Dr. A. David-
son), Texas, Guatemala.
In his classification of the ‘‘ grand genre Agrion”’ (/.c.
1876), Baron de Selys divides the ‘‘ subgenera ”’ in which
there is ‘‘no spine or acute point at the apex of the eighth
segment of the female underneath,’ into two groups as
follows:
‘< rst section: Lower sector of the triangle arising in
front of the basal postcostal nervule.
2d section: Lower sector of the triangle arising at the
basal postcostal nervule or hardly in front.”’
484 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Asa matter of practice, the writer has found it con-
venient to paraphrase these two characterizations in this
I. Postcostal vein separating from the hind margin of the wing® at
least as far in front of the basal postcostal cross-vein as the latter is long.
II. Postecostal vein separating from the hind margin of the wing at the
basal postcostal cross-vein or at less distance in front than the latter is
long.
The genus Erythragrion Selys belongs to the second
of these two sections. It having been noticed that the
specimens from Baja California varied with respect to
the point of separation of the postcostal vein, the varia-
tions were carefully tabulated, as shown below, together
with some other species for comparison. The table
refers to the front wings only.
Postcostal vein separating from hind
margin of wing
Number jat least as/in front of| at the Case A |Case A
of far in front|basal post- basal in one | in one
NAME OF SPECIES. individ- of basal |costal cross post- front front
uals postcostal jvein at less costal wing, wing,
exam- cross-vein | distance cross- Case B |Case C
ined. fas latter is|than latter vein in the | in the
long is long (Case C). | other. | other.
(Case A). (Case B).
Erythragrion salvum..... \ 554 18ide | 29!6 36 a4
(Baja California.) |] 22° 69 139 19 Dio:
Er ythragrion dominicanum \ 84 36 36 26
(West Indies.) | 62 49 19 12
Pyrrhosoma tenellum..... 64 36 16 26
(Europe.) 5Q 52
\
Pyrrhosoma minium..... \ 96 96
(Europe.) / 89 72 19
It thus appears that in the case of &. salvum from
Baja California, 32.7 per cent. of the males and 27.3 per
*On the preference for this form of expression see Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.
xx, p. 164 at bottom.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 485
cent. of the females vary in both front wings to such an
extent as would place them in de Selys’ first section and
therefore outside of Erythragrion. The comparison with
Pyrrhosoma is interesting from this consideration;
Pyrrhosoma belongs to the first section, but it seems
extremely doubtful whether there is any character which
can be used to separate it generically from Erythragrion
other than the one drawn from the point of separation of
the postcostal vein. Now that the well-marked tendency
in &. salvum towards the Pyrrhosoma character is
known, can Erythragrion be maintained as a distinct
genus or ‘‘ subgenus ”’ ?
ENALLAGMA Charpentier.
Charp. Lib. Eur. p. 21, 1840. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xli, p. 496,
1876.
Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 221, 1893.
8. ENALLAGMA cazcum Hagen. PI. xv, fig. 8.
Agrion c. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 84,1861. ZH. c¢. Selys, l. ¢. p.
528, 1876.
146 22San José del Cabo, not dated.
1 1 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1893, G. Eisen.
5 1 San José del Cabo, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
1 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
206 58
Differ from Selys’ description (/. c.) as follows: ¢ Only
a small black spot at upper end of second lateral thoracic
suture, no ventral thoracic, bronze spot ‘‘ prés de labdo-
men,’’ black on 2 having the form of three sides of a
square or of a U (similar to the black spot on the same
segment of the European Agrion puella); a variable
amount of black on the apex of 8, sometimes occupy-
ing as much as the apical third, with a complete
transverse band uniting with the black of either side;
the small internal tooth on the superior appendages is
only a little beyond the middle, instead of at three-
486 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
fourths the length. 9 Epistoma violet or blue, a black
mark between it and the frons, thorax probably bluish in
life.
Eyes pale blue or green with two parallel, horizontal,
black bands, of which the upper is less distinct.
Of twenty-two individuals (4 2) specially examined,
in twenty-one the nodal sector arises at the fifth postcu-
bital on the front wings, at the fourth on the hind wings,
while in the remaining one, a female, the point of origin
is at the fourth on the front wings, at the third on the
hind wings.
Distribution. West Indies (Cuba, Hayti, Porto Rico,
st. Thomas, Trinity Is., Jamaica by W. J. Fox and ©:
W. Johnson), Mexico (Putla, Baja California as above).
9. ENALLAGMA EIsENI n. sp. Pl. xv, fig. 7.
56 Baja Purisima, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
San José del Cabo, not dated.
San José del Cabo, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
Mesa Verde, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
3)
4
1
3 Sierra San Lazaro, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
1
/
San José del Cabo, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
WIS
é Blue, with the following markings black which may
have a dark metallic green reflection: a small dot at
middle of base of labrum; the greater (basal) part of
the nasus; the antenna, except the first and the front of
the second joint; the vertex; a narrow transverse band
behind the blue postocular spots, these postocular spots
being cuneiform and connected by an uninterrupted, blue,
occipital stripe; the dorsum of the prothorax, leaving,
however, the anterior and posterior borders, and on the
median lobe a median twin spot (absent in the 6 from
Mesa Verde) and a lateral spot each side, blue; a mid-
dorsal thoracic stripe and a humeral stripe each side, but
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 487
mid-dorsal carina usually blue; the black humeral stripe
is almost as wide as the blue antehumeral stripe except
at its upper end where it is narrower and connected by a
black line with the mid-dorsal stripe just in front of the
antealar sinus; antealar sinus, except at its anterior
margin which is blue; a short stripe at the upper end of
the second lateral suture and on the rest of that suture a
very fine line; femora superiorly and an anterior tibial
stripe; a dorsal spot on the basal half of r; on 2 2 varying
from a rather narrow mid- dorsal band reaching from base
to apex, narrowest at the middle of the segment, with an
angular dilation before the apex—to a round apical spot
connected by an apical tail with the apex of the segment;
3 with a lanceolate mid-dorsal spot, pointed posteriorly,
on the basal half, and a broader spot or band on the apical
fourth; 4-6 similar to 3, sometimes the basal and apical
spots of 6 united by a narrow line; 7 almost entirely,
except a narrow, transverse, medially-interrupted, basal,
blue ring, which also exists on 3-6; 8-10 blue, 8 with a
minute, mid-dorsal, basal point, 10 with a narrow median
stripe, black.
10 slightly excised at middle of hind, dorsal margin,
a small black tubercle at each side of excision. Superior
appendages longer than ro, viewed from above divergent
except at apex, lamellate, obscure and pale in color except
along the apical and superior margins which are black.
Viewed in profile each appendage becomes slightly wider
to the apex which is truncated almost at right angles with
the superior margin; on the inferior margin in the basal
half of the appendage is a well-developed, lamellate tooth,
directed downwards; the margins of this tooth are con-
vergent, the apical margin being the more oblique to the
appendage so that the apex of the tooth is bluntly pointed.
Inferior appendages pale, slender and conical in their
488 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
apical half, directed upwards, the pointed black apex
reaching as far as the apical margin of the tooth of the
superiors.
Wings clear. Pterostigma brown, rhomboidal, sur-
mounting a little less than one cell. Front wings with
8-10 postcubitals, 3 discoidal cells, nodal sector rising
from between fourth and fifth postcubitals to between
fifth and sixth. Hind wings with 7-9 postcubitals, 3 dis-
coidal cells, nodal sector arising at the fourth, or between
the fourth and fifth postcubitals.
Abdomen 23-26. Hind wing 16-18. ? unknown.
An interesting peculiarity is the variation in the extent
of the black marking on the second abdominal segment,
both extremes of which, and some intermediate forms,
are to be found in the specimens from Baja _ Puris-
ima. The grouping employed by Baron de Selys for
the species of Anal/lagma ‘* black spot of the second seg-
ment in form of an [apical] T’’ and ‘* black spot of the
second segment a dorsal band,’’ is therefore no longer
so decisive. In addition to the form of the appendages,
a specific character is to be found in the presence of the
lanceolate, basal, black spot on 3-6.
This species is named after Dr. Gustav Eisen, the well-
known student of Oligochatous worms, to whose labors
so much of the present paper is due. Mr. Samuel Hen-
shaw has compared a male of this species with the
Enallagmas in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at
Cambridge, Mass. (Dr. Hagen’s collection), and writes
that this species is ‘‘ not in the collection.’’
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 489
IscHNURA Charpentier.
Charp. Lib. Eur. p. 20, 1840. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xli, p. 258,
1876. Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 221, 1893. Micro-
nympha Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 140, 1890.
Synopsis of the Western North American Species (males only).
Inferior appendages prolonged on the outer side into a slender, cylindrical
process which is not bifid, usually acute at tip and curved inwards.
A complete green antehumeral stripe.
8-9 blue, a transverse, basal, black ring on 8, a transverse apical
black spot on 9. I. Ramburii, var. credula Hag.
8-9 blue, a lateral black stripe on each from base to apex, with or
without a transverse, basal ring on 8 and a transverse, apical
ring on 9. I. erratica nu. sp.
No antehumeral stripe or spots.
8-9 blue, a lateral black stripe on each from base to apex, 8 witha
transverse, basal black ring. I. exstriata n. sp.
Inferior appendages bifid or trifid at apex.
A complete pale (green or yellow) antehumeral stripe.
8-9 blue, a lateral black stripe on each. I. perparva Selys.
8-9 blue, 8 only with a lateral black stripe each side at base.
I. demorsa Hagen.”
Two small spots representing the upper and lower ends respectively
of antehumeral stripe.
8-9 blue, a lateral black stripe on each. I. cervula Hagen.
The superior a endages are also characteristic, see
5 ’
plate XV.
10. IscuNnuRA RAmBuRII Selys, var. CREDULA Hagen.
felts xv plies: 55-6:
Agrion credulum Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 80, 1861. A. defizum
Hagen l.c. J. R. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xli, p. 272, 1876
(adds credula as a synonym, but does not mention differences).
Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 240, 1893.
14 Comondu, not dated.
9 , 2 black 9, 5 orange?, San José del Cabo, not dated.
5 , 1 black @, 7 orange?, San José del Cabo, Sept., 1893, G. Eisen.
2 orange 2, San José del Cabo, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
* Unknown to the writer.
490 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
In the typical Raméurzz7, a common species along the
eastern coast of the United States, the eighth abdominal
segment is blue, the ninth black; in credu/um ‘‘ seginent
8 entirely, 9 base only blue,’’ both statements referring
to males and the black females.
The above cited specimens are of variety credula; 8 is
blue entirely or with a very narrow, transverse, basal,
black ring, articulation between 8 and g black; 9g blue
with an apical, dorsal, black spot occupying from one-
third to more than one-half the length of the segment on
the mid-dorsal line, but less on the sides—besides which
there is in some individuals a small, mid-dorsal, basal,
black spot, which may be united with the black at the
apex by a narrow, or even a broad, band. Two of the
black females have these basal and apical spots on 9
separated by a blue interval equal to one-fifth the length
of the segment, while the remaining black female has
these spots united by black. The orange females are
colored as in typical Aeamburz? (having no black humeral
stripe, 1 and base of 2 orange—see Calvert /. c.), the ex-
tent of the black on 2 is variable and on 10 varies from
nothing to the entire dorsum. That all are to be referred
to Heamburii is shown by the fact that in other respects
and especially the superior appendages of the male, they
quite agree with the typical form. It is worthy of note
that the color of the superior appendages varies from yellow
in the male from Comondu, through brown to black in
typical Ramburiz. The defixum Hagen (not Selys) is the
same as this variety, see under /. perfarva, post.
Distribution (var. credula). West Indies (Cuba, St.
Thomas, Jamaica by W. J. Fox), Bahamas (Crooked Is.,
Nov. 24, 1890, by J. P. Moore and D. J. Bullock), Mex-
ico (Baja California as above), California.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 491
IsCHNURA? ERRATICA n. sp. PI. xv, fig. I.
14, 12Mendocino county, California (Am. Ent. Soc. Coll.) 14619
Olympia, Washington, July §, 1893. T. Kincaid (P. P. Calvert’s
Coll.)
6 Black, the following blue or green: lips, head below,
frons anteriorly, postocular spots, a complete antehumeral
stripe each side, sides of thorax (except a superior black
line on the first lateral suture and a complete line on the
second), pectus, abdomen below, apical dorsal half of 1,
a wavy, transverse, apical band on 2, a dorsal band on
the apical five-sixths of 7, 8 and 9 (except a lateral black
band on the side of each, reaching from base to apex,
those of 8 united by a narrow, transverse, basal, black
band and of 9 by a transverse, apical band in the Cali-
fornian male, but not united on either 8 or 9 in the Wash-
ington example), feet except an anterior black stripe. A
narrow, transverse, basal, interrupted, yellow ring on 3-7.
Hind margin of prothorax rounded, emarginate in the
middle. Forked process on 10 about half as high as 10
itself; viewed in profile, it commences near the middle of
ro at an angle of about 50°; forked in less than its apical
half, branches divergent at 90° or more.
Superior appendages black, very short, one-fourth as
long as 10, tubercular, with a slender, inner, inferior pro-
longation reaching to the base of the inferior appendages.
Inferior appendages two-thirds as long as 10, similar to
those of exstrzata, but with the apical process a little
more robust and curved upwards as well as inwards at
the extreme tip.
Wings clear. Front wings with 9-12 postcubitals,
nodal sector arising near fifth antecubital, on hind wings
near the fourth. Pterostigma of front wings surmounting
alittle more than one cell, very oblique, nearly equilateral,
bicolored, inner half blackish, outer half reddish; of the
hind wings much smaller, hardly surmounting one cell,
492 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
upper and outer sides longer than the other two, outer
side more oblique than inner, color luteous.
2 Differs from 6 as follows: a transverse, basal, black
stripe on labrum, 8—9 black in the Californian female, similar
to those of the Washington male inthe Washington female ;
hind margin of prothorax distinctly bilobed; a very dis-
tinct, transverse, erect, triangular lamella behind each
mesostigma; no apical ventral spine or acute point to 8;
appendages black, three-fourths as long as 10; front wings
with 12-13 postcubita's, nodal sector arising at sixth
postcubital in front wings, at fifth in hind wings, in the
Californian female only; pterostigma luteous, of nearly
equal size on front and hind wings, some double cells
after it.
Abdomen é 25, 2 24—26. Hind wing 46 18-18.5, ? 19-21.
To write of the female that it possesses no ventral spine
to the eighth segment is almost equivalent to excluding
this species from Ischnura, but it is here so referred, with
much hesitation, for the following reasons:
t. As shown by the descriptions and figs. 1 and 2 pl.
xv, the appendages of the males of erratica and exstriata
are very similar, hence if ewstvzata be an Ischnura it is
difficult to believe that erratzca is not closely allied.
2. Erraticaé possesses the Ischnurine characters of
pterostigma and bifid process on Io.
3. If the reference of exstvzata to Ischnura be correct,
light is thrown on the absence in erratica 2 of the ventral
spine to the eighth abdominal segment by the circumstance
that in extrzata@ (g. v.) the same spine is very short.
4. It seems improbable that what have been above
described as evratica male and female belong to different
species, for not only do their colors resemble each other,
but the pair from Washington were sent by the collector,
Mr. Kincaid, to the writer enclosed in the same envelope
as if taken while pairing.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 493
11. IscHNURA EXSTRIATA n. sp. Pl. xv, fig. 2.
44 San Fernando, Baja California, May, 1889, C. D. Haines (Calif.
Acad. Coll.)
2412 San Bernadino, Cal., Feb.-March, 1592, P. C. Truman (P. P.C.
Coll.)
24 Los Angeles, Cal., Dr. A. Davidson (P. P. C. Coll.)
é Black with a metallic lustre, the following blue or
green: lips (except a transverse basal, black labral
stripe), rhinarium, frons, gene, head below, a very small
isolated postocular spot each side, sides of thorax (except
a short superior line on the first lateral suture and a com-
plete line on the second), feet except an anterior black
stripe, 8-g (except a lateral black band on each, from
base to apex, on 8 those of right and left sides united
by a transverse black band occupying the basal half to
third of the dorsum of the segment). A transverse,
basal, interrupted, yellow ring on 4-7. Forked elevation
on 10 not more than half as high as 10; viewed in profile
it commences at the base and rises at an angle of about
20°-25°; forked in less than its apical half; branches
divergent at less than go”.
Superior appendages very short, one-fourth as long as
10, tubercular, with an inferior apical process. Inferior
appendages nearly half as long as 10, yellowish except
at tip, rather broad at base, then narrowed and prolonged
on the outer side as a slender process, which is cylin-
drical, not flattened, apex acute, curved inwards (similar
to the same appendages of /. Ramburz and verticallis).
Wings clear. Front wings with 7-9 postcubitals. No-
dal sector arising near the fourth postcubital on front
wings, near third on hind wings. Pterostigma on front
wings, surmounting less than one cell, longer than wide,
outer side straight; blackish, upper outer corner pale; on
hind wings smaller, gray.
? Differs from the ¢ as follows: luteous replacing blue;
494 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
postocular spots confluent behind with yellow of rear of
head; a complete, luteous, antehumeral stripe leaving a
much narrower black humeral stripe, lateral thoracic
sutures each with merely a short, superior, black line;
1-2 and 8-9 black, articulations of 1-2, 7-8, 8-9 yellow-
ish; abdomen beneath and valvules luteous; appendages
blackish, half as long as 10; apical ventral spine on 8
distinct but small; pterostigma similar on all the wings,
pale luteous, some double cells beyond it on the hind
wings.
Abdomen 6 17.5-20, 2 21.5. Hind wing ¢ 12-13.5,
$15.5.
It is not certain that this female is of the same species
as the males, but it was the only Agrionine female, other
than Argza vivida, received from Mr. Truman, and the
two males of evstrzafa were the only Agrionine males (other
than Argza vivida) received from him.
IsCHNURA PERPARVA (McLachlan MS.) Selys. Pl. xv,
He
I. p. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xli, p. 263, 1876. J. defixa Selys,
ihe der 106 ool
Baron de Selys described an ‘‘ /schnura defixa Hagen,’’
as allied to Perfarva, and which he doubtfully considered
to be the same as Agrion defixum Uagen, Syn. Neur.
N-) A. p. ‘80. It 1s) bere) contended: 15) Dhatadaz72
Selys and ferparva are not distinct species; 2, that de-
fjixum Hagen is different from these two forms, and 3, is
a variety of ARamburit Selys, not distinct from variety
credula Hagen.
1. De Selys’ description of his defixa is comparative
only, that of perparva is detailed, and from it the im-
portant characters common to both may be learned, viz.:
Pterostigma oblique inside but not outside, almost rounded
beneath, surmounting almost one cell on the superiors,
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 495
half shorter and much smaller on the inferiors. <A nar-
row, yellow, antehumeral stripe. Abdominal segments 8
and 9 clear blue with a lateral black ray, not touching
the apex, very short on 9. Superior appendages half
shorter than the last segment, thick, truncated at the
apex which is bent downwards. Inferior appendages
flattened like a goose’s foot, forming three * points, one
external and superior, one internal and subbasal, and one
median, slender, longer and curved inwards.
The differences between defixa and perparva are then
stated to be—
I. perparva Selys 4. I. defixa Selys (not Hagen).
1. Abd. 17-18. Hind wing 11-12 A little larger; ab. 21-22) he w.
13-14.
2. Pterostigma pale, a little red- of front wings deep black, of hind
dish wings gray
3. Femora with an obscure, exter- with a broad black band externally
nal line ill defined or maculate
4. Forked process on 10, viewed rising from the second half of 10
in profile, rising from base of 10
5. Appendages yellow a little obscure
6. Sup. app. with a small tooth at internal basal branch more distinct
the base internally
Habitat. California.t Northern California.
Baron de Selys remarks (/. c. p. 262) that it is possible
that his defiva ‘* may be only a larger race or variety of
perparva, and that the difference in the color of the
pterostigma of the superiors and of the feet may result
from the specimens of defiva being very adult, while
those of Perparva may be newly transformed......It is
probable that this species [7. e. defixa Selys] is the
depxum of Dr. Hagen. I dare not refer it there with
“The presence or absence of the third or median point appears to be a
variable character not of specific value.
tGiven as ‘Texas occidental” in the description cited, corrected to
California by McLachlan, Zool. Record for 1876.
2D SER., Vou. IV. ( 33 ) February 19, 1895.
490 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
certainty because I have not seen the specimen, and
because in his correspondence Dr. Hagen thinks that his
species cannot be maintained. After that I had at first
named it 7. furcula.”
The evidence here presented to prove defiva Selys not
distinct from Perparva aims to show that the differences
above tabulated are not constant. Two males from Cali-
fornia ab. 19-20, h. w. I12.5-13, agree with 2, 3, 4 and
5 of defixa, have only the merest trace of an internal
basal tooth to the superior appendages, have the right
inferior appendage bifid, the left trifid. Two other males
from Calitornia and one male from Olympia, Washing-
ton, ab. 20-22, h. w. 12.5-13.5, agree with 2, 3, 4 and
5 of defiva, have both inferior appendages bifid, black
stripes of right and left sides of 8 connected by a trans-
verse basal ring; in the Washington male the upper outer
point of the left inferior appendage is itself bifid. One
male from southern Texas, ab. 19.5, h. w. 12.5, agrees
with de#xa, the black lateral stripes on 9 reach the apex.
One male from Denver, Colorado, ab. 20.5, h. w. 12.5,
agrees with 2, 5 and 6 of ferparva, 3 and 4 of defixa,
both inferior appendages bifid. Another male from
Colorado, ab. 18, h..w. 12, agrees with 2, 3, 4 and’5 of
defixa, 6 of perparva, both inferior appendages trifid,
upper outer point of left appendage itself slightly bifid.
2. That defxum Hagen is different from perparva
and defiva Selys is apparently indicated by the following
expressions in Hagen’s original description of defivum
(Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 80); 8 and 9 are said to be ‘‘ blue,
at base a little black,’’ instead of using such an expres-
sion as ‘‘8-9 blue, with a black stripe each side’’ (J. ¢.
76) as for Ramburit Hag. (=vertical’s Say), perparva
and consequently defxva being similar to ver¢zca/7s in this
respect. The superior appendages of defixum are said
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 497
to be ‘‘ two-branched, external branch conical, straight,
internal branch longer flat,’’ a form of appendage quite
different from that described for ferparva by de Selys.
The inferior appendages of defixum are ‘‘ unguiculated,
longer, oblique, recurved,’’ an expression similar to that
employed for Ramburi (p. 76) and therefore hardly
likely to have been applied to such a trifid or bifid ap-
pendage as exists in perparva.
3. Lastly it is believed that a comparison of Hagen’s
original descriptions of defivum and credulum, justifies
the assertion that both apply to the same insect, since it
has been shown under /schnura Ramburi var. credula
(see ante in this paper) that the extent of the black on 8
and g is a variable quantity. Since credulum is recog-
nized as not specifically distinct from /tamburi Selys
(zners Hagen, 1861), defxum Hagen must also be referred
there:
Distribution of perparva Selys (defixa Selys). Califor-
nia, Washington (Olympia, June 4, 1893, by Mr. Trevor
Kincaid), Colorado (Denver, by Mr. E. V. Beales), Texas
(Mr. S. F. Aaron). (Collections of Amer. Ent. Soc.
anid bie. @alyert),.
12. ISCHNURA CERVULA Selys. PI. xv, fig. 3.
I, c. Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xli, p. 262, 1876.
1é Comondu, Baja California, March, 1889, C. D. Haines.
24 12S8an Ignacio, Baja California, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
44 1QCalifornia (Calif. Acad. coll.)
14 Mendocino Co., Calif. (Am. Ent. Soc. coll.)
é Black with a metallic lustre, the following blue or
green: lips, except a transverse, basal, black, .labral
stripe; rhinarium, frons, gene, head beneath, a very
small, isolated postocular spot each side; two small spots
on each side of thoracic dorsum, representing respectively
the upper and lower ends of an antehumeral stripe; sides
498 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
of thorax, except a short superior black line on the first
lateral suture and a complete black line on the second;
feet, except an anterior black stripe; 8 and 9, except a
short lateral band each side not reaching the apex of the
segments. A transverse, interrupted, basal, yellow ring
on 4-7.
Forked elevation on ro half as high as ro itself; viewed
in profile it commences at the base and rises at an angle
of about 50°; forked in at least its apical half, branches
divergent at an angle of less than go”, extreme tips turned
outwards. Superior appendages extremely small, about
one-third as long as 10, tubercular, with a long, slender,
acutely pointed, inferior process. Inferior appendages
nearly as long as 10, directed upwards, apical half black,
flattened, apex emarginated in a shallow curve forming
two tips, outer tip barely longer but projecting farther
backwards and outwards.
Wings clear. Pterostigma nearly equilateral, all four
sides slightly convex, black on front wings with a pale
line along the edges; dark gray on the hind wings with
a similar pale line, and only slightly smaller in size; in
teneral 6 pale yellow on all the wings. Front wings with
8-11 postcubitals. Nodal sector arising near the fouth
postcubital, or a littke more remote, on the front wings,
near the third on the hind wings.
? Similarly colored. Pterostigma of all the wings yel-
low, 12-13 postcubitals on front wings.
Abdomen 4 20-23, 2 24. Hind wing é 13-16, ? 17.
Distribution. Mexico (Baja California as above), Cal-
ifornia, New Mexico (Santa Fé, August, T. D. A. Cock-
erell).
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 499
Subfamily GOMPHINZ.
PROGOMPHUS Selys.
Selys, Bull. Ac. Brux. xxi (2), p. 69, 1854. Monog. Gomph. p. 194,
1857.
13. PROoGOMPHUS OBSCURUS Rambur. PI. xvi, figs.
(ite Tie
Diastatomma o. Ramb. Ins. Nevr. p. 170. P. 0. Selys, Bull. Ac.
Brux. xxi(2), p. 72, 1854; (2) xlvi, p. 658 (1878); Monog. Gomph.
p. 201, 1857. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 110, 1861; Proce.
Bost. Soc. N. H. xviii, p. 48, 1875. Progomphus borealis (Mc-
Lachlan) Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xxxv, p. 764, 1873. Hagen,
Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. p. 356, 1874; xviii, p. 48, 1875.
1é San Luis, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
1 Sierra El Taste, Sept., 1893, G. Eisen.
2 San José del Cabo, Sept., 1893, G. Hisen.
1 42 San José del Cabo, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
1 San José del Cabo, not dated.
2 1 (just transformed) Miraflores, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
ES (OF
A comparison of all the present material with the de-
scriptions of de Selys, 1873, and Hagen, 1874, follows:
6 Frons olive, its superior, transverse, brown band in
front of the ocelli produced but little or not at all in the
middle. Nasus paler than the frons, yellowish-green,
obscure in the middle, rhinarium still paler, lips colored
nearly as nasus. Vertex brown, behind the two posterior
ocelli is a greenish area not reaching the occiput how-
ever. Hind margin of occiput very slightly convex. Two
yellow spots behind each eye, in some cases confluent.
Inferior ‘‘ humeral’ stripe or line (really antehumeral,
thus making two antehumeral stripes) present or absent;
in the former case united with a spot above, in the latter
case there are merely the two ‘‘ superior yellow spots ”’
which are, strictly speaking, one ante-, the other post-
humeral. As compared with Mon. Gomph. p. 202, the
yellow antehumeral bands unite with the yellow of the
500 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
anterior mesothoracic border. Sides of thorax, in fresh
alcoholic specimens, bluish, becoming brownish when
dried: second lateral suture with a brown stripe. Abdo-
men: the ‘‘ dorsal spear-shaped’’ fascia not reaching
the apex of 3; 8 with a small, triangular, yellow spot
each side at base of dorsum, and on each lateral surface
a basal and a smaller apical spot; a small, yellow, apical
spot on each side of 9; a yellow streak on the middle of
the inferior lateral margin of 3-7.
In none of the descriptions of the superior appendages
(which are about twice as long as 10) is mention made of
a longitudinal carina on the outer margin of the inferior
surface, extending from the base to not quite as far as
the middle of the appendage; this carina is finely dentic-
ulated, its course is convex exteriorly when viewed from
below. A similar carina is shown for P. complicatus and
P. costalés in Pl. 11, Monos.Gomph. Onithe inneredee
of the branches of the inferior appendage are two to
four small, superior teeth immediately before the apex.
Femora above reddish-brown, yellowish below, tibize
blackish, knees yellow. The first tibiz have a pale in-
ferior carina, somewhat similar to that of the Corduline
males, which extends for almost their distal half. Similar
carine are to be found in males of Progomphus integer,
P. gracilis, Gomphoides stigmata, Cyclophylla elongata,
and perhaps others of this legion. Rudiments of such
a carina are present on the first tibia of Cordulegaster
males.
Wings with basal brown spot extending one-third of
the distance to the first antecubital.
? As compared with the é¢, has the colors of the face
less obscure, somewhat paler; green on vertex in one
case reaching back to occiput; hind margin of occiput
slightly more convex; a very narrow, inferior, ‘‘ humeral ”’
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 501
(in reality antehumeral) stripe present, which may, as in
one female, unite above with the superior spot; lateral
basal and apical yellow spots on 8 confluent in two fe-
males; apical, lateral spot on 9 larger; streak on middle
of inferior, lateral margin of 3-7 greenish rather than
yellowish; dorsum of 10 mostly yellow, basal third or
fourth brown. Appendages about twice as long as 10,
yellow, sharply pointed, extreme tip black in three
females; de Selys’ description of 1878 speaks of these
appendages as ‘‘as long as 10.’ No inferior carina to
first tibia. Brown spot at base of wings reaching to
basal subcostal cross-vein. Vulvar lamina more than
one-third as long as 9 on the sides, about one-fourth as
long at the middle, with a rounded median emargination
extending almost to the base of the lamina, and a shal-
lower emargination on each side, making three in all.
é 2 Triangle of front wings with upper and inner sides
of equal length in at least 241°, divided into three
cells by three veins which meet in the center; internal
triangle 2-celled by a vein parallel to its upper side,*
3-celled in one wing of 12, Hind wings with upper side
of triangle longer than inner side, triangle 3-celled as in
front wings (4-celled in 12, 2-celled in 2? , asymmetric-
al—2 right, 3 left—in 146); internal triangle 2-celled by
a vein parallel to its outer side,* or free in5é1%. A
basal subcostal cross-vein (Karsch) present on all the
wings, or absent in one hind wing in 22, or in both hind
wings 2619, or on all the wings 1¢. Three or four
post-triangular cells, then two rows on all the wings.
No coloring at the arculus, the sectors of which are al-
ways separate at their origin. Front wings with 14-16
antecubitals, first and fifth (sixth or seventh in 141@ )
“In both front and hind wings the vein dividing the internal triangle
into two cells is transverse to the greatest dimension of the triangle.
502 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
thicker, 7-9 postcubitals. Hind wings with 9-11 antecu-
bitals, first and fifth thicker, 7-10 postcubitals. Abd. ¢
42.5-45, 241-45. Hind wing ¢ 30-33, ? 33-34.5. Total
length 4 56-60, 2 55-60. Pterostigma ¢ 4-5, 2 4.5-5.
Distribution. Mexico (Baja California as above), Cal-
ifornia (Los Angeles by Dr. A. Davidson, P. P. Calvert’s
coll.), Oregon, Texas, Georgia, Massachusetts (Boston).
Octrocompuus Selys.
Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2) xxxv, p. 759, 1873.
14. OCTOGOMPHUS SPECULARIS (Hagen) Selys. PI.
xvi, figs. 80-84.
Neogomphus? s. (Hagen) Selys J. c. (2) vii, p. 544, 1859. Hagen, Syn.
Neur. N. A. p. 110, 1861. O.s.Selys l. c. (2) xxxv, p. 760, 1873.
Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xviii, p. 44, 1875.
12Comondu, not dated.
Distribution. Mexico (Baja California as above),
California.
Subfamily AESCHNINE.
AESCHNA Fabricius.
(@shna) Fabry. Syst. Ent. p. 424, 1775. Karsch, Ent. Nach. xvii,
p. 288, 1891. Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 222, 1893.
Synopsis of the species known from California and Baja California (males
only).
Anal triangle 2-celled.
1. Superior appendages with entire margins, a superior longitud-
inal carina which is not denticulated, and the apex acute; 10 with
three basal, dorsal teeth of which the middle one is largest; no
black line on fronto-nasal suture. juncea L. var. verticalis Hagen.
2. Superior appendages with a subquadrangular excision on the
inner margin in the apical half, and the apex obtuse; no dorsal
teeth on 10. luteipennis Burm.
Anal triangle 3-celled.
Margins of superior appendages entire.
3. Apex of sup. app. obtuse; 10 with basal, dorsal teeth of which
the middie one is largest. californica (Hagen MS) n. sp.
4. Apex of superior appendages acute, curved downwards; 10 with
dorsal teeth. cornigera Brauer.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 503
Margins of superior appendages not entire.
5. Sup. app. when viewed in profile with apex distinctiy forked, in-
ferior branch shorter; 10 with dorsal teeth. multicolor Hagen.
6. Sup. app. when viewed in profile not forked at apex which is
rounded and bears an acute, inferior, anteapical spine; no dorsal
teeth on 10. constricta Say.
ZESCHNA JUNCEA Linné, var. VERTICALIS Hagen.
44. v. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 122, 1861; Proc. Bost. Soc. N.
H. xviii, p. 34, 1875. Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 248,
1893. @.clepsydra Walsh, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862, p. 397.
J. propinqua Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. x, p. 214, 1866
(in part).
One male, California.
Distribution. Nova Scotia to the District of Columbia,
Illinois, California.
I5. SCHNA LUTEIPENNIS Burmeister. Pl. xv, figs.
27-28.
4.1. Burm. Handb. Ent. ii, p. 837, 1839. Hagen, Proc. Bost.
Soc. N. H. xviii, p. 39, 1875. 4. excisa Brauer, Verh. zool. bot.
Ges. Wien, xv, p. 906, 1865; Reise d. Novara, Neur. p. 69, pl.
i, fig. 19, 1866. Hagen, Verhd. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, xvii, p.
50, 1867.
14 Mesa Verde, Oct. 1893, G. Eisen.
1 San José del Cabo, Oct., 1893, G. Eisen.
1 Miraflores, Sept., 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
From the careful description of exc7sa Brauer (synony-
mous with /ufezpennis according to Hagen), these three
males differ as follows: labium bluish instead of yel-
lowish; suture between the eyes much more than double
as long as the occiput, being nearly as long as the com-
bined length of frons and vertex, measured along the
mid-dorsal longitudinal line; first femora blue inferiorly:
mid-dorsal, longitudinal, abdominal stripe blue instead of
yellow; 9 with a mid-dorsal, apical, triangular, blue spot,
a similar smaller one on r0 in the males from Mesa Verde
and Miraflores; superior appendages a little longer than
g+ 10: costa with a yellowish line to the nodus.
504 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Front wings with discoidal triangle of four cells (three
in right front wing of two males); internal triangle of two
cells (one small and inferior, the other much larger and
superior) in the male from Mesa Verde, of one cell in
the other two males; 5 median cross-veins (4 in one wing
of two é ), 3 supratriangulars (4 in one wing San José ¢ );
19-21 antecubitals, rst and 7th (gth in one wing San José
4 ) thicker, 11-13 postcubitals.
Hind wings with discoidal triangle 3-celled (Mesa
Verde) or 4-celled (S. J., M.), internal triangle free; 3
median cross-veins, 3 supratriangulars (2 in one wing
Mesa Verde ¢ ), anal triangle 2-celled, 13-14 antecubitals,
1st and 7th thicker, 12-15 postcubitals.
Abdomen 62.5-64, hind wing 48, total length 83, sup.
app. 6, pterostigma 4.5.
Distribution. Mexico (Baja California as above),
Brazil (San Leopoldo).
/ESCHNA CALIFORNICA (Hagen MS.) n. sp. Pl. xv,
HGS: sO, 208-23.
4j.c. Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xviii, p. 33, 1875 (no descrip-
tion).
1é California (Cal. Acad. coll.)
Mt. Tamalpais, Cal., May 25, by C. Jack, type of Hagen (col-
lection of P. P. Calvert).
2 San Bernardino, Cal., February-March, 1892, by P. C. Tru-
man (colls. P. P. C., Am. Ent. Soc.)
1Q Salt Lake City, Utah, June, 1893, by A. J. Snyder (coll. A.
J. Snyder).
é Face pale green or blue, a black line on fronto-
nasal suture; frons with a transverse preocular stripe and
a T-spot above, black, stem of the T thicker where it
joins the preocular stripe; clypeus broad (4 mm.) in
proportion to its height (2.5 mm.); labrum pale green
or blue with a transverse, basal, black line; labium brown
or blue; vertex blackish, its tip with a wide but shallow
)
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 505
anterior notch, yellow; occiput yellow, hind margin
straight; rear of eyes black.
Thorax pale brown or luteous (?), sides with two ob-
lique pale bluish stripes margined with black inferiorly,
humeral and second lateral sutures marked with black
lines. Legs blackish, reddish-brown at bases.
Abdomen moderately swollen at the base, constricted
at 3, of nearly uniform width from 4-10, brown, marked
with blue or green as follows: apical half of 2; an apical
spot each side of 3-10, not confluent; base of 3-7 with a
transverse band, represented by a small basal spot each
side of 8: a transverse median band on 3-7, interrupted
by the mid-dorsal carina; a lateral spot behind the me-
dian transverse suture on 3-8, and which may become
confluent with some of the other spots. Sternum of 1
with the denticles (frequently to be found on this place
in various species of Eschna) situated on the summit of
a small tubercle. Auricles of 2 with two teeth. Seg-
ment 10 with a basal mid-dorsal keel-like tooth and two
parallel, lesser ones each side.
Superior appendages as long as 9-410, curved some-
what inwards and widened more or less gradually on the
inner side in the apical half, concave below, above with
a median, longitudinal carina which becomes quite sharp
and more elevated in the apical fourth, but is not denti-
culated; margins entire, apex truncated to form an angle
of a little more than 90°. Viewed in profile, the basal
fourth is directed downwards and a very slight inferior
projection marks a change of direction to the horizontal,
while the apical fourth slopes slightly upwards. Inferior
appendage a little less than half as long, triangular, apex
rounded, very slightly notched.
2 Differs from the 4 as follows: a small, narrow, iso-
lated antehumeral, yellow spot on thoracic dorsum, stripes
506 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
on sides of thorax yellow, a little wider. Abdomen shaped
as in@ , a blue apical spot on each side of 2 instead of
the apical half; base of 3-6 with the transverse band, on
7-8 represented by a small basal spot each side. Ster-
num of 1 with a similar and equally well developed tu-
bercle with the apex spinous. No teeth onto. Apical
part of the appendages broken off. Genital valvules
reaching only to apex of g. Apical margin of 10 with
many small denticles.
6 @ Wings clear. Costa yellowish to somewhat be-
yond the nodus, other veins mostly brown. Pterostigma
dark brown (4 ) or paler (2 ), surmounting 2%-3 cells.
Membranule white, apical third cinereous. 2 supra-tri-
angulars (1 in left hind wing of 2 ), at most three rows of
cells between subnodal sector and supplementary sector
next below; discoidal triangle 4-celled (3 in one wing
16,5 in one wing 14 ), two on the inner (basal) side.
Front wings with 11-15 antecubitals, rst and 5th (6th in
1¢) thicker, 8-11 postcubitals, internal triangle free
(with one cross-vein in 1 4 ), 3 (4 1n one wing 1 4 ) other
median cross-veins. Hind wings with anal triangle ot 4
3-celled, internal triangle 2-celled (free in 1 ¢ , 1 wing of
°), 2 (3 in 14, one wing of 2 ) other median ‘cross-
veins, 8-12 antecubitals, rst and 5th (7th in 14, 6th in
one wing 1 4 ) thicker, 8-12 postcubitals.
Total length 6 57-61,257? Abdomen é 42.5—46, ? 42?
Front wing 6 35-37, 2 39. Hind wing 4 34-36, 4 39. Pter.
3-3-5. Sup. app.4¢4.5-5. App.?4°
Distribution. Calitornia and Utah (as above), British
Columbia (Hagen).
4. californica resembles in many respects &. difinis
Rambur from the west coast of South America, but the
latter may be distinguished by its inferior appendage a
little more than halt as long as the superiors, these hav-
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 507
ing a distinct, inferior, subbasal tooth, the pterostigma
shorter and yellow, the reticulation of the wings more
yellowish. Two other South American species described
by Rambur, doxarvenszs and Marchal, are personally un-
known to the writer; perhaps they are closely allied, but
Rambur’s descriptions seem to indicate specific differ-
ences from californica. In describing californica as new,
reliance has chiefly been placed upon the facts that Dr.
Hagen considered the species as distinct, that the allied
species referred to above were known to him, and that
the present writer possesses one of Dr. Hagen’s types
given by him in July, 1890.
16. AHSCHNA CORNIGERA Brauer. PI. xv, figs. 24, 31,
a2.
4@.c. Brauer, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, xv, p. 906, 1865; Reise
d. Novara, Neur. p. 70, pl. i, fig. 16, 1866. Hagen, Verh. Zool.
Bot. Ges. Wien, xvii, p. 49, 1867; Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xviii,
p. 39, 1875. @.jucunda Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 314, 1861
(no description).
iG SB Paraiso:
1 San Raymundo, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
1 Mesa Verde, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
Differs from Brauer’s description in wanting the black
line on the fronto-nasal suture, by having a larger pteros-
tigma (2 mm. in Brauer’s specimens), and the (blue)
thoracic stripes narrower. Hagen (/. c. 1867) mentions
that ‘‘die Flugelspitzen der Mannchen sind oft hyalin
ohne Braunung’’; such is the case in all four of these
specimens.
Sternum of 1 with a spinous tubercle as in californica,
but more prominent. Superior appendages of the male
with the apex terminating in a short, acute process di-
rected downwards, the superior, median, longitudinal
carina relatively less elevated before the apex than in
californica, no inferior, subbasal projection. Tenth seg-
508 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ment of the male with but one lesser tooth each side of
the mid-dorsal one. Appendages of female broken.
Front wings with 3 (2 in one wing of 1 ¢, one wing of
@ ) supratriangulars, discoidal triangle of-5 cells (4 in
one wing of 24), two on the basal side; 16-19 antecu-
bitals, the rst and 5th, 6th or 7th thicker; 10-13 postcu-
bitals; internal triangle with one cross-vein, 4 (5 in one
wing of 24 ) other median cross-veins.
Hind wings with 2 (3 in 1 ¢ ) supratriangulars, discoi-
dal triangle of four cells, two on the inner (basal) side,
g-10 antecubitals, rst and 5th (6th in one wing I ¢ )
thicker, 11-14 postcubitals, internal triangle with one
cross-vein, three (4 in one wing of ? ) other median cross-
veins, anal triangle of male 3-celled.
Total length ¢ 64, 2 (excl. app.) 65. Abd. 4 (incl. app.)
495, 2'\(excl. app.) 47. Sup. apps¢ 5.5-- Mronte winters
44-45,249. Hind wing 6 43-44,?248. Pter. 3-3.5.
Distribution. U. S. Colombia, Venezuela (Porto
Cabello), Brazil (New Friburg, S. Leopoldo), Uruguay
(Montevideo), Mexico (Baja California, as above).
17. AUSCHNA MULTICOLOR Hagen. PI. xv, figs. 25,
ee
26.
Zi.am. agen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 121, 1861; Rep. U. Si Geol:
Sur. Terr. 1872, p. 727, 1873; 1873, p. 591, 1874; Proc. Bost:
Soc. N. H. xviii, p. 33, 1875.
74 San José del Cabo, not dated.
14 382 San José del Cabo, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
2G 32
Front wings with discoidal triangle 4—6-celled, internal
triangle 2-celled, rarely free, 3-4 other median cross-
veins, I-2 supratriangulars, first and sixth or seventh an-
tecubitals thicker. Hind wings with discoidal triangle
4—5-celled, internal triangle 2-celled, 2-3 other median
cross-veins, I-2 supratriangulars, first and fifth or sixth
antecubitals thicker.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 509
é Anal triangle 3-celled; 10 with a small, median, ba-
sal, dorsal tooth and a smaller one on each side.
Abdomen ¢ 47-51,949. Hind wing ¢ 43-47, 2 45-47.
Distribution. Mexico (Cordova, Baja California as
above), California (Los Angeles, by Dr. A. Davidson),
Mexas,) Dakota.( Beadle ‘Co..ajuly,;, 1888, by Mr. E. S.
Cheney), Colorado (Denver, \by «Mir... V. Beales),
Yellowstone, British Columbia (Victoria).
iO. HAE SCHNA CONSTRICTA Ody.) elev. fies. 20; 30.
4Y.c. Say, Jour. etc. Phila. viii, p. 11, 1839. Complete biblio-
graphy, by Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xviii, p. 34, 1875.
Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 249, 1893.
174 La Chuparosa, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
All the pale markings of the body blue, spots at the
apices of the abdominal segments quite large, a black
line on the fronto-nasal suture, antehumeral stripes dis-
tinct, front wings with 19-23 antecubitals, the acute, in-
ferior, anteapical spine of the superior appendages of the
male shorter than in specimens from the eastern United
States.
Abdomen 51.5-58. Hind wing 45-50.
Distribution. Baja California (as above) to British
Columbia; Colorado to Maryland and Labrador; Kam-
tschatka, Siberia.
ANAX Leach.
Leach, Edinb. Encye. ix, p. 137, 1815; Amer. edit. (Phila.) vili, pt.
2, p. 726, 1816. Karsch, Ent. Nach. xvii, p. 287, 1891. Cal-
vert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 222, 1893.
(The two following species may easily be separated by
size, the 4 superior appendages, etc.)
LO ANAX JUNIGS Drury. Pl. xv; figs. 15, 16.
Libeliuta, 7. Drury, Il; Bxot.(Ims. i, p. 112, pl. 47, fig. 5, 1770;
Complete bibliography in Hagen, Psyche, v, p. 305, 1890. Cal-
vert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 249, 1893.
510 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
1Q San Raymundo, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
36 1 Sierra El Taste, September, 1893, G. Eisen.
ll 4 San José del Cabo, September, 1893, G. Eisen.
50 27 = San José del Cabo, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
1] 2 Mesa Verde, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
1 Sierra Laguna, 2000 feet, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
2, Miraflores, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
1 Sierra San Lazaro, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
3 2 San José del Cabo, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
824 372
Of 111 specimens, only 3 have more than one mar-
ginal cell between the upper sector of the triangle* and
the external branch of the lower sector on the hind wings
(see chatacters of the genera, aztec), viza:” 0G andudiite
left wing only of another 4 have two marginal cells, while
the third 6 has 3 marginal cells on the right wing, 4 on
the left. However, specimens are not rare in which two
rows of cells exist between the two veins mentioned to
within two cells of the margin.
Front wings with discoidal triangle 3-7-celled (usually
6), 4-6 median cross-veins not forming an internal tri-
angle, I—4 supratriangulars, first and fifth, sixth, seventh
or eighth antecubitals thicker. Hind wing with discoidal
triangle 3-6-celled (usually 5), 3-4 median cross-veins
not forming an internal triangle, 1-3 supratriangulars,
first and fifth or sixth antecubitals thicker.
Abdomen ¢ 53.5-56, 2 52-56. Hind wing 46.5-56, ?
48-56.
Distribution. Quebec and Alaska to the West Indies
and Costa Rica, Sandwich Islands, Kamtschatka, China.
20. AnaAx WatsincHAMI McLachlan. PI. xv, figs.
Wako.
* By my own error, the manuscript furnished to the printer omits the
important words ‘‘of the triangle” after ‘‘ External branch of lower sec-
tor” in the third line of the characters of the genus Anax given on page
471.—P. P.C.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. Hirt
A.W. McLach., Ent. Mo. Mag. xx, pp. 127, 171, 1883. Hagen,
Psyche, v, p. 306, 1890. A. validus Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N.
H. xviii, p. 32, 1875. Cabot, Mem. Mus. C. Z. viii, p. 15, 1881.
24 El Paraiso, undated.
i San Raymundo, April, 1889, C. D. Haines.
3 Sierra El Taste, September, 1893, G. Eisen.
5 Coral de Piedras, Cape Rey, September, 1893, G. Eisen.
1 1 San José del Cabo, September, G. Eisen.
14 4 San José del Cabo, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
3 Mesa Verde, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
2 1 Miraflores, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslht.
1 San José del Cabo, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
Bilge 7S
Differs from Hagen’s description of 1890 (7. c.), as
follows: occiput pale blue; eyes above greenish-blue,
below yellowish-green; the fine black line bordering the
frons anteriorly often absent; thorax probably blue in
life; the dorsal black or dark brown abdominal band be-
gins on segment 3 instead of 5; pale markings of the ab-
domen of the female green instead of blue; basal spots
on 8-9 blue, sometimes absent on g; 10 reddish-brown
with a small blue spot each side.
Front wings with discoidal triangle 3—7-celled, 4-6 me-
dian cross-veins, not forming an internal triangle, 2—3
supratriangulars, first and sixth or seventh antecubitals
thicker. Hind wings with discoidal triangle 3-5-celled,
3-5 median cross-veins, not forming an internal triangle,
I—2 supratriangulars, first and fifth, sixth or seventh ante-
cubitals thicker.
Total length ¢ ro5-115, 2 88-96. Abdomen 4 77-90,
? 67-73. Hind wing $ 56-62, 2 56.
Distribution. Baja Calitornia (as above), California,
Arizona, Guatemala.
2p SER., VOL. IV. ( 384 ) February 19, 1895.
512 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
Subfamily LIBELLULINE.
PANTALA Hagen.
Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 141, 1861. Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc.
Lond. xii, p. 265, 1889. Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p.
223, 1893.
21. PANTALA FLAVESCENS Fabricius. PI. xvii, figs.
92-94.
Libellula f. Fabry. Ent. Syst. Supp. p. 285, 1798. P. f. Biblio-
graphy in Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xviii, p. 63, 1875.
Calvert J. c. p. 254, 1893.
36 1@ Sierra El Taste, September, 1893, G. Eisen.
12 1 San José del Cabo, October, 1893, G. Hisen.
2 Mesa Verde, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
175 29
Distinguished from P. hymenea by its general yellow-
ish color and the absence of a dark brown spot near the
anal angle of the hind wings, as well as by a relative dif-
ference in the lengths of the superior and inferior ap-
pendages of the males (cf. figs. 90 and g2, pl. xvii).
Distribution. Tropical parts of Old and New Hemi-
spheres, occasional in the United States as far north as
Massachusetts and Wisconsin (details in Hagen or Cal-
wert .//. C6.)
22. PANTALA HYMENZIA Say. PI. xvii, figs. 90, 91.
Libellula h. Say, Jour. Ac. Phila. viii, p. 18, 1839. P. A. Hagen,
Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 142, 1861. Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.
xx, p. 254, 1893.
22 Coral de Piedras, September, 1893, G. Eisen.
1346 9 San José del Cabo, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
2 Mesa Verde, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
3 Miraflores, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
1 San José del Cabo, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
Greenish, with dark brown markings; hind wings with
a round, dark brown spot near anal angle.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 513
Distribution. Mexico (Matamoras, Mazatlan, Baja
California, as above), New Mexico, Kansas (Banks),
Texas, Cuba, South Dakota, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsyl-
vania.
TRAMEA Hagen.
Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 143, 1861. Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc.
Lond. xii, p. 268, 1889. Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p.
223, 1893.
23. TRAMEA onusTA Hagen. PI. xvii, figs. 85-87.
T.0. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 144, 1861; Stet. Ent. Zeit. xxviii,
p. 222, 1867; Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xviii, p. 65, 1875.
26 San José del Cabo, May, 1893.
3 San José del Cabo, September, 18938, G. Eisen.
0 22 San José del Cabo, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
3 Mesa Verde, October, 1893, G. Eisen. :
1 Sierra FE] Taste, September, 1893, G. Eisen.
3. 1 Miraflores, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
3 San José del Cabo, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
255 39
Basal fourth of hind wing brown veined with yellow, a
clear spot on the anal margin.
¢ Superior appendages a little longer thang+ 10. Gen-
ital hamule projecting distinctly farther than the genital
lobe.
@ Vulvar lamina as long as g, bilobed in its apical
three-fourths.
Of the specific characters assigned to this species by
Hagen (/. c., 1861) some are not constant, viz., the
fuscous basal spot of the hind wings often attains the
front margin, as it does in all the above specimens; the
inferior appendage of the male, instead of just reaching
to the denticulated portion of the superiors, may extend
beyond it, as in 7. carolina. Front wings with 11-13
antecubitals, S-1o postcubitals. Hind wings with 7-8
antecubitals, 11-12 postcubitals. Total length 4 46-48,
514 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
@ 447... Abd: 6 30—32, 9 23. Hind wing ¢ 38=42,)9942-
Pter. front wings 3, hind wings 2mm. Sup. app. 45.5;
app. 2 4.
Distribution. Mexico (Baja California, as above, Mat-
amoras, Mazatlan), Panama, Texas, Florida, West Indies.
24. TRAMEA LONGICAUDA Brauer? var. PI. xvii, figs.
T.1. Brauer, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, xvii, p. 812, 1867.
24 San José del Cabo, one May, the other October, 1893.
Labrum black in the middle, brownish each side; la-
bium brownish-yellow, middle lobe only black; epistoma
brown; frons superiorly and vertex with a metallic blue
reflection. ‘Thorax light brown, a black spot on the
lower parts of the mesepimeron and of the metepimeron,
and a black line on the upper ends of the humeral and
second lateral sutures. Abdomen (probably reddish-)
brown, 8-10 blackish dorsally.
Superior appendages reddish-brown, 3.5 mm. long and
hence longer than 9-10 (2 mm.) but not as long as 8 +
g+10(4.5 mm.), with an inferior row of about ten denti-
cles on the basal half. Inferior appendage half as long
as the superiors, reaching beyond the denticles. An-
terior lamina least prominent, its apex slightly bilobed;
hamule more prominent than lamina or genital lobe, sim-
ple, apex acute, curved outwards to form a hook.
Wings slightly smoky when held over white paper,
veins reddish near base, brownish apically. Hind wings
with a brown basal band, veined with yellowish, com-
mencing a little in front of the submedian vein, reaching
within a cell of the anal ‘‘angle’’; outer edge "of wis
band nearly on the level of the median cross-vein, inner
margin not attaining the anal margin of the wing, which
is here bordered by a pale obscurely-yellowish tract,
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. SES
3-6 cells wide, from the membranule to the anal angle.
Front wings with four rows of post-triangular cells, 12-13
antecubitals, 10-11 postcubitals. Pterostigma ochre- or
reddish-yellow, 3 mm. long in front wings, 2 mm. long in
hind wings.
Total length 48. Abd. 32. Hind wing 44 mm.
Dr) Brauer has characterized (7. ¢., p: Siz) the group
of 7. cophysa Hag. as having ‘‘four discoidal [post-trian-
gular] rows, basal spot of the hind wings reaching only to
the cross-vein of the middle cell’’ (== median cross-vein).
This group is divided into two sections, the first with the
anal margin of the hind wings entirely or partly hyaline,
the second with the anal margin black; /ongicauda is re-
ferred to the first section. From the sufficiently described
species of this first section, the two above males differ as
follows:
Cophysa Hagen has a large quadrangular dark brown
spot on the thoracic dorsum, and two, oblique, yellow
bands on the sides of the thorax.
Subbinotata Brauer has the hamule not projecting be-
yond the genital lobe, the sup. app. 6 as long as 8 + 9+ 10,
inf. app. one-third as long as sup. app., pterostigma longer
(3 mm.) on hind wings.
Longicauda Brauer has the sup. app. ¢4 as long as 8+
g+10, the general color of the body and of the basal spot
on the hind wings is blackish-brown. These two males
may not belong to /ongzcauda, but it seems best to refer
them here provisionally. Longzcauda inhabits Brazil.
Insularis Hagen has merely a small hyaline spot on the
anal margin of the hind wings, the hamule does not pro-
ject beyond the genital lobe, the sup. app. ¢ are as long
as 8+9-[ 10.
The Mexican and West Indian species abdominalis
Rambur which may be considered to belong to the sec-
516 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
ond section of this group, although the color of the anal
margin is dark brown, not black, also differs by the frons
superiorly and vertex red, the pterostigma brownish-black
or reddish-brown.
LIBELLULA DLinné,
Linné, Syst. Nat. i, p. 543, 1758. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 150,
1861 (in part). Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx, p. 224, 1893.
Leptetrum, Belonia, Holotania Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.
xii, pp. 286, 288, 1889.
25. LiBELLULA SATURATA Uhler. PI. xvi, figs. 70-73.
i. s. Uhler, Proc. Ac. N. S. Phila. 1857, p. 88. Hagen, Syn-
Neur: N. A. sp: 152; 1861. Rep: US) Geol: Sur ern. Ws73:
p. 586, 1874; Stett. Ent. Zeit., xxvii, p. 92; Proc. Bost. Soc.
N. H. xviii, p. 70, 1875. Belonia s. Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 28,
1890. L. croceipennis Selys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xi, C. R. p.
Ixvii, 1868. Hagen, Rep. U.S. Geol. Sur. Terr. 1873, p. 586.
Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xviii, p, 70, 1875. Belonia c. Kirby,
Cat. Odon. p. 28, 1890.
94 22 San Ignacio, not dated.
3 San José del Cabo, not dated.
]
2
1 San José del Cabo, September, 1893, G. Eisen.
3 3. San José del Cabo, October, 18938, G. Eisen.
14 Miraflores, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
10 San José del Cabo, September, 1894, Eisen & Vaslit.
793 5
De Selys (7. c. 1868) and Hagen (/. c. 1873) give the
following as specific differences between saturata and
crocetpennis:
Saturata. Croceipennis.
1. Median space and triangle of hind wings
fuscous. not fuscous.
2. Veins in first and second costal [= antecu-
bital] spaces bright yellow. reddish.
Yellowish-brown of the base of the wings
prolonged along the anterior margin to
“5
we
the pterostigma. stopping at the nodus.
4. Hamule with inner and outer branches inner branch pointed,
equally pointed. much longer; genital
lobe larger.
ODONATA OF BAJA CALIFORNIA. 517
Croceipennis is said to be smaller, but to have a longer
pterostigma; measurements are not given. The expres-
sion used by Dr. Hagen for saturata, ‘* hamules with in-
ner and outer branches equally pointed,’’ is misleading,
as the inner branch in both forms is always longer and
more acute; in otherwise typical crocezpennis the inner
branch is more slender and its extreme hook-like apex
is somewhat more prolonged than in otherwise typical
saturata, but after an examination of the above mate-
rial, it seems impossible to establish any specific differ-
ence. The difference in the size of the genital lobe is
mainly in width; in males with typical satwrata wings the
greatest width is less than the length; in typical crocez-
pennis the width exceeds the length.
The specimens from San Ignacio agree mainly with
saturata in wing-coloring, but the intensity of the color-
ing of the median space and triangle of the hind wings
varies; the genital lobe is like satwrata. Abd. ¢ 32-33,
@ 30-32. Hind wing ¢ 38-40, ? 40-42.
The fourteen males from San José del Cabo (not dated
and September, 1893) mostly agree with crocecpennis.
The yellowish- brown on the front wings extends from
the base to the triangle or to the nodus, on the hind
wings its apical limit varies from the triangle to beyond
the nodus. In one male the median space in the hind
wings is fuscous, but not the triangle; this male has the
genital lobe narrower than its fellows. The amount ot
coloring of the wings is not correlated with size. Abd.
29-32.5, hind wing 35-41. fPter. 5.5-5.
Of the thirty-five individuals taken at San José del
Cabo in October, 1893, twenty-five, all males, have the
wings reddish-brown from base to nodus for almost the
entire width of the wing; of these twenty-five, some have
no fuscous in the triangle and median space, others a
518 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.
varying amount of fuscous therein. The seven remain-
ing males have the reddish-brown extending to the trian-
gles. The three females have the wings reddish-brown
to nodus but more marked along costal margin, median
space and triangle of hind wings darker brown.
The difference above numbered 2 is valueless as a male
from Los Angeles, Cal., otherwise agreeing with saturata,
has these veins, red.
Too many intermediate forms thus appear to exist to
allow of saturata and crocecpennis being considered as
distinct.
The body and especially the abdomen of this species
is brilliant red in color.
Distribution. Mexico (Baja California, as above, to
which Hagen adds Cape San Lucas, Tampico, Cordova,
Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Tehuantepec), Guatemala, Colom-
bia?, California (Los Angeles by Dr. A. Davidson), Ari-
zona, Montana, Yellowstone.
PsEUDOLEON Kirby.
Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii, p. 274, 1889.
26. PSEUDOLEON SUPERBUS Hagen. PI. xvi, figs.
62—66.
Celithemis s. Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. A. p. 148, 1861. P.s. Kirby
l.c., p. 274, pl. lili, fig. 7 (entire insect), 1889. Hvrythrodiplaa
s. Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. xviii, p. 67, 1875.
54 Comondu, March, 1893, C. D. Haines.
10 12 San José del Cabo, May, 1893.
2 San José dei Cabo, September, 1893, G. Eisen.
7 4 San José del Cabo, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
5 Mesa Verde, October, 1893, G. Eisen.
1 2 Sierra El Taste, west side, September, 1893, G. Eisen.
14 6 Miraflores, September 
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